| 1. |
- Al-Jebari, Yahia, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of prostate cancer for men fathering through assisted reproduction: nationwide population based register study
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ: British Medical Journal. - : BMJ. - 1756-1833.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To compare the risk and severity of prostate cancer between men achieving fatherhood by assisted reproduction and men conceiving naturally.Design National register based cohort study.Setting Sweden from January 1994 to December 2014.Participants 1 181 490 children born alive in Sweden during 1994-2014 to the same number of fathers. Fathers were grouped according to fertility status by mode of conception: 20 618 by in vitro fertilisation (IVF), 14 882 by intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and 1 145 990 by natural conception.Main outcome measures Prostate cancer diagnosis, age of onset, and androgen deprivation therapy (serving as proxy for advanced or metastatic malignancy).Results Among men achieving fatherhood by IVF, by ICSI, and by non-assisted means, 77 (0.37%), 63 (0.42%), and 3244 (0.28%), respectively, were diagnosed as having prostate cancer. Mean age at onset was 55.9, 55.1, and 57.1 years, respectively. Men who became fathers through assisted reproduction had a statistically significantly increased risk of prostate cancer compared with men who conceived naturally (hazard ratio 1.64, 95% confidence interval 1.25 to 2.15, for ICSI; 1.33, 1.06 to 1.66, for IVF). They also had an increased risk of early onset disease (that is, diagnosis before age 55 years) (hazard ratio 1.86, 1.25 to 2.77, for ICSI; 1.51, 1.09 to 2.08, for IVF). Fathers who conceived through ICSI and developed prostate cancer received androgen deprivation therapy to at least the same extent as the reference group (odds ratio 1.91; P=0.07).Conclusions Men who achieved fatherhood through assisted reproduction techniques, particularly through ICSI, are at increased risk for early onset prostate cancer and thus constitute a risk group in which testing and careful long term follow-up for prostate cancer may be beneficial.
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| 2. |
- Andreucci, Alessandro, et al.
(författare)
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Cadmium may impair prostate function as measured by Prostate Specific Antigen in semen: a cross-sectional study among European and Inuit men.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Reproductive Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-1708 .- 0890-6238. ; 53:Feb 3, s. 33-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the association between cadmium in blood and the concentration of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) in semen, including the modifying effects of zinc or the CAG polymorphism in the androgen receptor (AR). Blood and semen samples were collected from 504 partners of pregnant women in Greenland, Poland and Ukraine. We found an inverse trend between cadmium and PSA (log (ß)= -0.121, 95% Confidence Interval (CI):-0.213; -0.029, P=0.0103) in Greenlandic men. Similar results were observed in men with a high number of CAG repeats (CAG 24) (log (ß)=-0.231, 95% CI:-0.363; -0.098, P=0.0009). Inverse trends between cadmium and PSA were found when semen zinc concentrations were below the median value for men from Ukraine and Greenland. These outcomes suggest that cadmium may impair prostate function, as measured by PSA in semen, while high zinc levels and a low number of CAG repeats protects against this action.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bentmar Holgersson, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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Lower prostate cancer risk in Swedish men with the androgen receptor E213 A-allele
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes & Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 28:3, s. 227-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a previous population-based study on 3369 European men with self-reported prostate cancer (PCa), it was shown that androgen receptor (AR) haplotype designated H2 was associated with high levels of serum PSA (prostate-specific antigen) concentration, and, at the same time, with low risk for PCa. The aim of this study was to replicate this finding in other cohorts, with registry-based cancer diagnosis. Using data from two population-based cohorts; the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS, n = 12,121) and the Swedish Osteoporotic fractures in men study (MrOS, n = 1,120), 628 men with PCa and 1,374 controls were identified and genotyped. PCa data were collected from the Swedish national cancer registry. PCa odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for carriers of the particular AR haplotype, tagged by the rs6624304 T-allele. The 15% of men who were carriers of the AR haplotype H2 had approximately one-third lower risk for PCa diagnosis compared to those with the most common H1 variant (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.45-0.94; p = 0.021). The same trend, although not statistically significant (OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.47-1.24; p = 0.275), was observed in MrOS Sweden. When both cohorts were merged, an even more significant result was observed (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.51-0.90; p = 0.008). Swedish men with the variant AR haplotype H2, tagged by rs6624304, have significantly lower risk of PCa compared to those with the more common variant.
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| 5. |
- Bixby, H., et al.
(författare)
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Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 569:7755, s. 260-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.
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| 6. |
- Bobjer, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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High Prevalence of Hypogonadism and Associated Impaired Metabolic and Bone Mineral Status in Subfertile Men.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical Endocrinology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2265 .- 0300-0664. ; 85:2, s. 189-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is yet unknown to which degree young subfertile men present with signs of hypogonadism and whether low testosterone concentration, like in older men, is associated with risk of osteoporosis and metabolic derangements in those subjects. The objective was, therefore, to investigate the prevalence of hypogonadism and its association with metabolic and bone parameters in young subfertile men.
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| 7. |
- Giwercman, Aleksander, et al.
(författare)
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Hypogonadism in young men treated for cancer.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Hormones: International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1109-3099. ; 14:4, s. 392-398
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- An ever-increasing proportion of young males treated for cancer are cured. Therefore, one of the major challenges of modern Clinical Oncology is to ensure good quality of life. Cancer disease per se as well as cancer treatment may have a negative impact on androgen production, thereby leading to subclinical or clinically overt hypogonadism. Since the symptoms of androgen deficiency are rather unspecific, it is important that reproductive hormone levels be checked in young men who have been treated for cancer. As androgen deficiency in men is associated with increased long-term risk of osteoporosis as well as cardiovascular and metabolic disease, those cancer survivors who present with signs of insufficient androgen production should be followed and preventive as well as therapeutic measures, including androgen replacement therapy, should be applied according to the current guidelines.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Leandersson Bogefors, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Androgen receptor gene CAG and GGN repeat lengths as predictors of recovery of spermatogenesis following testicular germ cell cancer treatment
- 2017
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Ingår i: Asian Journal of Andrology. - 1008-682X .- 1745-7262. ; 19:5, s. 538-542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spermatogenesis is an androgen-regulated process that depends on the action of androgen receptor (AR). Sperm production may be affected in men treated for testicular cancer (TC), and it is important to identify the factors influencing the timing of spermatogenesis recovery following cancer treatment. It is known that the CAG and GGN repeat numbers affect the activity of the AR; therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate if the CAG and GGN polymorphisms in the AR gene predict recovery of sperm production after TC treatment. TC patients (n = 130) delivered ejaculates at the following time points: postorchiectomy and at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 60 months posttherapy (T0, T6, T12, T24, T36, and T60). The CAG lengths were categorized into three groups, <22 CAG, 22-23 CAG, and >23 CAG, and the GGN tracts were also categorized into three groups, <23 GGN, 23 GGN, and >23 GGN. At T12, men with 22-23 CAG presented with a statistically significantly (P = 0.045) lower sperm concentration than those with other CAG numbers (8.4 × 10 6 ml-1 vs 16 × 10 6 ml-1 ; 95% CI: 1.01-2.65). This association was robust to omitting adjustment for treatment type and sperm concentration at T0 (P = 0.021; 3.7 × 10 6 ml-1 vs 10 × 10 6 ml-1 ; 95% CI: 1.13-4.90). The same trends were observed for total sperm number. The least active AR variant seems to be associated with a more rapid recovery of spermatogenesis. This finding adds to our understanding of the biology of postcancer therapy recovery of fertility in males and has clinical implications.
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| 10. |
- Levine, Hagai, et al.
(författare)
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Male reproductive health statement (XIIIth international symposium on Spermatology, may 9th-12th 2018, Stockholm, Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Basic and Clinical Andrology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2051-4190. ; 28:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On the occasion of the XIIIth International Symposium on Spermatology held from 9 to 13 May 2018 in Stockholm (Sweden), participants (guest speakers and audience) collectively felt the need to make a public statement on the general issue of male reproductive health. Our intention is to raise awareness of what we believe is a neglected area of research despite alarming situations around the world. The disclosure strategy desired by the co-authors is to bring it to the attention of the greatest number partly by considering co-publication in the various periodicals dealing with Reproductive Biology and Andrology. BaCA's editorial office accepted this mission and found it natural that our periodical, the official journal of the French Andrology Society (SALF), should carry this message.
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