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- Hillier, Ladeana W, et al.
(författare)
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Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 432:7018, s. 695-716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present here a draft genome sequence of the red jungle fowl, Gallus gallus. Because the chicken is a modern descendant of the dinosaurs and the first non-mammalian amniote to have its genome sequenced, the draft sequence of its genome--composed of approximately one billion base pairs of sequence and an estimated 20,000-23,000 genes--provides a new perspective on vertebrate genome evolution, while also improving the annotation of mammalian genomes. For example, the evolutionary distance between chicken and human provides high specificity in detecting functional elements, both non-coding and coding. Notably, many conserved non-coding sequences are far from genes and cannot be assigned to defined functional classes. In coding regions the evolutionary dynamics of protein domains and orthologous groups illustrate processes that distinguish the lineages leading to birds and mammals. The distinctive properties of avian microchromosomes, together with the inferred patterns of conserved synteny, provide additional insights into vertebrate chromosome architecture.
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| 4. |
- Jacobson, Peter, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Melanocortin 4 receptor sequence variations are seldom a cause of human obesity: the Swedish Obese Subjects, the HERITAGE Family Study, and a Memphis cohort.
- 2002
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - 0021-972X. ; 87:10, s. 4442-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevalence of mutations within and in the flanking regions of the gene encoding the melanocortin 4 receptor was investigated in severely obese and normal-weight subjects from the Swedish Obese Subjects study, the Health, Risk Factors, Exercise Training, and Genetics (HERITAGE) Family study, and a Memphis cohort. A total of 433 white and 95 black subjects (94% females) were screened for mutations by direct sequencing. Three previously described missense variants and nine novel (three missense, six silent) variants were detected. None of them showed significant association with obesity or related phenotypes. In addition, two novel deletions were found in two heterozygous obese women: a -65_-64delTG mutation within the 5' noncoding region and a 171delC frameshift mutation predicted to result in a truncated nonfunctional receptor. No pathogenic mutations were found among obese blacks or nonobese controls. Furthermore, none of the null mutations found in other populations was present in this sample. In conclusion, our results do not support the prevailing notion that sequence variation in the melanocortin 4 receptor gene is a frequent cause of human obesity.
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| 5. |
- James, S, et al.
(författare)
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Luminescence control in the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri: An analysis of the dynamics of lux regulation
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1089-8638 .- 0022-2836. ; 296:4, s. 1127-1137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A mathematical model has been developed based on the fundamental properties of the control system formed by the lux genes and their products in Vibrio fischeri. The model Clearly demonstrates how the components of this system work together to create two, stable metabolic states corresponding to the expression of the luminescent and non-luminescent phenotypes. It is demonstrated how the cell can "switch" between these steady states due to changes in parameters describing metabolic processes and the extracellular concentration of the signal molecule N-3-oxohexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone. Ln addition, it is shown how these parameters influence how sensitive the switch mechanism is to cellular LuxR and N-3-oxohexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone and complex concentration. While these properties could lead to the collective phenomenon known as quorum sensing, the model also predicts that under certain metabolic circumstances, basal expression of the lux genes could cause a cell to luminesce in the absence of extracellular signal molecule. Finally, the model developed in this study provides a basis for analysing the impact of other levels of control upon lux regulation. (C) 2000 Academic Press.
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- Kahn, Joel S., et al.
(författare)
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Anthropology and Modernity1/Comments/Reply
- 2001
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Ingår i: Current Anthropology. ; 42:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Â Against those who have taken anthropologists to task for flirting with the "meta-narratives" of modernity, this article argues that it is incumbent on them to engage with both modernity and modernist narratives far more directly and explicitly than in the past. This holds even, or especially, for those who, in positing a notion of multiple modernities, have managed to hold modernist narrative at arm’s length, neglecting the potential fruitfulness of juxtaposing Western and non-Western experiences of what Habermas has called the project of modernity. The encounter between anthropology and modernity is generated on the one hand by changes in the lives of the subjects of ethnographic research, but the fact of these changes raises more searching questions about whether ethnographers ever studied genuinely premodern peoples and cultures. The reflexive imperative, moreover, confirms the need to recognize anthropology’s own modernist origins. Finally it is argued that it is critical modernist theory in the Hegel-Marx-Weber tradition that is the most pertinent to the ethnographic encounter and that the exercise of bringing together critical theory and ethnographic knowledge, while conflictual, produces fruitful results for both sides. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
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