| 1. |
- Durevall, Dick, 1954, et al.
(författare)
-
Importing High Food Prices by Exporting: Rice Prices in Lao PDR
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper shows how a developing country, Lao PDR, imports high glutinous rice prices by exporting its staple food to neighboring countries, Vietnam and Thailand. Lao PDR has extensive export controls on rice, generating a sizable difference between domestic and international prices. Controls are relaxed after good harvests, leading to a surge in exports early in the season and rapidly rising prices later in the year. There is thus a strong case for removal of trade restrictions since they give rise to price spikes, keep the long-term price of glutinous rice low, and thereby hinder increases in income from agriculture. Although this is a case study of Lao PDR, the findings may equally apply to other developing countries that export their staple food.
|
|
| 2. |
- Durevall, Dick, 1954
(författare)
-
Is Fair Trade Really Fair: Evidence from the Swedish Coffee Marke
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Swedish Economics National Conference, Umeå, October, 2014.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Consumers pay a premium for Fairtrade coffee, often assuming that it mainly benefits poor producers. This paper analyses how the Fair Trade premium is allocated between roasters and retailers and bean exporting countries. Scanner data for everyday sales from 3,088 stores across Sweden are used to estimate Fair Trade and conventional consumer coffee price differences for ground and instant coffee, while controlling for product characteristics. Information about production costs are then used to calculate the shares of the Fair Trade premium. The allocations depend on how much more costly it is to produce Fair Trade than conventional coffee, given the costs of beans and licences, for which there is limited information. Assuming it costs 5 SEK per kg more to produce Fair Trade ground coffee, which is on the high side, roasters and retailers get 60% of the premium, while they get about 70% when it is assumed that there is no difference in costs. The share going to roaster and retailers for instant coffee is about 70%. Countries that export Fair Trade beans and Fairtrade International, the organization that certifies the beans, thus get 30% to 40% of the premium.
|
|
| 3. |
- Durevall, Dick, 1954, et al.
(författare)
-
Trade Liberalization and Wage Inequality: Empirical Evidence from Bangladesh
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Bangladesh Studies. - 1529-0905. ; 16:1-2, s. 13-24
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prediction of standard economic theory that trade liberalization reduces income inequality in developing countries has been challenged by several studies during recent decades. This paper explores this issue by analyzing the relationship between trade liberalization and skilled-unskilled wage inequality in the Bangladesh cotton textile industry. First cointegration analysis is used to test for long-run relationships between real wages and trade liberalization over the period 1971-2010, and then a two-equation error correction model is estimated for wages of skilled and unskilled workers. Trade liberalization, proxied by the evolution of Bangladesh’s international trade, is associated with increased real wages for both skilled and unskilled workers. The relative skilled-unskilled workers’ wage fluctuates over the study period, but it has no trend and is not related to increased openness. Trade liberalization thus seems to have increased labor productivity in the cotton textile industry without any noticeable effects on wage inequality.
|
|
| 4. |
- Durevall, Dick, 1954, et al.
(författare)
-
Våld i nära relationer och hiv i Afrika söder om Sahara
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - 0345-2646. ; :1, s. 44-52
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Våld emot kvinnor förs ofta fram som en starkt bidragande faktor till hivepidemin i Afrika söder om Sahara. De empiriska beläggen är dock motstridiga. Dessutom har man i tidigare studier som regel inte undersökt vad som orsakar ett eventuellt statistiskt samband. Med data från åtta afrikanska länder visar vi på ett statistiskt samband mellan kvinnor som utsätts för våld i nära relationer och sannolikheten att de är hivpositiva. Vi visar också att sambandet inte är kausalt utan beror på att de våldsbenägna männen oftare är hivpositiva på grund av ett mer riskfyllt sexuellt beteende.
|
|
