| 1. |
- Callaghan, Terry V., et al.
(författare)
-
Improving dialogue among researchers, local and indigenous peoples and decision-makers to address issues of climate change in the North
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Ambio: a Journal of the Human Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447. ; 49:6, s. 1161-1178
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Circumpolar North has been changing rapidly within the last decades, and the socioeconomic systems of the Eurasian Arctic and Siberia in particular have displayed the most dramatic changes. Here, anthropogenic drivers of environmental change such as migration and industrialization are added to climate-induced changes in the natural environment such as permafrost thawing and increased frequency of extreme events. Understanding and adapting to both types of changes are important to local and indigenous peoples in the Arctic and for the wider global community due to transboundary connectivity. As local and indigenous peoples, decision-makers and scientists perceive changes and impacts differently and often fail to communicate efficiently to respond to changes adequately, we convened a meeting of the three groups in Salekhard in 2017. The outcomes of the meeting include perceptions of how the three groups each perceive the main issues affecting health and well-being and recommendations for working together better.
|
|
| 2. |
- Doherty, Stacey Jarvis, et al.
(författare)
-
The Transition From Stochastic to Deterministic Bacterial Community Assembly During Permafrost Thaw Succession
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-302X. ; 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Northern high latitudes are warming twice as fast as the global average, and permafrost has become vulnerable to thaw. Changes to the environment during thaw leads to shifts in microbial communities and their associated functions, such as greenhouse gas emissions. Understanding the ecological processes that structure the identity and abundance (i.e., assembly) of pre- and post-thaw communities may improve predictions of the functional outcomes of permafrost thaw. We characterized microbial community assembly during permafrost thaw using in situ observations and a laboratory incubation of soils from the Storflaket Mire in Abisko, Sweden, where permafrost thaw has occurred over the past decade. In situ observations indicated that bacterial community assembly was driven by randomness (i.e., stochastic processes) immediately after thaw with drift and dispersal limitation being the dominant processes. As post-thaw succession progressed, environmentally driven (i.e., deterministic) processes became increasingly important in structuring microbial communities where homogenizing selection was the only process structuring upper active layer soils. Furthermore, laboratory-induced thaw reflected assembly dynamics immediately after thaw indicated by an increase in drift, but did not capture the long-term effects of permafrost thaw on microbial community dynamics. Our results did not reflect a link between assembly dynamics and carbon emissions, likely because respiration is the product of many processes in microbial communities. Identification of dominant microbial community assembly processes has the potential to improve our understanding of the ecological impact of permafrost thaw and the permafrost-climate feedback.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Johansson, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
-
A qualitative study of midwives’ challenges to support transmen during childbirth : a short report
- 2020
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Midwifery. - : E.U. European Publishing. - 2585-2906. ; 4:February
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION Individuals who are transgender often want a family and want to bevalidated as fathers, but may lack support in the reproductive health field. The aim ofthis qualitative study was to explore midwives’ perceptions regarding caring for transmenduring labour and birth.METHODS Five midwives were recruited from Stockholm-area hospitals, with interviewslasting 17 minutes on average. Qualitative content analysis using an inductive approachwas used.RESULTS Our findings describe the challenges midwives face when caring for transmen inchildbirth, including a lack of knowledge, confusion on working with transgender, how toprovide individualized support, and the complexity of childbirth.CONCLUSIONS The midwives faced challenges when caring for transmen in childbirth.Since midwives lacked knowledge regarding best practices to support transmen, theywanted to receive more education on how to care for transmen during birth.
|
|
| 5. |
- Johansson, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
-
Mothers' experiences of pain during breastfeeding in the early postnatal period : A short report in a Swedish context
- 2020
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Human Biology. - : Wiley. - 1042-0533 .- 1520-6300. ; 32:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The objective was to investigate the prevalence of mothers who experienced pain during breastfeeding in the early postnatal period and to describe associated factors. Methods: Medical records of 987 mothers and their babies were scrutinized. Chi-square Test, McNemar's test, and relative risk with a 95% confidence interval were applied for analysis. Results: During the in-hospital postnatal stay, 19.5% mothers experienced pain during breastfeeding. At discharge, the rate was 8.8% (ρ <.001) and at the follow-up hospital visit 2 to 3 days after birth 17.5% (ρ =.104). Pain when breastfeeding was associated with primiparity (RR 2.02; 95% CI 1.53-2.66), epidural block during labor (RR 1.50; 95% CI 1.17-1.94), cracked nipples (RR 5.94; 95% CI 4.84-7.27), the use of a nipple shield (RR 6.34; 95% CI 5.43-7.41), supplementary feeding (RR 2.19; 95% CI 1.71-2.80), and longer hospital stay (RR 1.88; 95% CI 1.46-2.42). Conclusions: During the early postnatal period, Swedish mothers commonly experienced pain during breastfeeding. Although the rate dropped at discharge, it rose again by the time mothers returned for their follow-up visit. The rebound rate could be explained by breast engorgement, a baby's shallow latch or the effect of an epidural block. Midwives and nurses assisting women during intrapartum and postpartum care must be aware of factors associated with pain during early breastfeeding.
|
|
| 6. |
- Johansson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Urban space for children on the move
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Transport and Children’s Wellbeing. - 9780128146941 - 9780128146958 ; , s. 217-235
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban landscapes, structures and design features are associated with travel mode choice and have implications for sustainable living environments. The particular role of the built environment for children’s independent active mobility has received increasing attention in research and practice. However, the complexity of the transactions between person and environment needs to be understood with special focus on children’s use and experiences of the outdoor spaces in a neighborhood. This chapter discusses children’s independent active mobility as an ongoing transaction with the surrounding environment, continuously shifting between transport and play. The chapter synthesizes research on children’s outdoor play and active travel from the fields of environmental psychology, urban planning and landscape architecture. Four theoretical concepts compatible with a comprehensive understanding of children’s mobility in urban open spaces are presented: place attachment, affordances, wayfinding and prospect-refuge. The concepts are elaborated from a child perspective to highlight dimensions in the planning, design and management of outdoor spaces that can support children’s independent active mobility.
|
|
| 7. |
- Lindahl, Bernt, et al.
(författare)
-
Health literacy is independently and inversely associated with carotid artery plaques and cardiovascular risk
- 2020
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Sage Publications. - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 27:2, s. 209-215
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Health literacy, the degree to which individuals understand and act upon health information, may have a pivotal role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with low health literacy potentially explaining poorer adherence to prevention guidelines. We investigated the associations between health literacy, ultrasound-detected carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors.Methods: Baseline data (cross-sectional analysis) from a randomized controlled trial, integrated within the Västerbotten Intervention Program, Northern Sweden, was used. We included 3459 individuals, aged 40 or 50 years with ≥1 conventional risk factor or aged 60 years old. The participants underwent clinical examination, blood sampling, carotid ultrasound assessment of intima-media wall thickness (CIMT) and plaque formation, and answered a questionnaire on health literacy – the Brief Health Literacy Screen. The European Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation and Framingham Risk Score were calculated.Results: About 20% of the participants had low health literacy. Low health literacy was independently associated with the presence of ultrasound-detected carotid artery plaques after adjustment for age and education, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.54 (1.28–1.85), demonstrating a similar level of risk as for smoking. Health literacy was associated with CIMT in men. Low health literacy was associated with higher CVD risk scores. Sensitivity analyses with low health literacy set to 9% or 30% of the study sample, respectively, yielded essentially the same results.Conclusions: Low health literacy was independently associated with carotid artery plaques and a high level of CVD risk scores. Presenting health information in a fashion that is understood by all patients may improve preventive efforts.
|
|
| 8. |
- Lööw, Joel
(författare)
-
'Soft' Questions in a 'Hard' Industry? : Sociotechnical Problems of the Mining Industry
- 2020
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The workplaces of mining industry fail to attract the skills and competences that the industry needs for maintaining its production and, in particular, tackling its future challenges. Some of the challenges that face the mining industry are technical and call for technical solutions: deeper and poorer ore deposits, greater environmental requirements, and lower ore prices, for example. Other challenges are social: the mining industry must secure its social licence to operate and, in particular, its current workforce is ageing at the same time as younger generations seem uninterested in employment in the industry. Yet, these technical and social—“hard” and “soft”— challenges relate in such a way that attempting to solve one question will depend on and be influenced by how other challenges are solved. This thesis argues that most of these challenges have a connection to the workplaces of the mining industry, such that the industry’s ability to provide attractive workplaces will significantly influence how it can overcome its other challenges—meaning, most challenges have social components and require social (soft) interventions as well as technical (hard) interventions. However, the mining industry approaches most of its challenges from a technical perspective and seeks to solve its problems with the help of technology; the workplaces of the mining industry do not have to be unattractive, but to make them attractive requires that the mining industry changes its approach to this question, so that the industry comes to treat the question as one of a sociotechnical process in which “hard” and “soft” issues are given equal attention. The purpose of this thesis is to outline such a process. The thesis seeks to develop an understanding of the interplay of social and technical matters in the mining industry and, through this, how workplaces and technology can be developed so that social and technical systems can come to harmonise.This thesis uses a theoretical framework based in the tradition of sociotechnical design but combines this with insights from social studies of technology, the “travel of ideas” literature and institutional pragmatism. This conceptualisation sees very little division between “hard” and “soft” questions and understands technology to be more than its physical artefacts; technology is the whole of the sociotechnical network that surrounds technology’s development, use and implementation. Technology, in this way, is best understood to be information, meaning that technology’s depiction (technology’s metaphors) has a important influence on final effects of technology. In extension, much can be understood about technology and its purposes (e.g., to improve the work environment) by treating technology as ideas and focusing how these ideas travel between different contexts. Such an analysis identifies the perspectives of individuals or actors, and how these perspectives differ, as important components in creating attractive workplaces in the mining industry. The empirical basis for this thesis comes from several projects conducted within and with the mining industry between 2014 and 2020. These projects have included investigations into how the mining industry has worked with safety, as well as the evaluation of work environment effects of new technology, and the providing recommendations for the development of new technology. These projects have entailed the use several different methods: interviews (including workshops) with technology developers, operators, work environment managers, and so on; document studies; and participant observations. The results of this thesis exemplify how technology and the design of workplaces in the mining industry can be conceptualised in the manner suggested by the theoretical framework, highlighting, for example, the constant presence of an interplay between technology and social matters, and how instrumental-rationalistic and institutional logic are present in both cases. The results also show that the way different actors understand technology has an important effect on workplace effects and whether these workplaces emerge as attractive or not. Thus, for technology to be able to address the lacking attractiveness of the mining industry’s workplaces—and in extension, for the mining industry to address its future challenges—requires technology to be developed and implemented using open, transparent, and participatory processes. This thesis contributes an understanding that harmonisation between technical and social systems (as understood in sociotechnical theory) depends on how different actors within these systems view technology, and that systems fail to harmonise when these views do not match. The thesis suggests, in this, that these views go beyond technical function and properties to include norms and values. Tackling the challenges of the mining industry requires rethinking and further developing participatory design and decision-making processes. There will be no one-fit-all solutions nor will single interventions be enough to address the mining industry’s challenges. Instead, the processes surrounding the development and implementation of technology need to further consider individual needs and desires, technical and otherwise; creating attractive workplaces in the mining industry is a humanistic and democratic undertaking.
|
|
| 9. |
- Nieuwendam, Alexandre, et al.
(författare)
-
Reconstructing cold climate paleoenvironments from micromorphological analysis of relict slope deposits (Serra da Estrela, Central Portugal)
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Permafrost and Periglacial Processes. - : Wiley. - 1099-1530 .- 1045-6740. ; 31:4, s. 567-586
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper focuses on analysis of macro‐ and micromorphological characteristics of relict slope deposits in Serra da Estrela (Portugal) to understand the significance of different slope processes and paleoenvironmental settings. Micromorphology is a useful sedimentology technique allowing significant advances compared to macroscopic techniques. Results show that different processes are involved in the development of the slope deposits, reflecting different environmental conditions. The main processes responsible for the emplacement of the relict slope deposits are solifluction, debris‐flow and runoff, but postdepositional changes are also present. Solifluction was identified in slope deposits between 650 and 1500 m a.s.l. The common microfeatures identified are circular arrangement of grains with a core grain, rounded vesicles, vertical grains, matrix deformations and fine‐grained deposits. Slope deposits above 1300 m a.s.l have a platy microstructure and coincide with the altitudinal range of the relict rock glaciers, indicating the elevation limit of permafrost. Below this altitude platy microstructures are less frequent. Slope deposits in north‐facing slopes were affected by frost‐induced processes in a seasonal frost regime, followed by a postdeposition illuvial phase. Debris‐flow and runoff were identified in slope deposits between 680 and 1260 m a.s.l. The common microfeatures are oblique grains, grain dumps, and coarse and fine grain lineations, and banded microstructures were identified in runoff processes. Debris‐flow deposits have a circular arrangement of grains without a core grain, identified in sediments in paraglacial and periglacial environments. The slope deposits show evidence of past periods of enhanced periglacial activity since the last glaciation until the Younger Dryas.
|
|
| 10. |
- Norlander, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
-
Differences in laryngeal movements during exercise in healthy and dyspnoeic adolescents
- 2020
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. - : Elsevier. - 0165-5876 .- 1872-8464. ; 129
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To compare glottic and supraglottic movements in healthy adolescents and adolescents experiencing dyspnoea during strenuous exercise.METHODS: Using the continuous laryngoscopy exercise (CLE)-test laryngeal movements during exercise were analysed in healthy controls (n = 28) and compared to subjects with exercise induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) (n = 10), exercise induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) (n = 10) and subjects experiencing exercise-induced dyspnoea without having any of these diagnoses (n = 31). Images from the video recordings were assessed regarding glottic angle, glottic area and supraglottic area using the software measuring tool EILOMEA.RESULTS: No significant differences were detected between controls, the dyspnoea group without a diagnosis of EIB or EILO and the EIB group regarding glottis angle, glottis area or supraglottic area at maximum effort. All three parameters differed significantly in the EILO group compared to the other groups (p=<0.001). In the group with EILO all but one had supraglottic obstruction (corresponding to a CLE-test score ≥2). Movement of the laryngeal structures, corresponding to a CLE-test score of 1, at glottic and/or supraglottic level was seen in 26 of 35 (74%) of controls, 34 out of 41 (83%) of patients in the dyspnoea group, and in 25 of 38 (66%) of EIB-subjects.CONCLUSION: Minor movements at both glottic and supraglottic level are equally common in healthy controls as among adolescents with exercise induced dyspnoea without EIB or EILO and adolescents with EIB. Adolescents with EILO had a statistically significant more pronounced supraglottic obstruction than the other groups.
|
|
