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- Ferrari, R, et al.
(author)
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An update on atrial fibrillation in 2014 : From pathophysiology to treatment
- 2016
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In: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 203, s. 22-29
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequently encountered cardiac arrhythmia. The trigger for initiation of AF is generally an enhanced vulnerability of pulmonary vein cardiomyocyte sleeves to either focal or re-entrant activity. The maintenance of AF is based on a "driver" mechanism in a vulnerable substrate. Cardiac mapping technology is providing further insight into these extremely dynamic processes. AF can lead to electrophysiological and structural remodelling, thereby promoting the condition. The management includes prevention of stroke by oral anticoagulation or left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion, upstream therapy of concomitant conditions, and symptomatic improvement using rate control and/or rhythm control. Nonpharmacological strategies include electrical cardioversion and catheter ablation. There are substantial geographical variations in the management of AF, though European data indicate that 80% of patients receive adequate anticoagulation and 79% adequate rate control. High rates of morbidity and mortality weigh against perceived difficulties in management. Clinical research and growing experience are helping refine clinical indications and provide better technical approaches. Active research in cardiac electrophysiology is producing new antiarrhythmic agents that are reaching the experimental clinical arena, inhibiting novel ion channels. Future research should give better understanding of the underlying aetiology of AF and identification of drug targets, to help the move toward patient-specific therapy.
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- Popovic, Marko B., et al.
(author)
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Practice Problems
- 2019
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In: Biomechatronics. ; , s. 567-604
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Selected practice problems in the format of numerical problems, concept questions, and case studies are presented in this chapter. Each problem is labeled with an estimated level of difficulty and list of most relevant chapters. Solutions and hints for about half of these problems are provided in the following chapter.
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- Schotten, U., et al.
(author)
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Current controversies in determining the main mechanisms of atrial fibrillation
- 2016
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In: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820. ; 279:5, s. 428-438
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Despite considerable basic research into the mechanisms of atrial fibrillation (AF), not much progress has been made in the prognosis of patients with AF. With the exception of anticoagulant therapy, current treatments for AF still do not improve major cardiovascular outcomes. This may be due partly to the diverse aetiology of AF with increasingly more factors found to contribute to the arrhythmia. In addition, a strong increase has been seen in the technological complexity of the methods used to quantify the main pathophysiological alterations underlying the initiation and progression of AF. Because of the lack of standardization of the technological approaches currently used, the perception of basic mechanisms of AF varies widely in the scientific community. Areas of debate include the role of Ca2+-handling alterations associated with AF, the contribution and noninvasive assessment of the degree of atrial fibrosis, and the best techniques to identify electrophysiological drivers of AF. In this review, we will summarize the state of the art of these controversial topics and describe the diverse approaches to investigating and the scientific opinions on leading AF mechanisms. Finally, we will highlight the need for transparency in scientific reporting and standardization of terminology, assumptions, algorithms and experimental conditions used for the development of better AF therapies. Content List - Read more articles from the symposium: Atrial fibrillation - from atrial extrasystoles to atrial cardiomyopathy. What have we learned from basic science and interventional procedures.
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