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- Cutas, Daniela, 1978
(författare)
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Can/should fathers be parents too? On shared post-separation parenting
- 2011
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Ingår i: Zagreb Applied Ethics Conference 2011.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presentation will address the ethics and policy of parenting. Some of the questions that I will explore are: who is a parent? How do people acquire responsibilities for children? How do the relationships between adults influence, or should influence, these responsibilities? What are (or might be) the implications of mothers and fathers equally sharing responsibilities for children? Who, if anyone, should be awarded precedence in cases of competition for parenting? In pondering these questions, I will comparatively look at the Swedish and the Romanian cases of the culture and policy of parenting. The two European countries are examples of quite different post-separation and post-divorce parenting. In Sweden, it is highly expected that, following separation of the parents, they will both continue to function as parents with equal rights and responsibilities. In Romania this is rare, and children are placed with one parent (usually the mother), with the other parent being awarded (at best) visitation rights, and (usually) financial responsibilities. Recent changes in legislation, and tendencies in European legislation, shift towards shared parenting – and this collides with long established beliefs and expectations, and will have a strong impact on children as well as their parents and society at large.
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| 5. |
- Cutas, Daniela, 1978
(författare)
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Infertility in the future: no more?
- 2013
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Ingår i: “Infertility in History, Science and Culture”, University of Edinburgh, UK.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Cutas, Daniela, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Legal imperialism in the regulation of stem cell research and therapy: the problem of extraterritorial jurisdiction
- 2010
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Ingår i: Capps BJ & Campbell AV (eds.). CONTESTED CELLS: Global Perspectives on the Stem Cell Debate. - London : Imperial College Press. - 9781848164376 ; , s. 95-119
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Countries worldwide have very different national regulations on human embryonic stem (ES) cell research, informed by a range of ethical values. Some countries find reason to extend the applicability of their regulations on such research to its citizens when they visit other countries. Extraterritorial jurisdiction has recently been identified as a potential challenge towards global regulation of ES cell research. This chapter explores the implications and impact of extraterritorial jurisdiction and global regulation of ES cell research on researchers, clinicians and national health systems, and how this may affect patients. The authors argue that it would make ethical sense for ES cell restrictive countries to extend its regulations on ES cell research beyond its borders, because, if these countries really consider embryo destruction to be objectionable on the basis on the status of the embryo, then they ought to count it morally on par with murder (and thus have a moral imperative to protect embryos from the actions of its own citizens). However, doing so could lead to a legal situation that would result in substantial harm to central values in areas besides research, such as health care, the job market, basic freedom of movement, and strategic international finance and politics. Thus, it seems that restrictive extraterritorial jurisdiction in respect to ES cell research would be deeply problematic, given that the ethical permissibility of ES cell research is characterised by deep and wide disagreement.
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| 7. |
- Cutas, Daniela, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Natural versus Assisted Reproduction: In Search of Fairness
- 2010
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Ingår i: Studies in Ethics, Law, and Technology. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1941-6008 .- 2194-6280. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we are concerned with the ethical implications of the distinction between natural reproduction (via sexual intercourse) and reproduction that requires assistance (either medical or social). We argue that the current practice of enforcing regulations on the latter but not on the former means of reproduction is ethically unjustified. It is not defensible to tolerate parental ignorance or abuse in natural reproduction and subsequently in natural parenting, whilst submitting assisted reproduction and parenting to invasive scrutiny. Our proposal is to guarantee equal (ethical and legal) treatment to people engaging in either form of reproduction or parenting.
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| 8. |
- Cutas, Daniela, 1978
(författare)
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On the impact of technology and globalisation on reproductive ethics
- 2010
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Ingår i: 10th World Congress of Bioethics, July 28-31, 2010.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ethics, mores, and policies in the field of reproduction and parenting have an impact on how, by whom, and for whom reproductive technologies are developed, used, desired or recommended. In return, changes in societies, caused by globalisation and the spread of technologies into the process of formation of families (as well as other elements, depending on the case), have led to what some call the "crisis" of the family. I propose to look into this interaction between technology, globalisation, ethics, mores and policies, and to point to some of the ways in which they have influenced each other, and in particular to some of the ways in which technologies (such as gamete donation, embryo transfer, SCNT, the creation of synthetic gametes etc.) demand the reformulation of arguments in reproductive ethics and policy (such as the potentiality argument, regulations according to which birth mothers receive legal recognition as mothers of the newly born etc.). One of the main questions that arises from these changes is that of the identity of children's "real" parents. I will make an argument from reproductive autonomy to support the notion of "moral" parenting to the detriment of the praising of genetic or birth links. The shift from moral parenting being prima facie associated with genetic lineage, gestation or birth, to the need to reanalyse parenting entitlements is the exclusive merit (or fault) of reproductive technologies. Certainly, parenting entitlements have sometimes been reorganised before that (e.g. in adoption or custody decisions), but without significant effects on the general status quo. And, as the attribution of parenting entitlements and obligations is shifting, so will the ethics and policy of access to, and development of, reproductive technologies (e.g. if we cease to see genetics as the main component, or source of legitimacy, of reproduction and parenting, then this has an effect on the ethics and regulation of the use of donor gametes as well as public funding of, or even access to, the use of technologies for people who cannot reproduce genetically but could become parents in other ways). Reproductive technologies thus also create a wider separation between the right to reproduce and the right to parent, if indeed both can be argued for.
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| 9. |
- Cutas, Daniela, 1978
(författare)
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On triparenting. Is having three committed parents better than having only two?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Ethics. - : BMJ. - 1473-4257 .- 0306-6800. ; 37:12, s. 735-738
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although research indicates that single parenting is not by itself worse for children than their being brought up by both their parents, there are reasons why it is better for children to have more than one committed parent. If having two committed parents is better, everything else being equal, than having just one, I argue that it might be even better for children to have three committed parents. There might, in addition, be further reasons why allowing triparenting would benefit children and adults, at least in some cases. Whether or not triparenting is on the whole preferable to bi- or monoparenting, it does have certain advantages (as well as shortcomings) which, at the very least, warrant its inclusion in debates over the sorts of family structures we should allow in our societies, and how many people should be accepted in them. This paper has the modest aim of scratching the surface of this wider topic by challenging the necessity of the max-two-parents framework.
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| 10. |
- Cutas, Daniela, 1978
(författare)
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Postmenopausal motherhood reloaded
- 2012
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Ingår i: MANCEPT Workshops in Political Theory 2012.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- "Motherhood after the age of the menopause, facilitated by in vitro fertilisation technologies (IVF), has raised much controversy in the last decade. The achievement of pregnancy in postmenopausal women has so far involved donated oocytes. This was the case for several reasons. Firstly, technology did not allow the adequate preservation of oocytes. Secondly, postmenopausal women either lacked own viable oocytes, or the risks involved in using their own (aged) oocytes would have been too high. Some of the objections to allowing the use of the technology in such cases have been formulated in terms of the burden that donating oocytes imposes on the donors. Given that postmenopausal motherhood is a controversial achievement, involving (incrementally) higher risks at all levels (of miscarriage, of need for C-section, of parental loss too early in life), it is often argued that such uses of the technology and donor eggs should not be supported or allowed at all. Moreover, gamete donation does not provide women with “their own” children: and this may be seen as a shortcoming both by opponents of such uses, and by the prospective mothers themselves. Due to recent developments, however, oocytes can now be preserved, and it may become feasible to create oocytes from women’s genetic material. These two possibilities avoid the abovementioned two objections, and multiply the range of choices that prospective mothers after the age of the menopause may have in the future. In this presentation (and draft paper) I will be looking at these possibilities and what they mean for arguments in the area of the ethics and policy of postmenopausal motherhood."
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