| 1. |
- Jernsand, Eva Maria, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Collaborative PhDs: New approaches, challenges and opportunities
- 2016
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Ingår i: Co-production in action: towards realising just cities. - Göteborg : Mistra Urban Futures. - 9789198069679 ; , s. 74-83
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Collaborative PhDs can be demanding and complex, yet ultimately rewarding. In this chapter we explore some of the issues that can emerge when collaborative PhDs investigate problems in sustainable urban development not only across disciplinary borders, or between academia and practice, but across diverse cultural backgrounds. Challenges include the need to take on multiple roles, and varying preconditions between PhD students from different academic institutions or cultures. We examine how such collaborations are opportunities for widening horizons and understandings, revealing how insights from researchers and practitioners from multiple disciplines and sectors make it possible to achieve a more holistic perspective. The chapter hopes to open up the nature of working in a truly transdisciplinary manner. There is a vital need for scholars to be able to participate in fora like Mistra Urban Futures’ Local Interaction Platforms (LIPs) where they can discuss and exchange experiences with others, both in and outside academia – whether civic officials, community groups or practitioners – who have embraced the concept of collaboration. Those who have contributed their experiences to this chapter are Sigrid Laurel Östlund, Franklin Mwango, Isabel Ordoñez, Frankline Otiende, Dan Silver, Anna Taylor and Joshua Wanga. The interviews were arranged by and the chapter put together by Helena Kraff and Eva Maria Jernsand, with additional editorial inputs from the contributors. The chapter is written as a conversation between four PhD students, one from each of the four LIPs. Interviewees’ names have been changed to anonymise responses.
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| 2. |
- Jernsand, Eva Maria, 1967
(författare)
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Inclusive place branding – What it is and how to progress towards it
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här avhandlingen handlar om att arbeta med platsvarumärken på ett inklu-derande sätt. Forskare har på senare år uttryckt att fler aktörer, inte minst invå-nare, måste delta aktivt i platsvarumärkesprocessen. Ett mer holistiskt och inte-grerat perspektiv efterfrågas, där flera discipliner samt forskare och praktiker samverkar för en mer ansvarsfull utveckling där den sociala hållbarheten ställs i centrum. Det finns annars en risk att varumärket används som ett politiskt verk-tyg för att förverkliga enskilda personers och gruppers intressen. Syftet är att definiera och konceptualisera begreppet inclusive place branding, att utforska och visa på hur inkludering i platsvaru¬märkes¬¬¬processen kan främjas, och att reflektera över vad ett inkluderande synsätt inne¬¬¬bär för utvecklingen av platsvarumärkesteori och praktik. Fem karak¬tärsdrag för en inkluderande plats-varumärkesprocess beskrivs: en evo¬lutionär process, transformation, deltagande, mångfald och demokrati. En inkluderande process görs åskådlig genom delta-gande i och beskrivning av ett transdisciplinärt projekt för turismutveckling i fiskesamhället Dunga vid Viktoriasjön i Kenya. En kvalitativ, reflekterande och aktionsorienterad metod används och det empiriska materialet består i huvudsak av observationer och intervjuer. Några konkreta resultat av fältarbetet är förbätt-rade guidade turer, sopsorterings- och skyltningssystem samt uppstarten av en regional guideförening med manliga och kvinnliga guider. Avhandlingen bjuder in till lärande och kritisk reflektion mellan forsknings-områden som är föremål för delaktighet i den offentliga sfären. Förutom mark-nadsföring innefattas design, arkitektur, offentlig förvaltning, utvecklingsstudier och utbildningsvetenskap. Resultaten visar att platsvarumärkesarbete bygger socialt, kulturellt och symboliskt kapital samt positionerar platsen i relation till interna och externa intressenter och målgrupper. Inkluderande platsvarumärkes-arbete är därmed en del av den bredare platsutvecklings- och managementdis-kursen, där platsvarumärket bidrar med socialt och kulturellt bindemedel. Forskning och praktik om platsvarumärken och utvecklingsfrågor bör kombinera kritiska och pragmatiska perspektiv samt tillåta underifrån kommande, småskaliga och långsiktiga processer. Lärande över gränserna kräver individuellt och kollektivt engagemang samt flera nivåer av deltagande, vilket kan främjas genom kontextbaserade visuella metoder och verktyg. Ett inkluderande synsätt innebär också att konventionalla metoder för utvärdering av platsvarumärkesprocessen bör bytas ut eller kombineras med andra metoder.
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| 3. |
- Jernsand, Eva Maria, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Multiple identities in place branding - embracing transculturalism
- 2016
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Ingår i: Abstract presented at the Inaugural Annual Conference of the International Place Branding Association (IPBA) in London (Middlesex University) 7-9 December 2016.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The view of place branding as monologic communication where all actors are squeezed into a unified voice has received harsh critique (e.g. Jernsand and Kraff, forthcoming; Marsh and Fawcett, 2011; Zenker and Beckmann, 2013). Aiming for a single coherent identity, which is promoted as a homogeneous entity, reduces places to simple monocultures and ignores the complexity that makes them intriguing (Kalandides, 2006).The display of a narrowly defined cultural norm does not correspond with the diverse nature of cities and countries today. The risk with failing to take multiple identities of a place into account is that cultural boundaries are reinforced, and that tension and disaffection is fostered, which can explode in conflicts between groups. People who do not know the culture or language of other ethnical communities living in the same city or country, or whose cultures are suppressed in relation to the image that authorities want to project will feel excluded. The movement of place branding from a business context to the public sphere has resulted in criticism since the concept has been used as a political tool for imposing the views of urban elites (Kavaratzis and Kalandides, 2015). To reach democratic legitimacy, place brand authorities therefore need to take responsibility, acting as facilitators (Kalandides, 2011) of the identity process of a place (Kavaratzis and Hatch, 2013). The recent, broadened perspective of place branding should be seen as an opportunity for an inclusive approach to culture. The purpose with this conceptual paper is to contrast the focus on homogeneous cultural entities in place branding with the concept of transculturalism. Transculturalism rejects a view of cultures as stable and clear entities that are located only in ethnicities or nations but sees them as “hybrid formations” that are “characterized by interconnectedness, permeation and ongoing transforming dialogues between/among them” (Dagnino, 2012, p 13). A critical review of place branding literature and examples of place branding initiatives is put in relation to transculturalism. This serves as a base for discussing what cultural homogeneity vs diversity implies for the future of place branding. The study shows that the scarce initiatives that allow for other cultural norms are often thanks to the endeavors of individual entrepreneurs, rather than official place authorities. The authors argue that successful place branding needs to embrace transculturalism and use it as a lens to understand, explore, nurture and communicate the interplay between and richness of different cultures and cultural expressions.
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| 4. |
- Jernsand, Eva Maria, 1967
(författare)
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Transformational tourism: extraordinary experiences and learning
- 2016
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Ingår i: 25th Nordic Symposium on Tourism and Hospitality Research in Turku, Finland, September 28-30, 2016.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Transformational tourism deals with how travel and tourism can change human behaviour and impact the world in positive ways. The transformation occurs when people get so deeply involved in experiences that they reflect on their own situation, expand their con¬sciousness, and ultimately alter their future behaviour and worldview. This progressive process is closely related to how learning is described in literature, but although learning theories are significantly applicable to and important to tourism, they have been more or less neglected in tourism studies. The purpose with the paper is to explore the relationship between experiences, learning and transformation. It highlights the capabilities of extraordinary tourism experiences to transform people and societies. A study of the small ecotourism destination of Dunga located by the shores of Lake Victoria in Western Kenya implies that students get a good connection to the place and its ecological challenges when the knowledge comes from the interaction with fishmongers and fishermen. These local entrepreneurs have first-hand experience on how pollution, over-fishing and the invasion water hyacinths affect their work: in the decreasing number and species of fish, and the long hours spent with cutting off the hyacinths’ roots from their fishing nets. The type of learning students get through such experience would not be obtainable in the confinement of a classroom. However, extraordinary experiences are defined as intense, joyful and temporal, while transformational learning is about what matters in the long run. Does this mean that extraordinary experiences cannot be transformational? And what role does immersion play in this context? The paper identifies immersion as an important dimension of the extraordinary experience in order for the experience to be transformational. However, immersion may not necessarily be entirely positive. Anger, fear and other ‘negative’ emotions enhance critical reflection, and difficult issues are important for changes in values and behaviour.
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| 5. |
- Kraff, Helena, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Time as an issue of power in development research
- 2016
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Ingår i: Development research conference (DEVRES) 2016: Global visions and local practices, 22-24 August 2016, Stockholm University.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Development research addresses issues such as poverty, gender and knowledge access, with the overarching goal of creating fair living conditions for all humans. Transdisciplinary approaches and north-south collaborations are considered suitable ways to approach these challenges. However, there is a risk that current structures make equal partnerships in such collaborations unobtainable. University systems, research and funding programmes as well as the actual processes are generally to the advantage of Western researchers, whilst local researchers and practitioners participate under unjust circumstances. This paper recognizes time as an issue of power in research and development practice through the aspects of time privilege and time poverty. Different time prerequisites produce inequalities between countries, cultures, funding bodies, researchers, organisations, community groups, but also at household and individual levels. It raises questions of who is given time to take part in projects. Who write proposals, conduct fieldwork, analyse and write up the results, and who may need to chase time in order to be able to take part? A collaborative project between research platforms in Sweden and Kenya constitutes an example of how time related barriers and challenges affect relationships between stakeholders. Time inequalities are explored through fieldwork experiences, interviews, and reflective conversations between researchers, practitioners and other actors. If a transdisciplinary approach to development research is about equal partnerships it cannot be based on vague formulations. What type of support structures, guidelines and ethical standards are needed for creating just time preconditions between participants?
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