| 1. |
- Sjöström, Johan, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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En ny modell för gräsbrandsfara i Sverige
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Risken för antändning och snabb spridning av vegetationsbränder i skogsmark och i gräsmarkerskiljer sig markant. Gräsbränder sprider sig i dött fjolårsgräs, tidigt på våren, innan årets färskagräs hunnit växa till och dessa bränder kan spridas snabbt efter bara några timmars torrt väder.Risken klingar snabbt av med inväxten av färskt gräs för att i stort sett upphöra till sommaren.Skogsbränder har inte samma säsongsberoende av bränslet utan styrs mer av vädret. Därför skerde typiskt under sommaren och kräver oftast flera dagars torrt väder. Dessa skillnader gör attolika riskbedömningssystem måste användas för dessa två karakteristiska typer avvegetationsbränder.Här presenteras en ny modell för gräsbrandsfara som använder potentiell spridningshastighet iobetat, oklippt gräs som indikator på risk. Algoritmen tar väderhistoriken (snötäcke, relativluftfuktighet, vindhastighet, temperatur och solinstrålning) samt progressionen av årsgräsetsinväxt i beaktning. Modellen bygger på en modell för beräkning av fuktkvot i gräs utvecklad iNordamerika samt en modell för hur fuktkvoten och vindhastigheten inverkar påspridningshastigheten. Effekten av årsgräsets inväxt under svenska förhållanden beräknasgenom 25 års insats- och väder-data i tio regioner och en anpassning till tidigare utfördatestbränningar från snösmältning till gräsbrandssäsongens slut. Modellen kan uppdateras varjetimme, i linje med det uppdaterade brandrisksystemet i Sverige.Förslag till hur indelning i risknivåer ska utformas med avseende på riskindikatorn presenterasoch modellen sätts i bruk till våren 2021.
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| 2. |
- Sundström, Johan, Professor, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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A registry-based randomised trial comparing an SGLT2 inhibitor and metformin as standard treatment of early stage type 2 diabetes (SMARTEST): Rationale, design and protocol
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications. - : Elsevier BV. - 1056-8727 .- 1873-460X. ; 35:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: SGLT2 inhibitors have been shown to reduce cardiovascular and renal complications in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients at high cardiovascular risk. Metformin is currently widely used as initial monotherapy in T2D but lacks convincing data to show that it reduces risk of complications. We aim to compare the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin and metformin as first-line T2D medication with regard to development of complications in a registry-based randomised controlled trial. Methods: The SGLT2 inhibitor or metformin as standard treatment of early stage type 2 diabetes (SMARTEST) trial will enrol 4300 subjects at 30-40 study sites in Sweden who will be randomised 1:1 to either metformin or dapagliflozin. Participants must have T2D duration <4 years, no prior cardiovascular disease, and be either drug-naive or on monotherapy for T2D. Results: The primary endpoint is a composite of all-cause death, major adverse cardiovascular events and occurrence or progression of microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, diabetic foot lesions). Secondary endpoints include individual components of the primary endpoint, start of insulin therapy, risk factor biomarkers, patient-reported outcome measures, and cost-effectiveness analysis. Outcomes will primarily be assessed using nationwide healthcare registries. Conclusions: The SMARTEST trial will investigate whether dapagliflozin is superior to metformin in preventing complications in early stage T2D. (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT03982381, EudraCT 2019-001046-17).
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| 3. |
- Ahlström, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of partially automated driving on the development of driver sleepiness
- 2021
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Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to compare the development of sleepiness during manual driving versus level 2 partially automated driving, when driving on a motorway in Sweden. The hypothesis was that partially auto-mated driving will lead to higher levels of fatigue due to underload. Eighty-nine drivers were included in the study using a 2 ? 2 design with the conditions manual versus partially automated driving and daytime (full sleep) versus night-time (sleep deprived). The results showed that night-time driving led to markedly increased levels of sleepiness in terms of subjective sleepiness ratings, blink durations, PERCLOS, pupil diameter and heart rate. Partially automated driving led to slightly higher subjective sleepiness ratings, longer blink durations, decreased pupil diameter, slower heart rate, and higher EEG alpha and theta activity. However, elevated levels of sleepiness mainly arose from the night-time drives when the sleep pressure was high. During daytime, when the drivers were alert, partially automated driving had little or no detrimental effects on driver fatigue. Whether the negative effects of increased sleepiness during partially automated driving can be compensated by the positive effects of lateral and longitudinal driving support needs to be investigated in further studies.
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| 4. |
- Bengtsson, Stina, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Media and basic desires : An approach to measuring the mediatization of daily human life
- 2021
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Ingår i: Communications. - : Mouton de Gruyter. - 0341-2059 .- 1613-4087. ; 46:2, s. 275-296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extended reliance on media can be seen as one indicator of mediatization. But even though we can assume that the pervasive character of digital media essentially changes the way people experience everyday life, we cannot take these experiences for granted. There has recently been a formulation of three tasks for mediatization research; historicity, specificity and measurability, needed to empirically verify mediatization processes across time and space. In this article, we present a tool designed to handle these tasks, by measuring the extent to which people experience that media reach into the deeper layers of daily human life. The tool was tested in an empirical study conducted in Sweden in 2017. The results show that perceived media reliance is played out in relation to three types of basic desires: (1) (re)productive desires, (2) recognition desires, and (3) civic desires, and is socially structured and structuring. We argue this tool, in diachronic analyses, can measure one important aspect of mediatization.
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| 5. |
- Bernisson, Maud
(författare)
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The Public Interest in the Data Society : Deconstructing the Policy Network Imaginary of the GDPR
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- When Facebook censored the Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph The Napalm Girl, it provoked a global outcry. It also showed digital media’s ability to redefine freedom of expression and information. Redefining fundamental rights and freedoms involves drawing limits upon other fundamental freedoms and rights like the right to privacy. It is therefore crucial to study the changing role of the public interest, which ensures conditions for all to exercise fundamental freedoms and rights, including the right to privacy. This thesis aims at analysing definitions and uses of the public interest during the policymaking process of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The policymaking process is approached through the policy network theory (Rhodes, 2007). Policy network theory permits researchers to study norms and beliefs that drive stakeholders’ strategies to construct knowledge during the policymaking process. The construction of knowledge is influenced by a shared imaginary (Ricœur, 1984), which frames shared knowledge at the societal level. Metaphors permit tracing imaginaries. The public interest, as a metaphor defined during the policymaking process of the GDPR, enables the reconstruction of the policy network imaginary of the GDPR. I use two methods, the assessment of the degree of preference attainment (DPA) and the discourse-historical approach (DHA), which belongs to the field of critical discourse studies. Assessing DPA allows a comparison of key definitions in the texts produced during the policymaking process by different groups of actors—like Google and the European Commission—with corresponding definitions in the GDPR. The DHA permits the contextualization of definitional changes, the identification of power games within the policy network, and the reconstruction of the policy network imaginary.Results show that the policy network imaginary corresponds to a techno-economic ideology. This ideology underlies a preconceived context, the data society, and frames societal phenomena to regulate through beliefs and norms. This ideology is taking over the public interest ideology. Technological and economic determinism drove the design of the GDPR, which limits capacities to regulate and aligns with the interest of the dominant tech and economic actors. The member states favoured specific topics related to the public interest, like security, to be implemented at the EU level, at the expense of other topics, such as freedom of expression and information, to be implemented at the national level.
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| 6. |
- Carlson, Johan E., 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling of the Stress-Strain Relationship of Rock Bolts from Ultrasound Data
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). - : IEEE.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Load-bearing structural elements such as rock bolts and reinforcing bars (rebar) are ubiquitously present in both mining industries and in infrastructure projects, for securing tunnel walls and ceilings. Being able to detect and localize defects in previously installed rock bolts, or even quantitatively estimate the load they are taking, would be very valuable when planning maintenance and service. Unfortunately, there are no such techniques available today. Previous work shows that ultrasound, being a mechanical wave, is sensitive to mechanical changes in rock bolts. The ultrasound signature is, however, rather complex, and traditional modeling of the wave propagation rapidly becomes challenging. In this paper, we show that the ultrasound signature measured from a 3.2 m long dynamic rock bolt can be used to accurately determine the load applied to the bolt and the resulting elongation of the bolt. The method is based on training a Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) model to estimate the force an elongation from power spectra of backscattered ultrasound signatures.
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| 7. |
- Carlström, Eric, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Quasi-backsourcing in the Public Sector : The Challenge of Withdrawing from an Intertwined and Long-standing Relationship
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Public Administration. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0190-0692 .- 1532-4265. ; 46:4, s. 302-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to map the process involved in terminating a long-standing business relationship in a public context. It employed an exploratory study to interview 35 politicians, senior- and middle managers, ambulance- and dispatch centre staff and representatives of a regional alliance of patients. Growing criticism from a county council towards a contractor ended in a decision to bring services back in-house. However, terminating the contract failed and instead a state of quasi-backsourcing emerged. Only parts of the services were taken back in-house, with few reported benefits. The study suggests that caution is needed in relation to backsourcing services from a closely intertwined contractor.
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| 8. |
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Culture, Creativity and Economy : Collaborative Practices, Value Creation and Spaces of Creativity
- 2021
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book nuances our understanding of the contemporary creative economy by engaging with a set of three key tensions which emerged over the course of eight European Colloquiums on Culture, Creativity and Economy (CCE): 1) the tension between individual and collaborative creative practices, 2) the tension between tradition and innovation, and 3) the tension between isolated and interconnected spaces of creativity.Rather than focusing on specific processes, such as production, industries or locations, the tensions acknowledge and engage with the messy and restless nature of the creative economy. Individual chapters offer insights into poorly understood practices, locations and contexts such as co-working spaces in Berlin and rural Spain, creative businesses in Leicester and the role and importance of cultural intermediaries in creative economies within Africa. Others examine the nature of trans-local cultural flows, the evolving "field" of fashion, and the implications of social media and crowdfunding platforms.This book will be of interest to students, scholars and professionals researching the creative economy, as well as specific cultural and creative industries, across the humanities and social sciences.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Ekström, Ylva, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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En studie om att leda digitala transformationer i komplexa verksamheter : Institutionella normer, fysiska rum och digitala verktyg
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Föreliggande rapport sammanfattar forskningsprojektet “Att leda digital transformation av fysiska rum” som genomförts av forskare vid Uppsala universitet i samverkan med tre partnerorganisationer: Uppsala stadsteater, Svenska Kyrkan, och en nordeuropeisk finanskoncern med huvudkontor i Sverige; projektet samfinansierades av Vinnova under åren 2019-2020. Projektets syfte var att utveckla kunskap om, och verktyg för förståelse av, hur det fysiska rummet och dess digitalisering påverkar interaktionen mellan aktörer bland annat med avseende på kommunikation, tillit och legitimitet. Projektet har genomförts som en komparativ studie av dessa tre tämligen skilda organisationer, som kommit olika långt i relation till digital transformation av deras respektive verksamheter. Forskarna har genomfört intervjuer och observationer på de tre partnerorganisationerna samt gemensamma och organisations-överskridande diskussioner och analyser vid ett flertal workshoppar, där såväl forskare som representanter från partnerorganisationerna deltagit. Rapporten presenterar resultat i form av beskrivningar av specifika situationer i respektive partnerorganisation med betoning på digitaliseringsprocesser med direkt inverkan på det fysiska rummet och de utmaningar som detta leder till. Vidare presenteras analyser och insikter i relation till utmaningarna som digitaliseringen kan ge upphov till och generella, normativa rekommendationer för att vägleda organisationer genom digitala transformationsprocesser. I analysen har framför allt institutionella logiker tillämpats som teoretiskt perspektiv. Studien påvisar betydelsen som de fysiska platserna (t.ex. kontor, scen) utgör för skilda verksamheter, och att användningen av digitala verktyg med syfte att eliminera användningen av fysiska platser kan ge upphov till oförutsedda konsekvenser.
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