| 1. |
- Jönsson, Johanna, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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From fossil to biogenic feedstock - Exploring Different Technology Pathways for a Swedish Chemical Cluster
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of ECEEE industrial summer study.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a case study of the chemical cluster in Stenungsund, Sweden. The cluster is Sweden’s largest agglomeration of its kind and consists of five companies producing a variety of chemical products. For the cluster, different options for enhanced energy efficiency and converting to biogenic feedstock are investigated. Based on these options, nine different technology pathways are defined – representing different ways to fully or partly transform the cluster into an energy efficient biorefinery. For the pathways an impact analysis is made in which the pathways are analysed and discussed from different perspectives. The results show that up to 120 MW of heat can be saved if the plants were to implement extensive heat integration measures. This is equal to ~100% of the heat currently supplied by boilers based on purchased fuels. With moderate enhancement of the heat integration, roughly half of this potential can be reached. In the fossil feedstock is to be replaced with biogenic feedstock the feedstock demand is extensive, however, the exact amount and type of feedstock depends on the technology chosen, degree of heat integration and on whether full or partial substitution is to be achieved. Full substitution of the fossil ethylene demand by ethylene based on imported bioethanol would for example demand ~1 230 kt-bioethanol/yr. If the ethanol for the ethanol-to-ethylene process were to be produced on site (based on lignocellulosic biomass), 4 725 kt-dry biomass/yr of forest biomass would be required (more than the biomass demand for four large pulp and paper mills). The results also show that the scenarios for enhanced heat integration and introduction of biogenic feedstock, to different extents, are interdependent. Furthermore, one important finding from the impact analysis is that regardless of which pathway the cluster wants to travel in their journey towards sustainable chemistry, collaboration is a key issue.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Viktor, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated Algae Cultivation for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Biofuels Production in Industrial Clusters
- 2012
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Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Forum, WREF 2012. - 9781622760923 ; 1, s. 684-691
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a case study on biofuels production from microalgae cultivated in municipal wastewater in Gothenburg, Sweden. A) Combined biodiesel and biogas production and B) only biogas production, are compared in terms of product outputs, impact on global CO2 emissions reduction and economic performance. Land-use efficiency of biofuels from microalgae was compared with other biofuel production routes. The biofuel production process is assumed to be integrated with a wastewater treatment plant and an industrial cluster, providing the opportunity to reduce the CO2 emissions of the process compared to stand-alone operation.The results show that case A is advantageous in terms of all the studied factors. A higher area efficiency of algae biofuels production routes compared to other biofuel production routes was shown. Nutrient availability in municipal wastewater is shown to be the limiting factor regarding product output. The competitive advantage of co-location with a wastewater treatment plant is clearly shown.
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| 3. |
- Hackl, Roman, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Framework methodology for increased energy efficiency and renewable feedstock integration in industrial clusters
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Conference on Applied Energy ICEA 2012, Jul 5-8, 2012, Suzhou, China. ; , s. 11-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy intensive industries, such as the bulk chemical industry, are facing major challenges. The chemical cluster in Stenungsund on the West coast of Sweden recently adopted a common vision called “Sustainable Chemistry 2030”. The cluster consists of 5 different companies operating 6 process plants. There is a wide range of technologies and process integration opportunities available for improving the clusters overall performance, including (i) decreasing fossil fuel and electricity demand by increasing heat integration within individual processes and across the total site; (ii) replacing fossil feedstocks with renewables and biorefinery integration with the existing cluster; (iii) increased external utilization of excess process heat wherever possible. This paper presents an overview of the use of process integration methods for the holistic development of the cluster. The framework methodology is based on a Total Site Analysis (TSA) study, in which the cluster’s current energy system was analysed and measures for site-wide energy efficiency improvement were identified. TSA showed that up to 129 MW of heat can be recovered by site-wide energy efficiency measures, theoretically eliminating the cluster’s demand for external boiler fuel. Pinch analysis of a single plant showed hot utility savings potential of 38 % of the current demand. Heat integration investments with a pay-back period of 0.4 to 1.2 years could cover up to 83 % (6.5 MWheat) of the identified savings potential.A process integration study on replacing fossil based ethylene in the cluster by bio-ethylene produced via fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass and ethanol dehydration showed that the heating demand of the bio-ethylene process can be reduced by 37 % if the both process steps are integrated. TSA showed that 9 MW of excess heat from the cluster can be used to replace hot utility in the biorefinery.A total of 226 MWexcess heat above 50 °C is available from the cluster that can be used, e.g. for district heating, low temperature refrigeration/electricity generation, heat pumping or biomass drying
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| 4. |
- Hackl, Roman, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Total Site Analysis (TSA) and Exergy Analysis for Shaft Work and Associated Steam and Electricity Savings in Low Temperature Processes in Industrial Clusters
- 2012
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Transactions. - 2283-9216 .- 2283-9216. ; 29, s. 73-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low temperature process cooling is an energy demanding part in many chemical production processes. Cooling systems operating at very low temperatures consume a large amount of high quality energy such as electricity or high pressure steam, used to drive refrigeration compressor units. Hence decreasing refrigeration load can make a major improvement on the process energy balance. In industrial process clusters with several processes operating at low temperatures, it is important to investigate opportunities for exchange of low-temperature energy between processes. This paper presents an investigation for a chemical cluster located in Stenungsund on the West Coast of Sweden. One chemical plant within the cluster operates two compression refrigeration systems at its steam cracker plant. One system is a propylene-based system with three temperature levels between 9 °C and -40 °C, driven by high pressure steam turbine drivers with a capacity of ca. 22 MW. The other is an ethylene refrigeration system with three temperature levels between -62 °C and -100 °C, electrically driven with a capacity of ca. 4.5 MW.A previous Total Site Analysis (TSA) study of the cluster focused on integration opportunities within the cluster above ambient temperature, thereby decreasing the overall hot utility and cooling water and air demand. Utility savings below ambient temperature were not investigated in detail. This paper demonstrates how Heat Integration (HI) tools such as TSA and exergy analysis can be applied to target for shaft work and hot utility savings for processes and utility systems operating below ambient temperature. In total a savings potential corresponding to 15 % of the total shaft work consumption of the refrigeration systems was identified. In addition ca. 6.3 MW of utility steam which is currently used for sub-ambient process heating can be saved in addition to shaft work savings.
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