| 31. |
- Kågebäck, Mikael, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Neural context embeddings for automatic discovery of word senses
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Vector Space Modeling for Natural Language Processing. Denver, United States. - 9781941643464 ; , s. 25-32
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Word sense induction (WSI) is the problem of automatically building an inventory of senses for a set of target words using only a text corpus. We introduce a new method for embedding word instances and their context, for use in WSI. The method, Instance-context embedding (ICE), leverages neural word embeddings, and the correlation statistics they capture, to compute high quality embeddings of word contexts. In WSI, these context embeddings are clustered to find the word senses present in the text. ICE is based on a novel method for combining word embeddings using continuous Skip-gram, based on both se- mantic and a temporal aspects of context words. ICE is evaluated both in a new system, and in an extension to a previous system for WSI. In both cases, we surpass previous state-of-the-art, on the WSI task of SemEval-2013, which highlights the generality of ICE. Our proposed system achieves a 33% relative improvement.
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| 32. |
- Larose, Tricia L., et al.
(författare)
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Circulating cotinine concentrations and lung cancer risk in the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium (LC3)
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 47:6, s. 1760-1771
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Self-reported smoking is the principal measure used to assess lung cancer risk in epidemiological studies. We evaluated if circulating cotinine—a nicotine metabolite and biomarker of recent tobacco exposure—provides additional information on lung cancer risk.Methods: The study was conducted in the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium (LC3) involving 20 prospective cohort studies. Pre-diagnostic serum cotinine concentrations were measured in one laboratory on 5364 lung cancer cases and 5364 individually matched controls. We used conditional logistic regression to evaluate the association between circulating cotinine and lung cancer, and assessed if cotinine provided additional risk-discriminative information compared with self-reported smoking (smoking status, smoking intensity, smoking duration), using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.Results: We observed a strong positive association between cotinine and lung cancer risk for current smokers [odds ratio (OR ) per 500 nmol/L increase in cotinine (OR500): 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32–1.47]. Cotinine concentrations consistent with active smoking (≥115 nmol/L) were common in former smokers (cases: 14.6%; controls: 9.2%) and rare in never smokers (cases: 2.7%; controls: 0.8%). Former and never smokers with cotinine concentrations indicative of active smoking (≥115 nmol/L) also showed increased lung cancer risk. For current smokers, the risk-discriminative performance of cotinine combined with self-reported smoking (AUCintegrated: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.68–0.71) yielded a small improvement over self-reported smoking alone (AUCsmoke: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.64–0.68) (P = 1.5x10–9).Conclusions: Circulating cotinine concentrations are consistently associated with lung cancer risk for current smokers and provide additional risk-discriminative information compared with self-report smoking alone.
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| 33. |
- Li, Yafang, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic interaction analysis among oncogenesis-related genes revealed novel genes and networks in lung cancer development
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Oncotarget. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 10:19, s. 1760-1774
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of cancer is driven by the accumulation of many oncogenesis-related genetic alterations and tumorigenesis is triggered by complex networks of involved genes rather than independent actions. To explore the epistasis existing among oncogenesis-related genes in lung cancer development, we conducted pairwise genetic interaction analyses among 35,031 SNPs from 2027 oncogenesis-related genes. The genotypes from three independent genome-wide association studies including a total of 24,037 lung cancer patients and 20,401 healthy controls with Caucasian ancestry were analyzed in the study. Using a two-stage study design including discovery and replication studies, and stringent Bonferroni correction for multiple statistical analysis, we identified significant genetic interactions between SNPs in RGL1:RAD51B (OR=0.44, p value=3.27x10-11 in overall lung cancer and OR=0.41, p value=9.71x10-11 in non-small cell lung cancer), SYNE1:RNF43 (OR=0.73, p value=1.01x10-12 in adenocarcinoma) and FHIT:TSPAN8 (OR=1.82, p value=7.62x10-11 in squamous cell carcinoma) in our analysis. None of these genes have been identified from previous main effect association studies in lung cancer. Further eQTL gene expression analysis in lung tissues provided information supporting the functional role of the identified epistasis in lung tumorigenesis. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed potential pathways and gene networks underlying molecular mechanisms in overall lung cancer as well as histology subtypes development. Our results provide evidence that genetic interactions between oncogenesis-related genes play an important role in lung tumorigenesis and epistasis analysis, combined with functional annotation, provides a valuable tool for uncovering functional novel susceptibility genes that contribute to lung cancer development by interacting with other modifier genes.
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| 34. |
- Li, Yafang, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide interaction study of smoking behavior and non-small cell lung cancer risk in Caucasian population
- 2018
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Ingår i: Carcinogenesis. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0143-3334 .- 1460-2180. ; 39:3, s. 336-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common type of lung cancer. Both environmental and genetic risk factors contribute to lung carcinogenesis. We conducted a genome-wide interaction analysis between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and smoking status (never- versus ever-smokers) in a European-descent population. We adopted a two-step analysis strategy in the discovery stage: we first conducted a case-only interaction analysis to assess the relationship between SNPs and smoking behavior using 13 336 non-small cell lung cancer cases. Candidate SNPs with P-value <0.001 were further analyzed using a standard case-control interaction analysis including 13 970 controls. The significant SNPs with P-value <3.5 × 10-5 (correcting for multiple tests) from the case-control analysis in the discovery stage were further validated using an independent replication dataset comprising 5377 controls and 3054 non-small cell lung cancer cases. We further stratified the analysis by histological subtypes. Two novel SNPs, rs6441286 and rs17723637, were identified for overall lung cancer risk. The interaction odds ratio and meta-analysis P-value for these two SNPs were 1.24 with 6.96 × 10-7 and 1.37 with 3.49 × 10-7, respectively. In addition, interaction of smoking with rs4751674 was identified in squamous cell lung carcinoma with an odds ratio of 0.58 and P-value of 8.12 × 10-7. This study is by far the largest genome-wide SNP-smoking interaction analysis reported for lung cancer. The three identified novel SNPs provide potential candidate biomarkers for lung cancer risk screening and intervention. The results from our study reinforce that gene-smoking interactions play important roles in the etiology of lung cancer and account for part of the missing heritability of this disease.
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| 35. |
- Mattsson, C. Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Träna för en svensk klassiker och andra långlopp
- 2015
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Förbered dig rätt inför långlopp. Att under ett år genomföra Vätternrundan, Vansbrosimningen, Lidingöloppet och Engelbrektsloppet/Vasaloppet, är ett av de mest populära sätten att skörda frukten av sin träning och nå sitt mål. För att lyckas krävs goda förberedelser, och ju bättre förberedd du är desto mer positiv blir upplevelsen. Innehållet i denna bok är en fördjupning av samlad kunskap och erfarenhet inom simning, cykel, löpning, längdskidåkning och triathlon samt hur man på bästa sätt kombinerar de olika idrotterna – deras olika moment – i träning och tävling. Här hittar du också kapitel om träningslära, idrottsnutrition, mental träning, förebyggande av idrottsskador och träningsplanering för att öka förståelsen av vad som påverkar en idrottsprestation.Extramaterial på webbplatsen: För att kunna erbjuda mer än vad som ryms i en bok, har vi också skapat en webbplats. Med hjälp av koden som följer med i boken kan du registrera dig för att ta del av fördjupande texter, träningsprogram och kostupplägg, övningar och intressanta länkar.(Text från förlaget)
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| 36. |
- McKay, James D., et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale association analysis identifies new lung cancer susceptibility loci and heterogeneity in genetic susceptibility across histological subtypes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 49:7, s. 1126-1132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although several lung cancer susceptibility loci have been identified, much of the heritability for lung cancer remains unexplained. Here 14,803 cases and 12,262 controls of European descent were genotyped on the OncoArray and combined with existing data for an aggregated genomewide association study (GWAS) analysis of lung cancer in 29,266 cases and 56,450 controls. We identified 18 susceptibility loci achieving genome-wide significance, including 10 new loci. The new loci highlight the striking heterogeneity in genetic susceptibility across the histological subtypes of lung cancer, with four loci associated with lung cancer overall and six loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma. Gene expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis in 1,425 normal lung tissue samples highlights RNASET2, SECISBP2L and NRG1 as candidate genes. Other loci include genes such as a cholinergic nicotinic receptor, CHRNA2, and the telomere-related genes OFBC1 and RTEL1. Further exploration of the target genes will continue to provide new insights into the etiology of lung cancer.
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| 37. |
- Midttun, Oivind, et al.
(författare)
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Circulating concentrations of biomarkers and metabolites related to vitamin status, one-carbon and the kynurenine pathways in US, Nordic, Asian, and Australian populations
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 105:6, s. 1314-1326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Circulating concentrations of biomarkers that are related to vitamin status vary by factors such as diet, fortification, and supplement use. Published biomarker concentrations have also been influenced by the variation across laboratories, which complicates a comparison of results from different studies. Objective: We robustly and comprehensively assessed differences in biomarkers that are related to vitamin status across geographic regions. Design: The trial was a cross-sectional study in which we investigated 38 biomarkers that are related to vitamin status and one-carbon and tryptophan metabolism in serum and plasma from 5314 healthy control subjects representing 20 cohorts recruited from the United States, Nordic countries, Asia, and Australia, participating in the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium. All samples were analyzed in a centralized laboratory. Results: Circulating concentrations of riboflavin, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, folate, vitamin B-12, all-trans retinol, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and a-tocopherol as well as combined vitamin scores that were based on these nutrients showed that the general B-vitamin concentration was highest in the United States and that the B vitamins and lipid soluble vitamins were low in Asians. Conversely, circulating concentrations of metabolites that are inversely related to B vitamins involved in the one-carbon and kynurenine pathways were high in Asians. The high B-vitamin concentration in the United States appears to be driven mainly by multivitamin-supplement users. Conclusions: The observed differences likely reflect the variation in intake of vitamins and, in particular, the widespread multivitamin-supplement use in the United States. The results provide valuable information about the differences in biomarker concentrations in populations across continents.
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| 38. |
- Muller, David C., et al.
(författare)
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Circulating high sensitivity C reactive protein concentrations and risk of lung cancer : nested case-control study within Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium
- 2019
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Ingår i: The BMJ. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1756-1833 .- 0959-8138. ; 364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To conduct a comprehensive analysis of prospectively measured circulating high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration and risk of lung cancer overall, by smoking status (never, former, and current smokers), and histological sub-type.Design Nested case-control study.Setting 20 population based cohort studies in Asia, Europe, Australia, and the United States.Participants 5299 patients with incident lung cancer, with individually incidence density matched controls.Exposure Circulating hsCRP concentrations in prediagnostic serum or plasma samples.Main outcome measure Incident lung cancer diagnosis.Results A positive association between circulating hsCRP concentration and the risk of lung cancer for current (odds ratio associated with a doubling in hsCRP concentration 1.09, 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.13) and former smokers (1.09, 1.04 to 1.14) was observed, but not for never smokers (P<0.01 for interaction). This association was strong and consistent across all histological subtypes, except for adenocarcinoma, which was not strongly associated with hsCRP concentration regardless of smoking status (odds ratio for adenocarcinoma overall 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.94 to 1.01). The association between circulating hsCRP concentration and the risk of lung cancer was strongest in the first two years of follow-up for former and current smokers. Including hsCRP concentration in a risk model, in addition to smoking based variables, did not improve risk discrimination overall, but slightly improved discrimination for cancers diagnosed in the first two years of follow-up.Conclusions Former and current smokers with higher circulating hsCRP concentrations had a higher risk of lung cancer overall. Circulating hsCRP concentration was not associated with the risk of lung adenocarcinoma. Circulating hsCRP concentration could be a prediagnostic marker of lung cancer rather than a causal risk factor.
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| 39. |
- Newson, William, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of extraction routes on protein content, solubility and molecular weight distribution of Crambe abyssinica protein concentrates and thermally processed films thereof
- 2017
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Ingår i: Industrial crops and products (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-6690 .- 1872-633X. ; 97, s. 591-598
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To understand if and how extraction conditions influence properties of molded protein films, Crambe abyssinica protein concentrates were produced from deoiled seed meal under various extraction conditions. Properties of the resulting hot compression molded films were evaluated through the molecular weight distribution, protein polymerization behavior and tensile tests. Precipitated protein concentrates demonstrated higher protein content and a pronounced shift to higher molecular weight distributions and reduced solubility on heating, indicating increased protein polymerization compared to those from lyophilized supernatants. Thermally processed films from isoelectrically precipitated protein concentrates show a high resistance to extraction with a combination of reducing agent and denaturant, indicating the presence of non-disulfide covalent cross linking. Also, tensile strength was higher in concentrates from precipitated proteins compared to those from supernatants. The protein concentrates resulting in thermally processed films with a high protein content, the highest levels of protein-protein interaction and high tensile strength were based on alkaline extraction and isoelectric precipitation. Therefore, a combination of alkali extraction and isoelectric precipitation is recommended to produce protein concentrates for molded film production.
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| 40. |
- Newson, William R., et al.
(författare)
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Commercial potato protein concentrate as a novel source for thermoformed bio-based plastic films with unusual polymerisation and tensile properties
- 2015
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Ingår i: RSC Advances. - 2046-2069. ; 5:41, s. 32217-32226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Commercial potato protein concentrate (PPC) was investigated as a source of thermoformed bio-based plastic film. Pressing temperatures of 100 to 190 degrees C with 15 to 25% glycerol were used to form PPC films. The shape of the tensile stress-strain curve in thermoformed PPC was controlled by glycerol level and was independent of processing temperature. Tensile testing revealed that elongation at break increased with processing temperature while Young's modulus was unaffected by processing temperature, both in contrast to previous results in protein based systems. Also in contrast to previous studies, Young's modulus was found to be only sensitive to glycerol level. Maximum tensile stress increased with increasing processing temperature for PPC films. Maximum stress and strain at break correlated with the extractable high molecular weight protein content of the processed films measured with size exclusion chromatography. Infrared absorption indicated that the content of beta-sheet structure increased from the commercial protein concentrate to that pressed at 100 degrees C, but did not further develop with increasing press temperature. Changes in structural arrangements were observed by small angle X-ray scattering indicating the development of different correlation distances with processing temperature but with no clear long range order at the supramolecular level. The novel Young's modulus behaviour appears to be due to constant secondary structure or the effect of aggregated protein structure formed during protein production. Unique strain at break behaviour with processing temperature was demonstrated, likely due to new connections formed between those aggregates.
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