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- Eckerström, Carl, et al.
(author)
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Characteristic Biomarker and Cognitive Profile in Incipient Mixed Dementia.
- 2020
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In: Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. - 1875-8908. ; 73:2, s. 597-607
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research has shown that mixed dementia is more common than previously believed but little is known of its early stages.To examine if incipient mixed dementia can be differentiated from incipient Alzheimer's disease (AD) and subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SVD) using neuropsychological tests, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers, and magnetic resonance imaging markers.We included 493 patients and controls from the Gothenburg MCI study and used the dementia groups for marker selection (CSF total-tau (T-tau), phospho-tau (P-tau), and amyloid-β42 (Aβ42), 11 neuropsychological tests, and 92 regional brain volumes) and to obtain cut-off values which were then applied to the MCI groups.Incipient mixed dementia was best differentiated from incipient AD by the Word fluency F-A-S test and the Trail making test A. CSF T-tau, P-tau, and Aβ42 differentiated incipient mixed dementia from incipient SVD.Incipient mixed dementia is characterized by an AD-like biomarker profile and an SVD-like cognitive profile. Incipient mixed dementia can be separated from incipient AD and incipient SVD using CSF markers and cognitive testing.
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| 3. |
- Eckerström, Carl, et al.
(author)
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Evaluation of a screening program for iron overload andHFEmutations in 50,493 blood donors
- 2020
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In: Annals of Hematology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0939-5555 .- 1432-0584. ; 99, s. 2295-2301
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Early detection of individuals with hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is important to manage iron levels and prevent future organ damage. Although theHFEmutations that cause most cases of HH have been identified, their geographic distribution is highly variable, and their contribution to iron overload is not fully understood. All new registered blood donors at the Sahlgrenska University hospital between 1998 and 2015 were included in the study. Donors with signs of iron overload at baseline and subsequent follow-up testing were recommended genotyping of theHFEgene. Of the 50,493 donors that were included in the study, 950 (1.9%) had signs of iron overload on both test occasions. Of the 840 donors with iron overload that performedHFEgenotyping, 117 were homozygous for C282Y, and 97 were compound heterozygotes. The prevalence of C282Y homozygosity was 0.23%. Iron overload screening effectively detects individuals at risk of carrying the C282Y mutation of theHFEgene and enables early treatment to prevent HH complications.
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| 4. |
- Quinlan, Patrick, et al.
(author)
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Altered thyroid hormone profile in patients with Alzheimer's disease
- 2020
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In: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4530. ; 121
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Epidemiological studies have linked higher levels of thyroid hormones (THs) to increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereas in advanced AD, THs have been unchanged or even decreased. In early AD dementia, little is known whether THs are related to AD neuropathology or brain morphology. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 36 euthyroid AD patients and 34 healthy controls recruited at a single memory clinic. Levels of THs were measured in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In addition, we determined AD biomarkers (amyloid-beta(1-42), total tau and phosphorylated tau) in CSF and hippocampal and amygdalar volumes using magnetic resonance imaging.2 Results: Serum free thyroxine (FT4) levels were elevated, whereas serum free triiodothyronine (FT3)/FT4 and total T3 (TT3)/total T4 (TT4) ratios were decreased, in AD patients compared to controls. In addition, serum TT4 was marginally higher in AD (p = 0.05 vs. the controls). Other TH levels in serum as well as CSF concentrations of THs were similar in both groups, and there were no correlations between THs and CSF AD biomarkers. However, serum FT3 correlated positively with left amygdalar volume in AD patients and serum TT3 correlated positively with left and right hippocampal volume in controls. Conclusions: Thyroid hormones were moderately altered in mild AD dementia with increased serum FT4, and in addition, the reduced T3/T4 ratios may suggest decreased peripheral conversion of T4 to T3. Furthermore, serum T3 levels were related to brain structures involved in AD development.
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