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| 2. |
- Andersson Djurfeldt, Agnes, et al.
(författare)
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Is there such a thing as sustainable agricultural intensification in smallholder-based farming in sub-Saharan Africa? Understanding yield differences in relation to gender in Malawi, Tanzania and Zambia
- 2019
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Ingår i: Development Studies Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2166-5095. ; 6:1, s. 62-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smallholder-based, sustainable, agricultural intensification is increasingly put forth as a development pathway that is necessary to improve farmer's livelihoods, enhance productivity and engender a surplus that can be used to feed growing urban areas across sub-Saharan Africa. The following article examines trends in yields for Africa's largest staple crop – maize – among smallholder farmers in six regions in Malawi, Tanzania and Zambia, using longitudinal quantitative data collected in 2008, 2013 and 2017 in combination with qualitative data from nine villages. Substantial increases in yields are found only in Zambia, while yields are largely stagnant in Malawi and Tanzania. In the case of Zambia, however, there is a persistent gender-based yield gap. We use the qualitative data to explain this gap and find that gender-based differences in yields need to be understood in relation to local production systems, as well as the varied positionality of women, where the biases facing women who head their own households are different than for women living in male headed households. In policy terms, technologies that can promote intensification are different depending on these factors, even within the local context of particular farming systems.
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| 3. |
- Djurfeldt, Agnes Andersson, et al.
(författare)
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Agrarian Change and Structural Transformation: Drivers and Distributional Outcomes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Agriculture, Diversification, and Gender in Rural Africa: Longitudinal Perspectives from Six Countries. - : Oxford University Press. - 9780198799283 ; , s. 113-113
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter examines agrarian changes triggered by the structural transformation of the overall economy, focusing on their drivers and distributional outcomes. By means of multi-level modelling of three processes—intensification of grain yields, diversification of cropping, and non-farm diversification (pluriactivity)—it concludes that intensification has moderately accelerated and is getting more important than its twin process. Similarly, crop diversification has accelerated, while non-farm diversification seems to be more pull- than push-driven. The most important drivers of the two first-mentioned processes are commercial ones: increasing local and domestic demand for grains and for other crops and institutional changes promoting market participation of smallholders. The chapter concludes that these processes are not pro-poor, but neither are they pro-rich; middling smallholder households tend to be more involved. The gender profile of agricultural diversification seems to involve and benefit male-managed farms, whereas non-farm diversification is gender neutral.
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| 4. |
- Djurfeldt, Agnes Andersson, et al.
(författare)
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"The family farms together, the decisions, however are made by the man" -Matrilineal land tenure systems, welfare and decision making in rural Malawi
- 2018
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Ingår i: Land Use Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-8377. ; 70, s. 601-610
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improved female control over land is often put forth as a means of raising the productivity of smallholder agriculture, enhancing female bargaining power and raising women's incomes. The article uses some quantitative but primarily qualitative data on access to income and decision making, to analyse gender patterns related to welfare, incomes and control over resources in a context where women's rights to land are particularly strong, that is in a matrilineal and uxorilocal setting. Women's land rights are contextualized in relation to labour intensive, low productive smallholder systems and the paper assesses to what extent female control over land affects welfare outcomes, decision making and intra-household control over incomes and labour. While we find that female control over land does affect intra household relations it is clear that land reform is not enough to ensure gender equality. For any land use policy reform to have a profound affect it would have to also take into account control over other productive resources, e.g. labour, as well as the wider institutional and political context.
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| 5. |
- Nasrin, Sultana, et al.
(författare)
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Drivers of rice production: evidence from five Sub-Saharan African countries
- 2015
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Ingår i: Agriculture & Food Security. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2048-7010. ; 4:12, s. 1-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In spite of considerable rice production gains over the past 50 years, Sub-Saharan Africa is becoming increasingly dependent on rice imports as demand is outpacing domestic supply. The serious economic and social strains caused by this have urged national leaders to address production deficits. The aim of this article is to analyse and discuss the drivers behind recent changes in rice production in Africa South of the Sahara, focusing on Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania and Mozambique. Considering the period 2002–2008, we model production performance and changes in production amongst 317 rice-growing households using multilevel and longitudinal data. We evaluate and discuss the role of three key processes: the role of commercial drivers, farm technology and macro-level conditions. Results: We show that until 2002, production was driven by a combination of the three key processes considered, while during the period 2002–2008, production increases were primarily associated with area expansion and commercial drivers. This suggests that production lately has been more driven by processes of extensification than intensification. We also note that in none of the periods considered, the share of the state budget allocated to agriculture had a significant effect on production and that recent developments do not give any obvious support for an Asianstyle state-driven Green Revolution in rice in Sub-Saharan Africa. Conclusions: The role of commercialization in explaining changes in production suggests that policies strengthening food staple markets in the sub-continent hold great potential for driving rice production in the near future. Due to the scarcity of available land, the possibilities of further growth in the rice sector are limited without an intensification of production. Hence, farmers also need to access new farm technology, and positive development of rice production would in turn contribute to an improvement of food security.
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| 6. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(författare)
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171 forskare: ”Vi vuxna bör också klimatprotestera”
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - Stockholm. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 26/9. Vuxna bör följa uppmaningen från ungdomarna i Fridays for future-rörelsen och protestera eftersom det politiska ledarskapet är otillräckligt. Omfattande och långvariga påtryckningar från hela samhället behövs för att få de politiskt ansvariga att utöva det ledarskap som klimatkrisen kräver, skriver 171 forskare i samhällsvetenskap och humaniora.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Djurfeldt, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Green revolution
- 2019
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Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Food Security and Sustainability. - 9780128126882 - 9780128126875 ; 3, s. 147-151
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Green Revolution in Asia from the early 1960s is defined as a process driven by governments in pursuit of self-sufficiency in food grains. The process was market-mediated and smallholder based and can be dated to the early 1960s with the Nobel Prize Laureate, Norman Borlaug’s research on high-yielding dwarf wheat in Mexico and later spread to rice and number of countries in South East and South Asia.
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| 9. |
- Djurfeldt, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Structural transformation and agrarian change in India
- 2016
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- The landlord and his emaciated labourer are symbolic of Indian agriculture. However, this relationship is less assured as large landowners have fallen from their superior position. This volume explores how this emblematic pair is becoming a thing of the past. Structural Transformation and Agrarian Change in India investigates whether family labour farms are gaining prominence as a consequence of the structural trans formation of the economy. The authors work alongside Weberian method - ology of ideal types and develop different types of family farms; among them family labour farms that rely mainly on family workers, contrasted with capitalist farms that depend on hired labour. Agriculture is shrinking as a part of the total GDP at the same time as agricultural labour is shrinking as part of the total labour force. The changing agrarian structure is explored with the use of unique longterm survey data and statistical models. Results show that India is approaching farm structures that are typical of East and South East Asia, with pluriactive smallholders as the norm. This book successfully criticizes popular narratives about Indian agricultural development as well as simplistic evolutionist, Marxist or neoclassical prognoses. It is of great importance to those who study development economics, development studies and South Asian economics.
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| 10. |
- Djurfeldt, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Using panel survey and remote sensing data to explain yield gaps for maize in sub-Saharan Africa
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Land Use Science. - 1747-423X. ; 13:3, s. 344-357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to combine remote sensing data with geo-coded household survey data in order to measure the impact of different socio-economic and biophysical factors on maize yields. We use multilevel linear regression to model village mean maize yield per year as a function of NDVI, commercialization, pluriactivity and distance to market. We draw on seven years of panel data on African smallholders, drawn from three rounds of data collection over a twelve-year period and 56 villages in six countries combined with a time-series analysis of NDVI data from the MODIS sensor. We show that, although there is much noise in yield forecasts as made with our methodology, socio-economic drivers substantially impact on yields, more, it seems, than do biophysical drivers. To reach more powerful explanations researchers need to incorporate socio-economic parameters in their models.
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