| 1. |
- Gustafsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Are athletes burning out with passion?
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Sport Science. - Campaign, Ill. : Human Kinetics. - 1746-1391 .- 1536-7290. ; 11:6, s. 387-395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Passion is a strong motivational force towards an activity considered very important, possibly to the extent that the activity forms a part of an individual’s identity. Two forms of passion, harmonious and obsessive, are thought to lead to different cognitive and affective responses. Although being passionate about sport appears to be important from a motivational perspective, it possibly also increases the risk for burnout, which is a negative consequence blamed partly on too much training and inadequate recovery. The question voiced in this study is whether harmonious passion and obsessive passion pose equal risks for burnout. Participants were 94 female and 164 male competitive athletes from 21 sports. The results, analysed using partial correlation and multivariate analyses of variance, showed that athletes with an obsessive passion scored higher on a burnout inventory than did harmoniously passionate athletes. Obsessively passionate athletes also scored higher on perceived stress and negative affect, and lower on positive affect. These findings support the assumption that even though the two forms of passion may be an integral part of elite sports, athletes scoring high on obsessive passion may be at greater risk of developing burnout than more harmoniously passionate athletes. Burning bright and burning out can thus be seen as two potential consequences for athletes driven by passion. Athletes and coaches who are aware of this may be better equipped to avoid the potential negative consequences associated with too much stress and too little recovery.
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| 2. |
- Hassmén, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Idrottsledarskap
- 2010. - 1
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 3. |
- Carlbring, Per, et al.
(författare)
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The effects on depression of Internet-administered behavioural activation and physical exercise with treatment rationale and relapse prevention : study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
- 2013
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Ingår i: Trials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6215. ; 14, s. 35-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Despite their potential as low-threshold, low-cost and high-flexibility treatments of depression, behavioural activation and physical exercise have not yet been directly compared. This study will examine the effects of these interventions, administered via the Internet. The added effect of providing a treatment rationale will also be studied, as well as a relapse prevention program featuring cognitive behavioural therapy components.Methods/Design: This randomised controlled trial will include 500 participants meeting the diagnostic criteria for major depression, recruited in multiple cycles and randomised to either a waiting list control group with delayed treatment, or one of the four treatment groups: (1) physical exercise without a clear treatment rationale; (2) physical exercise with treatment rationale; (3) behavioural activation with treatment rationale; or (4) behavioural activation without a clear treatment rationale. Post treatment, half of the participants will be offered a relapse prevention program. Primary outcome measure will be the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item. Secondary measures include diagnostic criteria for depression, as well as self-reported anxiety, physical activity and quality of life. Measurements - done via telephone and the Internet - will be collected pre-treatment, weekly during treatment period, immediately post treatment and then monthly during a 24-month follow-up period.Discussion: The results of this study will constitute an important contribution to the body of knowledge of the respective interventions. Limitations are discussed.
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| 4. |
- Gustafsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Athlete burnout : an integrated model and future research directions
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology. - : Routledge Taylor and Francis Group. - 1750-984X .- 1750-9858. ; 4:1, s. 3-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Athlete burnout is a multifaceted phenomenon. As a consequence, several attempts have been made to describe it from both a process and a state perspective. A number of theories and models exist that deal with the process of burning out and/or its antecedents. When viewed separately, the presented findings may be perceived as contradicting each other, or at best as confusing. To advance the field, we offer a comprehensive review of what is presently known within the area of athlete burnout and what new knowledge is needed. Furthermore, we suggest an integrated model of athlete burnout. This model includes major antecedents, early signs, consequences, and factors related to personality, coping and the environment. Our purpose is not to present the definitive model but to create a conceptual understanding of the field as it is seen today, and thereby stimulate empirical research to further advance the knowledge base.
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| 5. |
- Gustafsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the relationship between hope and burnout in competitive sport
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Sports Sciences. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0264-0414 .- 1466-447X. ; 28:14, s. 1495-1504
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Researchers have postulated that hope may be an important factor associated with burnout. Consistent with hope theory contentions, low-hope individuals may be susceptible to burnout because they are prone to experience goal blockage, frustration, and negative affect, all of which likely increase the risk of burnout. We examined the relationship between hope and athlete burnout among 178 competitive athletes (63 females and 115 males) aged 15-20 years. Hope was significantly and negatively correlated with all three burnout subscales: emotional/physical exhaustion, a reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation. Moreover, results of a multivariate analysis of variance showed that low-hope athletes scored significantly higher than medium- and high-hope athletes on all three burnout dimensions. Finally, results revealed that agency thinking was a significant predictor of all burnout dimensions. Frustration over unmet goals and a perceived lack of agency, a characteristic of low-hope athletes, might pose a risk factor in athlete burnout, whereas being able to maintain hope appears to be associated with health and well-being.
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| 6. |
- Hassmén, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Lyft fram ledarens ljusa sidor
- 2013
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Ingår i: Svensk Idrottsforskning. - Stockholm : Centrum för idrottsforskning. - 1103-4629. ; :4, s. 32-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Hassmén, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Praktisk idrottspsykologi
- 2011. - 1
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Ingår i: Vinnare i långa loppet. - Stockholm : SISU Idrottsböcker. - 9789186323141 ; , s. 40-71
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Hassmén, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Psykologisk forskning
- 2014
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Ingår i: Från Kungl. Gymnastiska Centralinstitutet till Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan. - Stockholm : Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH. ; , s. 240-244
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 9. |
- Hjälm, Sören, 1957-
(författare)
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Utbrändhet och återhämtning bland elitfotbollstränare
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Only a small number of studies dealing with burnout among coaches have been published, and none of these have dealt with burnout among elite soccer coaches in a European context. This thesis – investigating both the burnout and recovery process – includes a longitudinal design spanning ten years. Out of 53 head coaches, from elite soccer teams in Sweden, 47 participated in study 1. Results showed that burnout scores assessed by Maslachs Burnout Inventory (MBI) were generally low, but coaches in women’s premier league showed significantly higher levels of emotional exhaustion than coaches in men’s soccer teams. A sub-sample of these 47 coaches was interviewed for study 2, namely those 8 reporting the highest MBI scores. Characteristics of the elite coach professions personality traits and the allover life situation of the coach were identified as risk factors for developing burnout, as well as some retention factors, risking to create detention effects which might worsen the stress levels of the coach. In study 3 and 4, the burnout and recovery processes were examined, respectively. On the basis of descriptions from the coaches, three separate phases are discerned from the burnout process: a phase of restlessness and annoyance, a fatigue phase and finally a phase of exhaustion and burnout, while it is possible to make out four phases in the recovery process: a wake-up process, a phase removing one-self, a phase of reflection and evaluation, and finally a phase of new-orienting one-self. Study 5 revealed that both energy cost reducing strategies and energy boosting activities, were used by the coaches to prevent burnout. Study 6 showed that lack of sufficient recovery periods inhibited a lowering of the burnout levels, but also that lack of adequate coping strategies slowed the recovery process and also that coaches who have experienced burnout have an impaired professional efficiency. Finally, the focus in study 7 was on longterm consequences of burning out. Increased fatigue, diseases, cognitive impairment and a lower stress tolerance were examples of negative consequences, whereas an improved ability to identify stress causes and an enhanced awareness about one’s stress reactions, as well as to reflect and prioritize health, were examples of positive and favourable consequences. It is also urgent that elite clubs strive to create a good psycho-social work environment, which will function as a buffer against stress.
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Acute Effects of Qigong Exercise on Mood and Anxiety
- 2011
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Ingår i: Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology. - : American Psychological Association. - 2157-3913. ; 1, s. 60-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychosocial stress may lead to increased rates of anxiety and depression. Aerobic exercise and mind-body therapies are frequently described as having positive effects on psychological well-being by enhancing mood and reducing anxiety. Few studies, however, have investigated the acute psychological effects of qigong exercise. Fiftynine regular qigong exercisers (mean age 50.8 years) were randomized to a Qigong or Control group. Pre- and postmeasurements were then compared. POMS-Depression, Anger, and Fatigue, and STAI-State Anxiety scores decreased significantly in the Qigong group but not in the Control group. Results thereby suggest that qigong exercise can produce desirable psychological effects, and Qigong exercise may therefore be included among other activities performed to boost resistance to daily stressors.
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