| 51. |
- Buggert, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Limited immune surveillance in lymphoid tissue by cytolytic CD4+ T cells during health and HIV disease
- 2018
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Ingår i: PLoS Pathogens. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7374. ; 14:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CD4+ T cells subsets have a wide range of important helper and regulatory functions in the immune system. Several studies have specifically suggested that circulating effector CD4+ T cells may play a direct role in control of HIV replication through cytolytic activity or autocrine β-chemokine production. However, it remains unclear whether effector CD4+ T cells expressing cytolytic molecules and β-chemokines are present within lymph nodes (LNs), a major site of HIV replication. Here, we report that expression of β-chemokines and cytolytic molecules are enriched within a CD4+ T cell population with high levels of the T-box transcription factors T-bet and eomesodermin (Eomes). This effector population is predominately found in peripheral blood and is limited in LNs regardless of HIV infection or treatment status. As a result, CD4+ T cells generally lack effector functions in LNs, including cytolytic capacity and IFNγ and β-chemokine expression, even in HIV elite controllers and during acute/early HIV infection. While we do find the presence of degranulating CD4+ T cells in LNs, these cells do not bear functional or transcriptional effector T cell properties and are inherently poor to form stable immunological synapses compared to their peripheral blood counterparts. We demonstrate that CD4+ T cell cytolytic function, phenotype, and programming in the peripheral blood is dissociated from those characteristics found in lymphoid tissues. Together, these data challenge our current models based on blood and suggest spatially and temporally dissociated mechanisms of viral control in lymphoid tissues.
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| 52. |
- Bächle, Susanna M., et al.
(författare)
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Elevated levels of iNKT cell and NK cell activation correlate with disease progression in HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections
- 2016
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Ingår i: AIDS. - 0269-9370. ; 30:11, s. 1713-1722
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:: In this study we aimed to investigate the frequency and activation of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and natural killer (NK) cells among HIV-1, HIV-2, or dually HIV-1/HIV-2 (HIV-D)-infected individuals, in relation to markers of disease progression. DESIGN:: Whole blood samples were collected from treatment-naïve HIV-1 (n?=?23), HIV-2 (n?=?34) and HIV-D (n?=?11) infected individuals, as well as HIV-seronegative controls (n?=?25), belonging to an occupational cohort in Guinea-Bissau. METHODS:: Frequencies and activation levels of iNKT and NK cell subsets were analysed using multi-colour flow cytometry and results were related to HIV-status, CD4+ T cell levels, viral load, and T cell activation. RESULTS:: HIV-1, HIV-D, and viremic HIV-2 individuals had lower numbers of CD4+ iNKT cells in circulation compared to seronegative controls. Numbers of CD56 NK cells were also reduced in HIV-infected individuals as compared to control subjects. Notably, iNKT cell and NK cell activation levels, assessed by CD38 expression, were increased in HIV-1 and HIV-2 single, as well as dual, infections. HIV-2 viremia was associated with elevated activation levels in CD4+ iNKT cells, CD56 and CD56 NK cells, as compared to aviremic HIV-2 infection. Additionally, disease markers such as CD4+ T cell percentages, viral load, and CD4+ T cell activation were associated with CD38 expression levels of both iNKT and NK cells, which activation levels also correlated with each other. CONCLUSIONS:: Our data indicate that elevated levels of iNKT cell and NK cell activation are associated with viremia and disease progression markers in both HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections.
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| 53. |
- Bäck, Maria, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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How does kinesiophobia change over time in patients with acute coronary artery disease?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physiotherapy, Oral presentation, World Confederation for Physical Therapy (WCPT), 1-4 May 2015Singapore. - : Elsevier BV. ; 101:Suppl. 1
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The occurrence of kinesiophobia and the impact on kinesiophobia by clinical variables with influence on rehabilitation outcomes in exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has by us been identified six months after acute coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the occurrence of kinesiophobia in the acute phase of CAD and how it changes over time has not previously been studied. Moreover, the gender perspective has not been highlighted. The primary purpose was to identify levels of kinesiophobia in the acute phase of CAD and to study changes over time and in relation to gender. Participants: In total, 105 patients with CAD (25 women), mean age 63.1±11.5 were included in the study at the cardiac intensive care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden between October 2013 and June 2014. Design and statistics: The patients were asked to fill in a set of questionnaires including the Tampascale for Kinesiophobia Heart (TSK-SV Heart), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Harm Avoidance (HA) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The patients filled in the questionnaires at three different time points: At the cardiac intensive care (T1), after 2 weeks (T2) and after 4 months (T3). A linear mixed model (LMM) procedure was used to compare kinesiophobia across time points. The within-subjects-design factor was data collection time (T1-T3), and the between-subjects-design factor was gender. The dependent variable was kinesiophobia. The questionnaires reflecting personality traits and affective states (HADS, PANAS, HA) were used as covariates in order to discover any effects these might have on differences across groupings. Covariates were included in two steps: first all five, then only those that contributed significantly at p-level < 0.05. Thirty-five patients were excluded due to loss of follow-up or missing data. The mean value on the TSK-SV Heart was 32.1 at T1, 30.3 at T2 and 29.2 at T3. The presence of a high level of kinesiophobia was 24% at T1 and 19% at T2 and T3. Without covariates, there was an effect of gender (p=0.011), with a higher TSK-SV Heart mean score for women, and over time points (p=0.013), with lower TSK-SV Heart mean score at T3. No interaction effect was found. Inclusion of the covariates showed that the HADS variables had no impact on kinesiophobia. Although negative affect (p=0.016), positive affect (p=0.002), and HA (p=0.057) had impact on kinesiophobia, this did not influence the significane of gender (p=0.042) and over time points (p=0.004). Kinesiophobia decreased over time after acute CAD, independent of patients´ personality traits and affective states. Female gender had a significant influence on kinesiohobia. Still 19% of the patients were identified with a high level of kinesiophobia at T3. The further establishment of the impact of kinesiophobia in CR and the design of a treatment intervention should be prioritized in future studies. The results of this study suggest that it is desirable to screen for kinesiophobia in the acute phase of CAD, as recognition may facilitate the appropriate treatment for these patients with the overall target of enhancing attendance at CR.
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| 54. |
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| 55. |
- Bäck, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Kinesiophobia mediates the influences on attendance at exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in patients with coronary artery disease.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0959-3985 .- 1532-5040. ; 32:8, s. 571-580
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To identify predictors of attendance at exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) and to test the hypothesis that kinesiophobia mediates the influence on attendance at CR in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).PATIENTS: In total, 332 patients (75 women; mean age 65 ± 9.1 years) with a diagnosis of CAD were recruited at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden.METHODS: The patients were tested in terms of objective measurements, self-rated psychological measurements, and level of physical activity. A path model with direct and indirect effects via kinesiophobia was used to predict participation in CR. An exploratory selection of significant predictors was made.RESULTS: A current incidence of coronary bypass grafting (p < 0.001) and a diagnosis of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (p = 0.004) increased the probability of attendance at CR, while kinesiophobia (p = 0.001) reduced attendance. As a mediator, kinesiophobia was influenced by four predictors and the following indirect effects were found. General health and muscle endurance increased the probability of attendance at CR, while self-rated anxiety and current incidence of heart failure had the opposite effect.CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that kinesiophobia has an influence on and a mediating role in attendance at CR. The results need to be further investigated in relation to clinical practice.
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| 56. |
- Bäck, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Relevance of Kinesiophobia in Relation to Changes Over Time Among Patients After an Acute Coronary Artery Disease Event
- 2018
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CARDIOPULMONARY REHABILITATION AND PREVENTION. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 1932-7501 .- 1932-751X. ; 38:4, s. 224-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To identify levels of kinesiophobia during the first 4 months after an acute episode of coronary artery disease (CAD), while controlling for gender, anxiety, depression, and personality traits. Methods: In all, 106 patients with CAD (25 women), mean age 63.1 11.5 years, were included in the study at the cardiac intensive care unit, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden. The patients completed questionnaires at 3 time points: in the cardiac intensive care unit (baseline), 2 weeks, and 4 months after baseline. The primary outcome measure was kinesiophobia. Secondary outcome measures were gender, anxiety, depression, harm avoidance, and positive and negative affect. A linear mixed model procedure was used to compare kinesiophobia across time points and gender. Secondary outcome measures were used as covariates. Results: Kinesiophobia decreased over time (P = .005) and there was a significant effect of gender (P = .045; higher values for women). The presence of a high level of kinesiophobia was 25.4% at baseline, 19% after 2 weeks, and 21.1% after 4 months. Inclusion of the covariates showed that positive and negative affect and harm avoidance increased model fit. The effects of time and gender remained significant. Conclusions: This study highlights that kinesiophobia decreased over time after an acute CAD episode. Nonetheless, a substantial part of the patients were identified with a high level of kinesiophobia across time, which emphasizes the need for screening and the design of a treatment intervention.
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| 57. |
- Carlander, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of Complications with Energy-Based Surgical Devices in Thyroid Surgery : A National Multicenter Register Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: World Journal of Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0364-2313 .- 1432-2323. ; 40:1, s. 117-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundEnergy-based surgical devices (EBD) combining cutting and coagulation are increasingly used in thyroid surgery. However, there is a lack of information about potential benefits and risk of complications outside controlled trials. The aims of this national multicenter register study were to describe the use of EDB, their potential effect on complication rates, and on operation time.Materials and methodsThe Scandinavian Quality Register for Thyroid and Parathyroid surgery includes 35 surgical units in Sweden and covered 88 % of the thyroid procedures performed during 2008–2009. The use of the EBD was specifically registered for 12 months, and 1297 patients were included. Surgically related complications and operation time were evaluated. The clamp-and-tie group (C-A-T) constituted the control group for comparison with procedures where EBD was used.ResultsThe thyroid procedures performed included C-A-T (16.6 %), bipolar electrosurgery (ES: 56.5 %), electronic vessel sealing (EVS: 12.2 %), and ultrasonic dissection (UD: 14.5 %). Mean operative time was longer with EVS (p < 0.001) and shorter with UD (p < 0.05) than in the other groups. The bipolar ES group and the EVS group had higher incidence of calcium treatment at discharge and after 6 weeks than the UD group. No significant difference in nerve injury was found between the groups. There was a significant more frequent use of topical hemostatic agents in the EBD group compared to C-A-T.ConclusionIn this national multicenter study, the use of UD shortened and EVS increased operating time. There was a higher risk of calcium treatment at discharge and after 6 weeks after use of EVS and bipolar ES than after UD use. There was a significant more frequent use of topical hemostatic agents in the EBD groups compared to C-A-T.
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| 58. |
- Carlsson, Axel C, et al.
(författare)
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Levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and 2, gender, and risk of myocardial infarction in Northern Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 272, s. 41-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Soluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor alpha (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) have been associated with cardiovascular diseases, and some evidence points towards a difference in associated risk between men and women. We aimed to study the association between sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 and incident myocardial infarctions (MI) and to explore the influence of established cardiovascular risk factors in men and women.METHODS: We conducted a nested case control study in three large Swedish cohorts, including 533 myocardial infarction cases, and 1003 age-, sex- and cohort-matched controls. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.RESULTS: An association between circulating sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 and an increased risk for MI was found when comparing cases and controls. The odds ratios were significant after adjustment for established cardiovascular risk factors and C-reactive protein in women (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.08-1.93 for TNFR1, and 1.61, 95% CI 1.11-2.34 for TNFR2), but was abolished in men. Women with a combination of elevated CRP and values in the upper quartile of TNFR1 or TNFR2 had a 5-fold higher risk of myocardial infarction versus those with normal CRP and values in the lower three quartiles of TNFR1 or TNFR2.CONCLUSIONS: As the risk estimates for TNFR1 and TNFR2 were higher and remained significant after adjustments for established cardiovascular risk factors in women but not in men, a potential role for TNFR1 and TNFR2 in identifying women with a higher MI risk is possible. The future clinical role of TNFR1 and TNFR2 in combination with CRP to identify high risk patients for coronary heart disease has yet to be determined.
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| 59. |
- Cedervall, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic and mechanical effects of Mn substitutions in AlFe2B2
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-8853 .- 1873-4766. ; 482, s. 54-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanical and magnetic properties of the newly discovered MAB-phase class of materials based upon AlFe2B2 were investigated. The samples were synthesised from stoichiometric amounts of all constituent elements. X-ray diffraction shows that the main phase is orthorhombic with an elongated b-axis, similar to AlFe2B2. The low hardness and visual inspection of the samples after deformation indicate that these compounds are deformed via a delamination process. When substituting iron in AlFe2B2 with manganese, the magnetism in the system goes from being ferro- to antiferromagnetic via a disordered ferrimagnetic phase exhibited by AlFeMnB2. Density functional theory calculations indicate a weakening of the magnetic interactions among the transitions metal ions as iron is substituted by manganese in AlFe2B2. The Mn-Mn exchange interactions in AlMn2B2 are found to be very small.
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| 60. |
- Cerne, Annette, et al.
(författare)
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Projectification of sustainable development: implications from a critical review
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Managing Projects in Business. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1753-8378 .- 1753-8386. ; 12:2, s. 356-376
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose In this paper, the authors challenge traditional views of project management and sustainable development as purportedly complementing each other. Rather, the authors apply a projectification perspective from a multi-disciplinary approach to sustainable development. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how we can better understand the interface between projects and sustainable development through the study of its practices.Design/methodology/approachThe authors do this by outlining the global and the local dimensions of sustainable development as a business objective. For that reason, the authors also make a distinction between sustainability in projects and sustainable development through project coordination.FindingsFrom the framing of sustainable development as projectification, the authors contribute with a set of research implications on how to proceed towards a better understanding of sustainable development through project coordination.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to a growing field of interest regarding the interfaces between project management and sustainable development.
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