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Sökning: WFRF:(Johansson Kenneth) > (2010-2013)

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1.
  • Johansson, Roger, et al. (författare)
  • Eye movements play an active role when visuospatial information is recalled from memory
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of Vision. ; 12:9
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Abstract in Undetermined Whilst it has been established that spontaneous eye movements occur with visual imagery and that they are comparable with those from an original scene inspection (e.g., Brandt & Stark, 1997; Johansson, Holsanova, & Holmqvist, 2006), the exact purpose of these eye movements has been a hot topic of debate (cf., Ferreira et al., 2008; Richardson et al., 2009). Do they have an active and functional role in memory retrieval or are they merely an epiphenomenon? In a recent study we reported that when eye movements were prohibited for participants who orally described pictures from memory, their recollections became altered and impaired (Johansson, Holsanova, Dewhurst, & Holmqvist, (in press). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance). The current study was designed as a follow-up, aiming to uncover exactly how imposing different eye movements on participants affects memory retrieval processes. Eye movements were recorded from participants who recalled properties and spatial arrangements of sets of objects under four different manipulations: (1) free viewing on a blank screen; (2) gazing at a fixation cross; (3) looking at an area which was matched with the original locations of the objects to be recalled; (4) looking at an area which did not match the original locations of the objects to be recalled. By restricting eye movements in different ways during recall, we demonstrate the sensitivity of retrieval performance to specific eye movement manipulations. Results provide evidence that eye movements do have an active and supportive role when visuospatial information is recalled by highlighting the circumstances under which a visual memory is hampered. Additionally, findings suggest that the influence of "eye movements to nothing" is primarily related to the processing and retrieval of spatial information.
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2.
  • Johansson, Roger, et al. (författare)
  • Looking at the keyboard or the monitor : relationship with text production processes
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Reading and writing. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0922-4777 .- 1573-0905. ; 23:7, s. 835-851
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this paper we explored text production differences in an expository text production task between writers who looked mainly at the keyboard and writers who looked mainly at the monitor. Eye-tracking technology and keystroke-logging were combined to systematically describe and define these two groups in respect of the complex interplay between text production and the reading of one's own emerging text. Findings showed that monitor gazers typed significantly faster and were more productive writers. They also read their own text more, and they frequently read in parallel with writing. Analysis of fixation durations suggests that more cognitive processing is in use during reading in parallel with writing than during reading in pauses. Keyboard gazers used the left and right cursor keys significantly more. We suggest that this is because they revised their texts in a much more serial mode than monitor gazers. Finally, analysis of the characteristics of the final texts showed no differences between the groups.
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3.
  • Johansson, Roger, et al. (författare)
  • Reading during text production
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Learning to write effectively. - : Brill Academic Publishers. ; , s. 359-363
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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4.
  • Johansson, Roger, et al. (författare)
  • Reading during text production
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Current trends in European Writing Research. - Bingley, UK : Emerald. ; , s. 359-361, s. 359-361
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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6.
  • Chinga-Carrasco, Gary, et al. (författare)
  • Structural effects on print-through and set-off
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 27:3, s. 596-603
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this study the effect of paper structure on ink transfer and cold-set print quality was assessed. A factorial experiment involving 5 factors with two levels was designed. Several sheet structures were constructed. The sheets were made from three basic pulps, thermomechanical pulp (TMP), de-inked pulp (DIP) and stone groundwood (SGW). The designed structures were homogeneous and layered to verify the effect of sheet structure and fines content on print quality. A comprehensive multiscale characterisation of the sheet structures was performed. The analyses comprised scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury porosimetry for bulk structure assessment. Parker Print Surf (PPS), laser profilometry and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were applied for giving a detailed description of the surface structure affecting ink transfer. The study revealed that the surface structure affects the ink demand and set-off. Increasing the micro-roughness leads to an increment of ink demand in order to achieve a given print density. The bulk pore structure affects the light scattering coefficients. Small pores are positive for increasing the light scattering and thus for reducing the print-through level. This was confirmed by SEM and mercury porosimetry measurements.
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7.
  • Collins, Ruairi, et al. (författare)
  • Biochemical discrimination between selenium and sulfur 1 : a single residue provides selenium specificity to human selenocysteine lyase
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: PLoS One. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics. - 1932-6203.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Selenium and sulfur are two closely related basic elements utilized in nature for a vast array of biochemical reactions. While toxic at higher concentrations, selenium is an essential trace element incorporated into selenoproteins as selenocysteine (Sec), the selenium analogue of cysteine (Cys). Sec lyases (SCLs) and Cys desulfurases (CDs) catalyze the removal of selenium or sulfur from Sec or Cys and generally act on both substrates. In contrast, human SCL (hSCL) is specific for Sec although the only difference between Sec and Cys is the identity of a single atom. The chemical basis of this selenium-over-sulfur discrimination is not understood. Here we describe the X-ray crystal structure of hSCL and identify Asp146 as the key residue that provides the Sec specificity. A D146K variant resulted in loss of Sec specificity and appearance of CD activity. A dynamic active site segment also provides the structural prerequisites for direct product delivery of selenide produced by Sec cleavage, thus avoiding release of reactive selenide species into the cell. We thus here define a molecular determinant for enzymatic specificity discrimination between a single selenium versus sulfur atom, elements with very similar chemical properties. Our findings thus provide molecular insights into a key level of control in human selenium and selenoprotein turnover and metabolism.
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8.
  • Dewhurst, Richard, et al. (författare)
  • It depends on how you look at it: Scanpath comparison in multiple dimensions with MultiMatch, a vector-based approach
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Behavior Research Methods. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1554-3528.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Eye movement sequences---or scanpaths---vary depending on stimulus characteristics and task (Foulsham \& Underwood, 2008; Land, Mennie, \& Rusted, 1999). Common methods for comparing scanpaths, however, are limited in their ability to capture both the spatial and temporal properties of which a scanpath consists. Here we validate a new method for scanpath comparison based on geometric vectors, which compares scanpaths over multiple dimensions retaining positional and sequential information (Jarodzka, Holmqvist, \& Nyström, 2010). `MultiMatch' was tested in two experiments and pitted against ScanMatch (Cristino, Mathôt, Theeuwes, \& Gilchrist, 2010), the most comprehensive adaptation of the popular Levenshtein method. Experiment 1 used synthetic data, demonstrating the greater sensitivity of MultiMatch to variations in spatial position. In experiment 2 real eye movement recordings were taken from participants viewing sequences of dots, designed to elicit scanpath pairs with commonalities known to be problematic for algorithms (for example, when one scanpath is shifted in locus, or fixations fall either side of an AOI boundary). Results illustrate the advantages of a multidimensional approach, revealing how two scanpath differ. For instance, if one scanpath is the reverse copy of another the difference is in direction but not the position of fixations; or if a scanpath is scaled down, the difference is in the length of saccadic vectors but not overall shape. As well as having enormous potential for any task in which consistency in eye movements is important (e.g. learning), MultiMatch is particularly relevant for "eye movements to nothing" in mental imagery research and embodiment of cognition, where satisfactory scanpath comparison algorithms are lacking.
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10.
  • Egstrup, Kenneth, et al. (författare)
  • QT Response after a Test Dose and during Maintenance Therapy with AZD1305 in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1179-187X. ; 11:3, s. 199-208
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background and Objective: AZD1305 is an investigational antiarrhythmic agent that prolongs refractoriness through combined potassium and sodium channel inhibition. This study aimed to explore the utility of a test dose in predicting QT interval corrected according to Fridericia's formula (QTcF) during subsequent maintenance treatment with AZD1305. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial carried out at multiple hospital cardiac facilities in Denmark, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, and Sweden. Patients with documented atrial fibrillation (AF) but currently in stable sinus rhythm for ≥2 hours and ≤90 days were eligible for inclusion. Patients were randomized in a 1 : 1 : 1 ratio to receive AZD1305 extended-release or matching placebo tablets as follows: group A - test dose 250 mg, evening dose 125 mg on day 1, maintenance dose 125 mg twice daily; group B - test dose 500 mg, placebo evening dose, maintenance dose 125 mg twice daily; placebo group - placebo test and maintenance dose. Maintenance dosing was for 9 days. QTcF >550 ms at any time during the in-patient phase or >500 ms after discharge (day 4) were predefined study drug discontinuation criteria. The main outcome measure was the relationship between QTcF following the test dose and during maintenance treatment. Results: Sixty-five patients were randomized (n = 21, 22, and 22 in group A, group B, and the placebo group, respectively). AZD1305 dose-dependently increased QTcF. There was a positive, linear correlation between the change in QTcF during the first 6 hours after the test dose and during the maintenance phase. Three patients, all from group B, discontinued treatment on day 1 due to QTcF >550 ms. All other patients completed the study without events related to QT prolongation. There was a trend for reduced AF recurrence with AZD1305 compared with placebo. Conclusion: In this exploratory study a test dose predicted the QT response during maintenance treatment with AZD1305 and may thus be employed in further studies. [ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00643448].
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