| 1. |
- Andersson, Malte, 1941, et al.
(författare)
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”Minskande befolkning är inte problemet”
- 2020
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. ; :1 augusti, DN-debatt
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Nätverket Population Matters Sweden: En uppmärksammad studie i The Lancet pekar mot en lägre befolkningsökning i världen än tidigare prognoser. Men en miljard människor till är fortfarande långt över vad jorden klarar. Befolkningstrenden måste snarare vända neråt, och det kräver åtgärder för att stärka kvinnors rättigheter världen över.
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| 2. |
- Chen, Chao, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Bactericidal surfaces prepared by femtosecond laser patterning andlayer-by-layer polyelectrolyte coating
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Academic Press. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 575, s. 286-297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antimicrobial surfaces are important in medical, clinical, and industrial applications, where bacterial infection and biofouling may constitute a serious threat to human health. Conventional approaches against bacteria involve coating the surface with antibiotics, cytotoxic polymers, or metal particles. However, these types of functionalization have a limited lifetime and pose concerns in terms of leaching and degradation of the coating. Thus, there is a great interest in developing long-lasting and non-leaching bactericidal surfaces. To obtain a bactericidal surface, we combine micro and nanoscale patterning of borosilicate glass surfaces by ultrashort pulsed laser irradiation and a non-leaching layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte modification of the surface. The combination of surface structure and surface charge results in an enhanced bactericidal effect against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria. The laser patterning and the layer-by-layer modification are environmentally friendly processes that are applicable to a wide variety of materials, which makes this method uniquely suited for fundamental studies of bacteria-surface interactions and paves the way for its applications in a variety of fields, such as in hygiene products and medical devices.
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| 3. |
- Erzurumluoglu, A. Mesut, et al.
(författare)
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Meta-analysis of up to 622,409 individuals identifies 40 novel smoking behaviour associated genetic loci
- 2020
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 25:10, s. 2392-2409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smoking is a major heritable and modifiable risk factor for many diseases, including cancer, common respiratory disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Fourteen genetic loci have previously been associated with smoking behaviour-related traits. We tested up to 235,116 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) on the exome-array for association with smoking initiation, cigarettes per day, pack-years, and smoking cessation in a fixed effects meta-analysis of up to 61 studies (up to 346,813 participants). In a subset of 112,811 participants, a further one million SNVs were also genotyped and tested for association with the four smoking behaviour traits. SNV-trait associations with P < 5 × 10-8 in either analysis were taken forward for replication in up to 275,596 independent participants from UK Biobank. Lastly, a meta-analysis of the discovery and replication studies was performed. Sixteen SNVs were associated with at least one of the smoking behaviour traits (P < 5 × 10-8) in the discovery samples. Ten novel SNVs, including rs12616219 near TMEM182, were followed-up and five of them (rs462779 in REV3L, rs12780116 in CNNM2, rs1190736 in GPR101, rs11539157 in PJA1, and rs12616219 near TMEM182) replicated at a Bonferroni significance threshold (P < 4.5 × 10-3) with consistent direction of effect. A further 35 SNVs were associated with smoking behaviour traits in the discovery plus replication meta-analysis (up to 622,409 participants) including a rare SNV, rs150493199, in CCDC141 and two low-frequency SNVs in CEP350 and HDGFRP2. Functional follow-up implied that decreased expression of REV3L may lower the probability of smoking initiation. The novel loci will facilitate understanding the genetic aetiology of smoking behaviour and may lead to the identification of potential drug targets for smoking prevention and/or cessation.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Laakso, Miku, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Water in contact with the backside of a silicon substrate enables drilling of high-quality holes through the substrate using ultrashort laser pulses
- 2020
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - : Optical Society of America. - 1094-4087. ; 28:2, s. 1394-1408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Holes through silicon substrates are used in silicon microsystems, for example in vertical electrical interconnects. In comparison to deep reactive ion etching, laser drilling is a versatile method for forming these holes, but laser drilling suffers from poor hole quality. In this article, water is used in the silicon drilling process to remove debris and the shape deformations of the holes. Water is introduced into the drilling process through the backside of the substrate to minimize negative effects to the drilling process. Drilling of inclined holes is also demonstrated. The inclined holes could find applications in radio frequency devices.
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| 6. |
- Quellmalz, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale Integration of 2D Material Heterostructures by Adhesive Bonding
- 2020
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Ingår i: 2020 IEEE 33rd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the integration of graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) heterostructure devices on large-areas by adhesive wafer bonding, a method suitable for industrial mass-production. In this new approach, we stack graphene and hBN by two consecutive bond transfers whereby the graphene and its interface to hBN is not in contact with potentially contaminating polymers or adhesives at any time. To show the feasibility of our approach for back end of the line (BEOL) integration of two-dimensional (2D) material heterostructures on standard silicon substrates, we fabricated graphene/hBN devices with electrical bottom contacts using only established semiconductor manufacturing tools, processes and materials.
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| 7. |
- Ribet, Federico, et al.
(författare)
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Vertical integration of microchips by magnetic assembly and edge wire bonding
- 2020
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Ingår i: MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2055-7434. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The out-of-plane integration of microfabricated planar microchips into functional three-dimensional (3D) devices is a challenge in various emerging MEMS applications such as advanced biosensors and flow sensors. However, no conventional approach currently provides a versatile solution to vertically assemble sensitive or fragile microchips into a separate receiving substrate and to create electrical connections. In this study, we present a method to realize vertical magnetic-field-assisted assembly of discrete silicon microchips into a target receiving substrate and subsequent electrical contacting of the microchips by edge wire bonding, to create interconnections between the receiving substrate and the vertically oriented microchips. Vertical assembly is achieved by combining carefully designed microchip geometries for shape matching and striped patterns of the ferromagnetic material (nickel) on the backside of the microchips, enabling controlled vertical lifting directionality independently of the microchip's aspect ratio. To form electrical connections between the receiving substrate and a vertically assembled microchip, featuring standard metallic contact electrodes only on its frontside, an edge wire bonding process was developed to realize ball bonds on the top sidewall of the vertically placed microchip. The top sidewall features silicon trenches in correspondence to the frontside electrodes, which induce deformation of the free air balls and result in both mechanical ball bond fixation and around-the-edge metallic connections. The edge wire bonds are realized at room temperature and show minimal contact resistance (<0.2 Omega) and excellent mechanical robustness (>168mN in pull tests). In our approach, the microchips and the receiving substrate are independently manufactured using standard silicon micromachining processes and materials, with a subsequent heterogeneous integration of the components. Thus, this integration technology potentially enables emerging MEMS applications that require 3D out-of-plane assembly of microchips.
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| 8. |
- Rieke, Johanna Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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SLC20A1Is Involved in Urinary Tract and Urorectal Development
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 2296-634X. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies in developingXenopusand zebrafish reported that the phosphate transporterslc20a1ais expressed in pronephric kidneys. The recent identification ofSLC20A1as a monoallelic candidate gene for cloacal exstrophy further suggests its involvement in the urinary tract and urorectal development. However, little is known of the functional role ofSLC20A1in urinary tract development. Here, we investigated this using morpholino oligonucleotide knockdown of the zebrafish orthologslc20a1a. This caused kidney cysts and malformations of the cloaca. Moreover, in morphants we demonstrated dysfunctional voiding and hindgut opening defects mimicking imperforate anus in human cloacal exstrophy. Furthermore, we performed immunohistochemistry of an unaffected 6-week-old human embryo and detectedSLC20A1in the urinary tract and the abdominal midline, structures implicated in the pathogenesis of cloacal exstrophy. Additionally, we resequencedSLC20A1in 690 individuals with bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC) including 84 individuals with cloacal exstrophy. We identified two additional monoallelicde novovariants. One was identified in a case-parent trio with classic bladder exstrophy, and one additional novelde novovariant was detected in an affected mother who transmitted this variant to her affected son. To study the potential cellular impact ofSLC20A1variants, we expressed them in HEK293 cells. Here, phosphate transport was not compromised, suggesting that it is not a disease mechanism. However, there was a tendency for lower levels of cleaved caspase-3, perhaps implicating apoptosis pathways in the disease. Our results suggestSLC20A1is involved in urinary tract and urorectal development and implicateSLC20A1as a disease-gene for BEEC.
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| 9. |
- Surendran, Praveen, et al.
(författare)
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Discovery of rare variants associated with blood pressure regulation through meta-analysis of 1.3 million individuals
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 52:12, s. 1314-1332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic studies of blood pressure (BP) to date have mainly analyzed common variants (minor allele frequency > 0.05). In a meta-analysis of up to similar to 1.3 million participants, we discovered 106 new BP-associated genomic regions and 87 rare (minor allele frequency <= 0.01) variant BP associations (P < 5 x 10(-8)), of which 32 were in new BP-associated loci and 55 were independent BP-associated single-nucleotide variants within known BP-associated regions. Average effects of rare variants (44% coding) were similar to 8 times larger than common variant effects and indicate potential candidate causal genes at new and known loci (for example, GATA5 and PLCB3). BP-associated variants (including rare and common) were enriched in regions of active chromatin in fetal tissues, potentially linking fetal development with BP regulation in later life. Multivariable Mendelian randomization suggested possible inverse effects of elevated systolic and diastolic BP on large artery stroke. Our study demonstrates the utility of rare-variant analyses for identifying candidate genes and the results highlight potential therapeutic targets.
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