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- Mahmoodi, Bakhtawar K., et al.
(författare)
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Association of Factor V Leiden With Subsequent Atherothrombotic Events A GENIUS-CHD Study of Individual Participant Data
- 2020
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Ingår i: Circulation. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 142:6, s. 546-555
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies examining the role of factor V Leiden among patients at higher risk of atherothrombotic events, such as those with established coronary heart disease (CHD), are lacking. Given that coagulation is involved in the thrombus formation stage on atherosclerotic plaque rupture, we hypothesized that factor V Leiden may be a stronger risk factor for atherothrombotic events in patients with established CHD.Methods: We performed an individual-level meta-analysis including 25 prospective studies (18 cohorts, 3 case-cohorts, 4 randomized trials) from the GENIUS-CHD (Genetics of Subsequent Coronary Heart Disease) consortium involving patients with established CHD at baseline. Participating studies genotyped factor V Leiden status and shared risk estimates for the outcomes of interest using a centrally developed statistical code with harmonized definitions across studies. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to obtain age- and sex-adjusted estimates. The obtained estimates were pooled using fixed-effect meta-analysis. The primary outcome was composite of myocardial infarction and CHD death. Secondary outcomes included any stroke, ischemic stroke, coronary revascularization, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality.Results: The studies included 69 681 individuals of whom 3190 (4.6%) were either heterozygous or homozygous (n=47) carriers of factor V Leiden. Median follow-up per study ranged from 1.0 to 10.6 years. A total of 20 studies with 61 147 participants and 6849 events contributed to analyses of the primary outcome. Factor V Leiden was not associated with the combined outcome of myocardial infarction and CHD death (hazard ratio, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.92-1.16];I-2=28%;P-heterogeneity=0.12). Subgroup analysis according to baseline characteristics or strata of traditional cardiovascular risk factors did not show relevant differences. Similarly, risk estimates for the secondary outcomes including stroke, coronary revascularization, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality were also close to identity.Conclusions: Factor V Leiden was not associated with increased risk of subsequent atherothrombotic events and mortality in high-risk participants with established and treated CHD. Routine assessment of factor V Leiden status is unlikely to improve atherothrombotic events risk stratification in this population.
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- Sang, Yan Fang, et al.
(författare)
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What Caused the Decline of Water Level of Yamzho Yumco During 1975–2012 in the Southern Tibetan Plateau?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. - 2169-897X .- 2169-8996. ; 125:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ©2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Variability of water balance in closed lakes in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) can be a useful indicator of climate change. While most of lakes over the TP have been expanding, especially in the inner TP, the Yamzho Yumco in the Southern TP faced a significant water level decline in 1975–2012. This study focused on attribution of the water level changes to various factors with the help of a physically based and a statistical model for the water balance of the lake, along with observed precipitation and lake surface evaporation data. Results showed that climatic conditions dominated the changes in water level until 1997, and human activity through the construction and operation of a hydropower station started to play a strong role after 1998. The lake level has gone up and down due to changes in precipitation-generated recharge and evaporation over the study period. The water level decline in 1975–1997 was mainly due to low level of the recharge from precipitation and land runoff. However, the drastic decline of water level in 2006–2012 was far from the reach of the climatic conditions. It was indeed caused by the intensified influence of the building and operation of a nearby hydropower station. It was also found that the water level change during the whole period (1975–2012) followed the aridity index for the basin, especially before 1989. This provides an effective way to predict future changes of lake level, if reliable projections for future climate change and human activity are available.
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- Zhang, Chi, et al.
(författare)
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Five tips for China to realize its co-targets of climate mitigation and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Geography and Sustainability. - : Elsevier BV. - 2096-7438 .- 2666-6839. ; 1:3, s. 245-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2018, a total of US$166 billion global economic losses and a new high of 55.3 Gt of CO2 equivalent emission were generated by 831 climate-related extreme events. As the world's largest CO2 emitter, we reported China's recent progresses and pitfalls in climate actions to achieve climate mitigation targets (i.e., limit warming to 1.52 degrees C above the pre-industrial level). We first summarized China's integrated actions (2015 onwards) that benefit both climate change mitigation and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These projects include re-structuring organizations, establishing working goals and actions, amending laws and regulations at national level, as well as increasing social awareness at community level. We then pointed out the shortcomings in different regions and sectors. Based on these analyses, we proposed five recommendations to help China improving its climate policy strategies, which include: 1) restructuring the economy to balance short-term and long-term conflicts; 2) developing circular economy with recycling mechanism and infrastructure; 3) building up unified national standards and more accurate indicators; 4) completing market mechanism for green economy and encouraging green consumption; and 5) enhancing technology innovations and local incentives via bottom-up actions.
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