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- Henriksson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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A pilot study of facial, cranial and brain MRI morphometry in men with schizophrenia: Part 2.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7123 .- 0925-4927 .- 0165-1781. ; 147:2-3, s. 187-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This pilot study applies a new 3D morphometric MR method to test the hypothesis that men with schizophrenia (vs. controls) have deviant facial shapes and landmark relations in cranio/facialibrain (CFB) regions. This constitutes Part 2 of paired articles in this issue of Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, in which Part 1 presents the new method in detail. MRI coordinates from CFB landmarks of 23 patients and 15 controls were identified and then aligned with the Procrustes model, leaving shape as the only unitless geometrical information. Men with schizophrenia had significantly longer mid- and lower-facial heights, and greater lower (left) facial depth, with a tendency toward rotation along the facial midline. This supports findings from earlier anthropometric and 3D studies of the "exterior" (face). In contrast, none of the patient-control differences for the new "interior" (cranial-brain) distances reached statistical significance. These results need to be retested on a larger sample of both sexes. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Wadell, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Group training in patients with COPD : long-term effects of decreased training frequency
- 2005
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 27:10, s. 571-581
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose.To investigate effects of decreased training frequency in patients with COPD. Methods.Forty-three COPD patients participated in a controlled study. The intervention group (30 patients) trained 3 times a week during 3 months and once a week during 6 months. Before, after 3 and 9 months all patients performed walking tests, cycle ergometer tests and responded questionnaires on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (SGRQ, SF-36). Results.At 9 months compared to 3 months there were no changes in distance walked in the groups. Both groups decreased their VO2peak and the training group deteriorated in HRQoL. At 9 months compared to baseline the training group showed increased distance walked compared to the control group. In the disease-specific SGRQ the training group tended to improve their activity score while the control group tended to deteriorate in total score. In SF-36 the control group decreased their physical component score. Conclusion.Training once a week does not seem to be sufficient to maintain the level achieved after the 3-month period of training in COPD patients. However, training once a week during 6 months preceded by 3 months of high frequency training seems to prevent deterioration in physical capacity and HRQoL compared to baseline. Further studies are needed to investigate how to best sustain the benefits gained after physical training.
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| 5. |
- Wadell, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Muscle performance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : Effects of a physical training programme
- 2005
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Ingår i: Advances in Physiotherapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1403-8196 .- 1651-1948. ; 7:2, s. 51-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main aim was to evaluate how thigh muscle performance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is affected after a 3-month training programme. Another aim was to investigate if responders to training could be discriminated from non-responders. Thirty patients participated in high-intensity physical training in water or on land, three times per week, and 13 patients constituted a non-training control group. Maximal dynamic strength and endurance in thigh muscles were tested in an isokinetic dynamometer (KinCom) before and after training. At baseline, physical and pulmonary function were tested and used in the analysis of responders/non-responders. Maximal knee flexion strength improved in both training groups, whereas knee extension was improved in the land and control group. Sixty-four percent of all patients were not able to complete the muscle endurance test at baseline and no change was seen in muscle endurance after training within or between groups. A normal body mass index seemed to predict an improvement in muscle performance in responders. We conclude that physical training in water and on land is effective regarding maximal thigh muscle strength in COPD patients. BMI seems to be a discriminating factor for an increased muscle strength. Thigh muscle endurance was decreased in the majority of the patients and did not improve with the evaluated training programme.
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| 9. |
- Forsberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Landmark-Based Software for Anatomical Measurements : A Precision Study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y. Print). - : Wiley. - 0897-3806 .- 1098-2353. ; 22:4, s. 456-462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to develop a software program, called Landmarker, which would aid studies of complex anatomical morphometry by simplifying the manual identification of landmarks in 3D images. We also tested its precision on routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. To understand human biological variation, there is a need to identify morphological characteristics from the exterior and the interior of human anatomy. MRI, as opposed to other radiographic methods (mainly based on X-ray techniques), supplies good soft tissue contrast, which allows for more complex assessments than what bony landmarks can provide. Because automation of this assessment is highly demanding, one of the primary goals for the new software was to enable more rapid identification of landmark sets in 3D image data. Repeat acquisition of head MRIs having a resolution of 0.94 x 0.94 x 1.20 mm3 were performed on 10 volunteers. Intra- and interoperator, as well as interacquisition variations of manual identification of exterior, craniofacial interior, and brain landmarks were studied. The average distances between landmarks were <1.8 mm, <2.3 mm, and <2.0 mm in the intra- and interoperator, and interacquisition evaluations, respectively. This study presents new software for time efficient identification of complex craniofacial landmarks in 3D MRI. To the best of our knowledge, no evaluation of software for rapid landmark-based analysis of complex anatomies from 3D MR data has yet been presented. This software may also be useful for studies in other anatomical regions and for other types of image data.
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| 10. |
- Gilenstam, Kajsa, 1974-
(författare)
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Gender and physiology in ice hockey : a multidimensional study
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background That men are prioritised over women has been called the “gender regime in sport”, and has in part been explained by the gender difference in performance. However, gender differences in physical performance between women and men can be debated to depend on how comparisons are made and on the fact that there are many different confounders that may influence the results. Even if attempts are made to overcome this and the groups of women and men are stated to be matched, there are still often differences in training experience in years, or differences in training load. Women tend to have less experience in ice hockey in relation to age and differences in training conditions have also been reported. The aim of this thesis was to investigate how female and male ice hockey players position themselves in their sport and to visualise the interactions between society and biology that may affect performance. Theoretical approach and methods Harding’s three perspectives (Symbolic, Structural and Individual) were applied on information from team administration as well as on results from questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and tests of puck velocity, anthropometrics, body composition, isokinetic muscle strength, ergospirometry and on-ice tests from female and male ice hockey players. Results Vast differences in structural conditions were found, for example in hockey history and in the financial situation within the teams and both women and men were aware of the gender differences in structural conditions. However these differences were not even considered when comparisons of the ice hockey performance of women and men were made. Nine out of ten female players increased puck velocity when a more flexible stick and a lighter puck were used thus indicating that poorly adjusted equipment may affect performance. Male ice hockey players were taller, heavier and stronger, had more lean body mass and a higher aerobic capacity compared to the women in absolute values as well as in relation to body weight. However, the differences diminished or disappeared when the values were expressed in relation to lean body mass. Men had higher expectations on their situation as athletes and the interviewed women described men’s ice hockey as superior to theirs and consequently male ice hockey players deserved better conditions. Conclusions The views of women and men may affect structural conditions in sport which in turn may affect possibilities in sport for the individual. Gender differences in conditions thus risk confirming the traditional views of femininity and masculinity. However, by moving outside the normal gender boundaries individuals may change the traditional views of femininity and masculinity.
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