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- Corthay, Alexandre, et al.
(författare)
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Collagen-induced arthritis development requires alpha beta T cells but not gamma delta T cells: studies with T cell-deficient (TCR mutant) mice
- 1999
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Ingår i: International Immunology. - 1460-2377. ; 11:7, s. 1065-1073
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Collagen type II (CII)-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice is a model for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in which the role of T lymphocytes remains controversial. To clarify this, we have bred a targeted gene deletion of TCR beta or delta loci into two mouse strains susceptible to CIA, the B10.Q and DBA/1 strains. The TCRbeta-/- mice lacked alphabeta T cells, which was compensated by an expansion of B cells, gammadelta T cells and NK cells. The beta-/- mice, but not control beta+/- littermates, were completely resistant to CIA. The production of anti-CII IgG antibodies was also abolished in beta-/- mice, revealing a strict alphabeta T cell dependency. In contrast, beta-/- mice produced reduced, but significant, anti-CII IgM titers after immunization with either CII or ovalbumin, indicating a multispecificity for these alphabeta T cell-independent IgM antibodies. The TCRdelta-/- mice lacked gammadelta T cells but had no other significant changes in lymphocyte or monocyte subsets. The cytokine response (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma) in delta-/- mice, quantified by flow cytometry staining of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes, was indistinguishable from normal mice. Likewise, no statistically significant differences were observed in CIA between mice lacking gammadelta T cells and control littermates, considering arthritis incidence, day of disease onset, maximum arthritic score, anti-CII IgG titers and disease course. We conclude that alphabeta T cells are necessary for CIA development and for an IgG response towards CII, whereas gammadelta T cells are neither necessary nor sufficient for development of CIA.
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- Ek, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Datorbaserat planeringsverktyg vid anpassning av bo- och arbetsmiljöer för fysiskt rörelsehindrade
- 1998
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Ingår i: Arbete, människa, miljö. ; :4, s. 244-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Computer based planning tool for adaptation of living and working environments of physically disabled persons. When adapting living and working environments according to the needs of physically disabled users it is important to optimize design solutions already during the planning process. Therefore it is quite advantageous if the end-user can be involved in the design process to present her or his personal knowledge and ideas. In Scandinavia, and many other countries, the planning process in cases of adapting living or working environments for disabled, normally is managed by an ergotherapeut. To achieve an optimal result, in addition to the ergotherapeut and the handicapped person himself, a planning team should be formed, consisting of family members, work-colleagues, nursing staff plus architect and civil engineers, etc. Earlier case studies by Eriksson & Johansson (1996) indicated that the use of computer based planning tools could facilitate the involvement of the different groups and their mutual understanding and communication. However, the commercially available softwares, which were used, were not sufficiently adapted to this kind of planning process from a user’s perspective. Therefore the development of a software prototype (‘Magrathea’) adapted for the needs of and the interaction between all the different participants in such planning processes, became part of the present project. The usability aspect has been in focus because of the heterogenous user group and since many potential users have little experience in using computers. As a base for further development of the prototyped software a test and evaluation of ‘Magrathea’ was performed. The software prototype uses a 3-D-modelled environment where interaction occurs in real time (direct visual response). The prototype is based on QuickDraw 3D application interface running on Power Macintosh, however a PC-version is being developed in parallel. The user can move in the 3D-environment by the use of ‘walkthroughs’ and manipulate different objects. Visual angle and perspective can be changed by moving a ‘camera’. Objects can be manipulated by mouse or numerical keys. Rotation of objects is obtained by +/-keys. Parts of objects can be manipulated by keys. The size of objects can be changed by feeding of numerical data in an object information window. Objects are stored in an ’Object library’, divided in subject categories to facilitate search. The library contains 3D-models of people, movement aids, furniture and equipment for living and working environments. Distances can be displayed in figures when measured by a mouse-controlled ‘measuring tape’. 2D-prints of the simulated 3D-environment can be obtained by saving a ‘photograph’ of any chosen perspective. To test the software prototype the REAL-model (Löwgren 1993) was used. According to this the usability of a system is defined by its Relevance (fulfilment of user needs); Efficiency (time and task performance by user); Attitude (user’s subjective assessment); and Learnability (ease of initial learning and remembering over time). The test was performed on two potential user groups; 5 ergotherapeut students (AT-group) and 4 physically disabled persons(RT-group). Each test-person (having similarly limited computer use experience) performed two tests and an interview. The first test had a duration of two hours, including a 45 min standardized introduction by the test manager, during which the test-person was allowed to ask questions and to practice using the software. After a brief pause 12 standardised tasks had to be solved using the software. Basic functions tested were; moving an object horizontally; rotating an object and part of an object; measure distance; take ‘photograph; change visual angle and perspective; using and searching the Object library. The last task was a ‘think-loud-task’ while the test-person was furbishing a bathroom for a wheel-chair bound person. The second test was performed three weeks later. 9 tasks similar to test on-tasks were performed. Results were compared with test I in order to check remembering over time. Finally, an interview concerning usability aspects was performed. Results show that the AT group performed equally well in both tests (96%). The RH-group scored 81% I test I and 77% in test II. Both groups needed more time to solve the tasks in test II, and were using the manual more frequently. These findings might indicate a remembering-over-time problem. The most problematic tasks were finding correct rotation tools for objects and parts of objects. In addition to this, especially in test II, by mistake the camera was rotated instead of the object. In the RH-group there were also some visual conspicuity difficulties due to similar colouring of object and background. In the think-loud task, comments for both test groups showed that they were focusing the problems of the wheel-chair bound person in connection with the environment instead of describing how they were using the software, which was what they were expected to comment upon. Interviews showed enthusiasm in the At-group to be able to use such a tool in their future professional work. The RH-group perceived it as a valuable possibility to help them plan and change their own physical environment.
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- Haglund Åsa, Johansson Lisbeth, Berglund Lars, Dahlstedt Lars
(författare)
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Sensory evaluation of carrots from ecological and conventional growing systems
- 1999
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Ingår i: FOOD QUALITY AND PREFERENCE. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0950-3293. ; 10:1, s. 23-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study was to establish whether there are sensory differences between conventionally and ecologically grown carrots. The results showed that year, growing system and variety had an impact on sensory quality. A consistent trend for two conse
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- Haglund Åsa, Johansson Lisbeth, Garedal Lena, Dlouhy Josef
(författare)
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Sensory quality of tomatoes cultivated with ecological fertilizing systems
- 1997
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Ingår i: SWEDISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH. - : SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS. - 0049-2701. ; 27:3, s. 135-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Changes in sensory characteristics and chemical composition of tomatoes cultivated in various fertilizing regimes were investigated with reference to different harvest times. Plants were grown in two substrates of nutritiously poor and rich composts, resp
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Lisbeth, et al.
(författare)
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Sensory evaluation of wholemeal bread from ecologically and conventionally grown wheat
- 1998
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE. - 0733-5210. ; 27:2, s. 199-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of the project was to study how conventional and ecological farming systems and different dough kneading intensity affected the baking properties of wholemeal flour, and how those properties affected the taste and consistency of wholemeal brea
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| 9. |
- Marklinder, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of flour from different barley varieties on barley sour dough bread
- 1996
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Ingår i: Food Quality and Preference. - 0950-3293 .- 1873-6343. ; 7:3-4, s. 275-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty flours from 16 different barley varieties cultivated in 1990 and 1992, and a Swedish reference flour, were fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum Al to sour doughs. Barley breads (40% barley/60% wheat flour) from each flour type were baked with and without an admixture of barley sour dough in order to investigate how the sour dough admixture would affect the baking properties. A trained panel carried out sensory evaluation by conventional profiling on breads made from three of the barley varieties and the Swedish reference flour, made with and without sour dough admixture. The barley varieties influenced both the sour dough properties and the properties of the barley bread. The PH of bread with sour dough ranged from 4.6 to 4.8 as compared to 5.4 to 5.6 in. bread without sour dough. The acidity of the breads with sour dough ranged from 4.1 to 5.0 mi NaOH/10 g bread crumb as compared to 2.4 to 3.6 in breads without sour dough. In 14 of the twenty bread types an addition of sour dough lowered the bread volume. Breads with a sour dough admixture scored higher for total taste and acidulous taste than breads without sour dough. The beta-glucan content of the flours had no significant influence on the sour dough or the sensory characteristics of the bread, except for the breadcrumb colour. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd
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