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- Blanton, Michael R., et al.
(författare)
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Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV : Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe
- 2017
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Ingår i: Astronomical Journal. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0004-6256 .- 1538-3881. ; 154:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and. high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median z similar to 0.03). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between z similar to 0.6 and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs. and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the. Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July.
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| 2. |
- Seneviratne, Anusha N., et al.
(författare)
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Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 Controls Necrotic Core Formation in Atherosclerotic Lesions by Impairing Efferocytosis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Circulation. - 0009-7322. ; 136:5, s. 1140-1154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND—: Myeloid cells are central to atherosclerotic lesion development and vulnerable plaque formation. Impaired ability of arterial phagocytes to uptake apoptotic cells (efferocytosis), promotes lesion growth and establishment of a necrotic core. The transcription factor Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF)-5 is an important modulator of myeloid function and programming. We sought to investigate whether IRF5 affects the formation and phenotype of atherosclerotic lesions. METHODS—: We investigated the role of IRF5 in atherosclerosis in two complementary models. First, atherosclerotic lesion development in hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE) mice and ApoE mice with a genetic deletion of IRF5 (ApoEIrf5) was compared then lesion development was assessed in a model of shear stress modulated vulnerable plaque formation. RESULTS—: Both lesion size and necrotic core size were significantly reduced in ApoEIrf5 mice compared to IRF5 competent ApoE mice. Necrotic core size was also reduced in the model of shear stress modulated vulnerable plaque formation. A significant loss of CD11c macrophages was evident in ApoEIrf5 mice in the aorta, draining lymph nodes and in bone marrow cell cultures, indicating that IRF5 maintains CD11c macrophages in atherosclerosis. Moreover, we revealed that the CD11c gene is a direct target of IRF5 in macrophages. In the absence of IRF5, CD11c macrophages displayed a significant increase in expression of the efferocytosis regulating integrin-β3 and its ligand milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 protein (Mfge8) and enhanced efferocytosis in vitro and in situ. CONCLUSIONS—: IRF5 is detrimental in atherosclerosis by promoting the maintenance of pro-inflammatory CD11c+ macrophages within lesions and controlling the expansion of the necrotic core by impairing efferocytosis.Circulation is published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.
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