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- Jernsand, Eva Maria, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Learning through extraordinary tourism experiences
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Routledge handbook of tourism experience management and marketing. Saurabh Kumar Dixit (red.). - Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge. - 9780429203916 ; , s. 173-182
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extant research has demonstrated that learning is a core element underlying extraordinary experience since it enriches the experience and makes it more meaningful. Despite being a critical element in such experience, the literature provides few answers to how and in what situations tourists learn, in particular how extraordinary experience is related to learning. Hence, the purpose of this study is to understand how tourists learn through extraordinary experience. Learning theories emphasize a process where the learner’s beliefs are challenged and experiences are made sense of, which make them useful in relation to intellectually engaging and transformative extraordinary experiences. Two illustrative different cases, an oyster experience on the West Coast of Sweden and a guided tour in Kisumu, Kenya, are used to demonstrate how learning takes place for tourists engaged in extraordinary experience. The findings show that tourists involved in extraordinary experiences are more likely to learn by being in a stimulating environment where learning is enhanced through three mutually inclusive elements: (1) engagement, (2) critical moments and (3) reflection.
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| 2. |
- Kraff, Helena, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Conceptualising inclusive tourism and place branding
- 2020
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Ingår i: Act Sustainable Research Conference, Gothenburg Centre for Sustainable Development - GMV, Nov 18-19.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A new conceptualisation of inclusive tourism is emerging. Situated within inclusive development, an ethical perspective on tourism embraces diversity, equality and participation (Sheyvens & Biddulph, 2018, drawing on e.g. Lawson, 2010; UNDP, 2016). With such holistic connotations, inclusive tourism is a response to the fact that large corporations create, market and benefit from products that are only attainable by privileged minorities. Inclusiveness in a tourism context is the opposite of this. People, independent of their ethnicity, gender, class and other social characteristics, should be able to participate in the creation of tourism products and benefit from them, as well as be able to experience them (Scheyvens & Biddulph, 2018). Thus, inclusive tourism means that dominant power relations and top-down approaches are challenged by grass root and bottom-up perspectives and initiatives. From a destination marketing perspective, inclusiveness also means that people living in tourism destinations should be represented in place branding (Kalandides et al., 2013; Zenker & Petersen, 2014). Furthermore, an inclusive view on tourism and place branding recognizes how and under what terms people actually participate in tourism development and place branding (Jernsand, 2016; Jernsand & Kraff, 2017; Kraff, 2018). Inclusive tourism has the potential to strengthen relationships, contribute to intercultural exchanges, and create multidimensional destinations. However, the ethical aims of inclusive tourism needs further investigation. Concept development is yet at an early stage, and studies examining how inclusive tourism takes place in practice are scarse. The research project The Role of Tourism in Multicultural Societies (TiMS) aims to contribute to the conceptualisation of inclusive tourism and place branding, its principles and delimitations. TiMS builds on empirical investigations that centre on how the plurality of tourism products and destinations are communicated, represented and experienced in terms of e.g. cultures, ethnicity, gender, class and other social characteristics; and on challenges and opportunities met in tourism development processes that aim for diversity, equality and participation. The research is situated mainly in a Swedish context, ranging from the urban to the rural, and is based on multiple methods such as interviews, observations and action-oriented approaches. The research acknowledges: The difficulties in promoting diversity: There is a risk of stereotypification and exploitation, where multicultural attributes are valued for their difference as opposed to being seen as everybody being multicultural. Tourism as interdependent on place development at large: Public destination management organizations often focus on specific target groups and public-private partnerships, rather than collaborations with other instances of the public sector and smaller units such as community-based organizations. Further, citizen dialogue is a well-known concept in urban planning, yet rarely used in relation to tourism. The multiple actors that together form the place brand: This is an organic and bottom-up process, and without a dominant authority such as a DMO. The findings indicate that for inclusive tourism to live up to its promise, and develop into a just form of sustainable tourism, scholars and industry actors need to engage in critical discussions and procure knowledge regarding its complexity, e.g. historical and contemporary meanings.
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| 3. |
- Palmer, Henrietta, et al.
(författare)
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Clustering and assemblage building
- 2020
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Ingår i: Comparative Urban Research from Theory to Practice: Co-production for Sustainability. - Bristol, UK : Policy Press. - 9781447353126 ; , s. 89-112
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter describes comparative knowledge production by way of bringing together already existing research financed by other means and local development projects within a defined area of research and intervention. The projects were all dealing with migration but based in different urban contexts, and they were brought together in a systematic way we call clustering. This methodology was developed through a joint venture of comparative knowledge production involving researchers, practitioners and civil society actors. Clustering represents a method for comparison and knowledge production across discrete research and development projects within a joint field or theme, but based in dissimilar societal contexts. Inspired by assemblage theory, relevant key questions were identified to guide the comparative work. This approach enabled participants to exchange and discuss experiences, build new knowledge and elaborate potentials across projects and localities without full understanding of the often very different background, context and dynamic of each project. The contribution lies primarily in the chapter's presentation of a methodology for knowledge exchange and building in transdisciplinary and translocal setting, without a budget to fund a rigorous and systematic comparison on the empirical level.
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