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- Rosqvist, Fredrik, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Abdominal Fat and Metabolic Health Markers but Not PNPLA3 Genotype Predicts Liver Fat Accumulation in Response to Excess Intake of Energy and Saturated Fat in Healthy Individuals
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Nutrition. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-861X. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Saturated fat (SFA) has consistently been shown to increase liver fat, but the response appears variable at the individual level. Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics have been demonstrated to modify the hypercholesterolemic effect of SFA but it is unclear which characteristics that predict liver fat accumulation in response to a hypercaloric diet high in SFA.Objective: To identify predictors of liver fat accumulation in response to an increased intake of SFA.Design: We pooled our two previously conducted double-blind randomized trials (LIPOGAIN and LIPOGAIN-2, clinicaltrials.gov NCT01427140 and NCT02211612) and used data from the n = 49 metabolically healthy men (n = 32) and women (n = 17) randomized to a hypercaloric diet through addition of SFA-rich muffins for 7-8 weeks. Associations between clinical and metabolic variables at baseline and changes in liver fat during the intervention were analyzed using Spearman rank correlation. Linear regression was used to generate a prediction model.Results: Liver fat increased by 33% (IQR 5.4-82.7%; P < 0.0001) in response to excess energy intake and this was not associated (r = 0.17, P = 0.23) with the increase in body weight (1.9 kg; IQR 1.1-2.9 kg). Liver fat accumulation was similar (P = 0.28) in carriers (33%, IQR 14-79%) and non-carriers (33%, IQR -11 to +87%) of the PNPLA3-I148M variant. Baseline visceral and liver fat content, as well as levels of the liver enzyme gamma-glutamyl transferase (GT), were the strongest positive predictors of liver fat accumulation-in contrast, adiponectin and the fatty acid 17:0 in adipose tissue were the only negative predictors in univariate analyses. A regression model based on eight clinical and metabolic variables could explain 81% of the variation in liver fat accumulation.Conclusion: Our results suggest there exists a highly inter-individual variation in the accumulation of liver fat in metabolically healthy men and women, in response to an increased energy intake from SFA and carbohydrates that occurs over circa 2 months. This marked variability in liver fat accumulation could largely be predicted by a set of clinical (e.g., GT and BMI) and metabolic (e.g., fatty acids, HOMA-IR, and adiponectin) variables assessed at baseline.
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| 2. |
- Rydell, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma proteomics and lung function in four community-based cohorts
- 2021
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Underlying mechanism leading to impaired lung function are incompletely understood.OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether protein profiling can provide novel insights into mechanisms leading to impaired lung function.METHODS: We used four community-based studies (n = 2552) to investigate associations between 79 cardiovascular/inflammatory proteins and forced expiratory volume in 1 s percent predicted (FEV1%) assessed by spirometry. We divided the cohorts into discovery and replication samples and used risk factor-adjusted linear regression corrected for multiple comparison (false discovery rate of 5%). We performed Mendelian randomization analyses using genetic and spirometry data from the UK Biobank (n = 421,986) to assess causality.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In cross-sectional analysis, 22 proteins were associated with lower FEV1% in both the discovery and replication sample, regardless of stratification by smoking status. The combined proteomic data cumulatively explained 5% of the variation in FEV1%. In longitudinal analyses (n = 681), higher plasma levels of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) predicted a more rapid 5-year decline in lung function (change in FEV1% per standard deviation of protein level -1.4, (95% CI, -2.5 to -0.3) for GDF-15, and -0.8, (95% CI, -1.5 to -0.2) for IL-6. Mendelian randomization analysis in UK-biobank provided support for a causal effect of increased GDF-15 levels and reduced FEV1%.CONCLUSIONS: Our combined approach identified GDF-15 as a potential causal factor in the development of impaired lung function in the general population. These findings encourage additional studies evaluating the role of GDF-15 as a causal factor for impaired lung function.
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| 3. |
- Schoeneck, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Response to La Sala and Pontiroli
- 2021
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Ingår i: NMCD. Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. - : Elsevier. - 0939-4753 .- 1590-3729. ; 31:9, s. 2733-2734
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Schoeneck, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of foods on LDL cholesterol levels : A systematic review of the accumulated evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials
- 2021
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Ingår i: NMCD. Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. - : Elsevier. - 0939-4753 .- 1590-3729. ; 31:5, s. 1325-1338
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To systematically evaluate the evidence regarding the effects of foods on LDL cholesterol levels and to compare the findings with current guidelines. Data synthesis: From inception through June 2019, we searched PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for guidelines, systematic reviews, and RCTs (for coffee intake only) of at least 13 days duration. Additionally, we searched Trip database for guidelines from 2009 through Oct 2019. Language was restricted to English. The strength of evidence was evaluated using The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Devel-opment, and Evaluation (GRADE). A total of 37 guidelines, 108 systematic reviews, and 20 RCTs were included. With high evidence, foods high in unsaturated and low in saturated and trans fatty acids (e.g. rapeseed/canola oil), with added plant sterols/stanols, and high in soluble fiber (e.g. oats, barley, and psyllium) caused at least moderate (i.e. 0.20-0.40 mmol/L) reductions in LDL cholesterol. Unfiltered coffee caused a moderate to large increase. Soy protein, tomatoes, flaxseeds, and almonds caused small reductions. With moderate evidence, avocados and turmeric caused moderate to large reductions. Pulses, hazelnuts, walnuts, high -fiber/ wholegrain foods, and green tea caused small to moderate reductions, whereas sugar caused a small increase. Other identified foods were either neutral or had low or very low evidence regarding their effects. Conclusions: Several foods distinctly modify LDL cholesterol levels. The results may aid future guidelines and dietary advice for hypercholesterolemia. (c) 2021 The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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