| 1. |
- Ahlm, Clas, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Health problems and self-medication among Swedish travellers.
- 1994
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 26:6, s. 711-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 500 consecutive travellers seeking pre-travel health advice were issued a questionnaire before leaving Sweden to continuously record health problems and use of medication during travel. Of 442 subjects who turned in assessable questionnaires (232 male and 210 female, mean age 37 years), 81% travelled to areas at high risk for the acquisition of diarrhea. The mean duration of travel was 4 weeks. During travel 218 (49% at 95% CI 44.3 to 53.7%) of the travellers experienced some illness and 61 (14%) had symptoms of more than one illness. The mean duration of illness was 4.5 days, and 65 subjects (30% of ill travellers) were confined to bed for a mean duration of 2 days. The incidence of illness was significantly (p < 0.01) higher among travellers to high risk than to low risk areas (55% vs 26%), among young travellers than among elderly (65% vs 33%), and among those going on adventure tours compared with recreational tourists (74% vs 41%). Diarrhea was reported by 36% (95% CI 31.6 to 40.5%), and respiratory tract infection by 21% (95% CI 17.2 to 24.8%). Self-medication with one or several drugs was initiated by 163 (75%) travellers experiencing illness during travel. Thus, every second Swedish traveller to tropical and subtropical areas experienced some kind of travel-related, often incapacitating, health problem.
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| 2. |
- Elmberg, Johan, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Intraspecific variation in calling, time allocation and energy reserves in breeding male common frogs Rana temporaria
- 1991
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Ingår i: Annales Zoologici Fennici. - 0003-455X .- 1797-2450. - 0003-455X ; 28:1, s. 23-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Time allocation during breeding was studied in unmated male common frogs Rana temporaria Linnaeus in three populations along a gradient of altitude, climate and length of feeding season. The length of the breeding period decreased with increased altitude. All three populations had low activity levels (0-33% of the time during peak chorusing). Peak chorusing in the lowland population was due to more males participating in the chorus, and not to increased individual calling activity. An increase in mating effort at this time was nevertheless indicated by the males 'using more time for moving in the pond. At both montane localities, males called more sparsely, and not at all at night. During peak chorusing, calling and moving males became significantly rarer with increased altitude. Aggressive males were significantly rarer in the alpine population. Between-locality variation was evident in fat reserves after hibernation and during breeding; the relative fat body mass was significantly higher in lowland males than in mid-altitude and alpine males. We discuss male mating activity (here: calling, mate searching and aggression) in ultimate terms as a trade-off between mate acquisition and survival.
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| 3. |
- Germann, Markus W., et al.
(författare)
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Perturbation of DNA hairpins containing the EcoRI recognition site by hairpin loops of varying size and composition : physical (NMR and UV) and enzymatic (EcoRI) studies
- 1990
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Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press. - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 18:6, s. 1489-1498
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated loop-induced structural perturbation of the stem structure in hairpins d(GAATTCXnGAATTC) (X = A, T and n = 3, 4, 5 and 6) that contain an EcoRI restriction site in close proximity to the hairpin loop. Oligonucleotides containing either a T3 or a A3 loop were not hydrolyzed by the restriction enzyme and also showed only weak binding to EcoRI in the absence of the cofactor Mg2+. In contrast, hairpins with larger loops are hydrolyzed by the enzyme at the scission site next to the loop although the substrate with a A4 loop is significantly more resistant than the oligonucleotide containing a T4 loop. The hairpin structures with 3 loop residues were found to be thermally most stable while larger hairpin loops resulted in structures with lower melting temperatures. The T-loop hairpins are thermally more stable than the hairpins containing the same number of A residues in the loop. As judged from proton NMR spectroscopy and the thermodynamic data, the base pair closest to the hairpin loop did form in all cases studied. The hairpin loops did, however, affect the conformation of the stem structure of the hairpins. From 31P and 1H NMR spectroscopy we conclude that the perturbation of the stem structure is stronger for smaller hairpin loops and that the extent of the perturbation is limited to 2-3 base pairs for hairpins with T3 or A4 loops. Our results demonstrate that hairpin loops modulate the conformation of the stem residues close to the loop and that this in turn reduces the substrate activity for DNA sequence specific proteins.
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| 4. |
- Linderholm, Johan, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical characterisation of various archaeological soil samples using main and trace elements determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0305-4403 .- 1095-9238. ; 21:3, s. 303-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study a method has been developed to classify archaeologically related soil samples by means of multivariate statistical analysis (principal component analysis) of determined trace and main component concentrations. The Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) technique was used for the determination of Fe, As, Cu, P, Mn, V, Co, Mo, Zn, Cr, Pb and Ca, and good accuracy was achieved by calibration against a certified reference material. It was shown that Cu, P, Mn, Zn and Ca were accumulated in feature and dwelling samples from a late bronze age site, Vistad, in southeast Sweden. Elements like Fe, V, Co and Cr characterized the control samples (from a surrounding field). It was also demonstrated that in this case, a simpler pretreatment procedure—acid extraction—could be used instead of total dissolution of the samples. Microwave heating was utilized for both procedures.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Wang, L P, et al.
(författare)
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Auditory function after spinal anesthesia
- 1993
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Ingår i: Regional Anesthesia. - 0146-521X. ; 18:3, s. 5-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of spinal anesthesia using 26-gauge needles on hearing.METHODS: Eighteen male patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or other transurethral procedures under spinal or epidural anesthesia were studied prospectively to reveal possible auditory side effects of dural puncture or absorption of irrigation fluid to the blood stream. Measurement of auditory function by pure tone, Bekesy and speech audiometry, and measurement of serum concentrations of sodium, potassium, urea, and glucose were performed preoperatively and postoperatively. Clinical examination of cranial nerve functions was performed postoperatively.RESULTS: No mean change in hearing ability was seen in any group. One patient had severe, transient, low-frequency hearing loss with simultaneous severe postdural puncture headache. A statistically significant postoperative fall in serum osmolarity was noted in the epidural TURP group.CONCLUSION: Transient, severe hearing loss may still occur after spinal anesthesia using a 26-gauge needle. Minor hearing loss does not seem to be a problem with this needle size.
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