| 51. |
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| 52. |
- Plym, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and endocrine therapy on sick leave in women with early-stage breast cancer during a 5-year period : a population-based cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. - : Springer. - 0167-6806 .- 1573-7217. ; 182:3, s. 699-707
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To examine the influence of type of oncological treatment on sick leave in women of working age with early-stage breast cancer.Methods: We identified 8870 women aged 30-64 diagnosed with stage I-II breast cancer between 2005 and 2012 in the Breast Cancer Data Base Sweden. Associations between type of oncological treatment (radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, and chemotherapy) and sick leave were estimated by hazard ratios, probabilities, and length of sick leave using multi-state survival analysis.Results: During the first 5 years after diagnosis, women aged 50-54 years at diagnosis receiving chemotherapy spent on average 182 (95% CI 151-218) additional days on sick leave compared with women not receiving chemotherapy, but with otherwise similar characteristics. Correspondingly, women initiating endocrine therapy spent 30 (95% CI 18-44) additional days on sick leave and women receiving post-mastectomy radiotherapy 53 (95% CI 37-69) additional days. At year five, the rate of sick leave was increased in women who had received chemotherapy (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.11-1.28) or endocrine therapy (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.05-1.26). Chemotherapy and endocrine therapy were associated with increased rates of sick leave due to depression or anxiety.Conclusion: Our findings of increased long-term risks of sick leave after oncological treatment for breast cancer warrant attention from caregivers taking part in cancer rehabilitation. In light of the ongoing debate about overtreatment of early-stage breast cancer, our findings point to the importance of properly selecting patients for chemotherapy not only for the medical toxicity but also the possible impact on their livelihood.
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| 53. |
- Pouransari, Zeinab, et al.
(författare)
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Higher order moments of passive and reacting scalars and their gradients in turbulent wall-jets
- 2020
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Ingår i: ETC 2013 - 14th European Turbulence Conference. - : Zakon Group LLC.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of local isotropy [1,2] of passive and active scalar fields is addressed for a turbulent wall-jet. A plane wall-jet is formed when a jet flow is injected parallel and next to a solid surface. At the inlet of the computational domain, both a fuel component (active) and a passive scalar are injected through the jet stream, within the height h [3]. The mean profiles of the two scalars are shown in Fig. 1. The remainder of the inlet consists of a coflow with a velocity of the order of 10% of the jet flow and contains 50% of the oxidizer. The reaction forms in such a way that a considerable amount of fuel is consumed throughout the domain. The main objective of this study is to use the DNS-database to address the statistical characteristics of both active and passive scalars. In particular, we discuss the properties of skewness and flatness at large and small scales. The scalar statistics are interesting both for applied problems, when the large scale properties such as the scalar variance and the scalar flux are examined, and for fundamental ones, concerning the universal properties of the advected fields.
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| 54. |
- Rasam, Amin, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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An explicit algebraic subgrid-scale scalar variance model
- 2020
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Ingår i: ETC 2013 - 14th European Turbulence Conference. - : Zakon Group LLC.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a subgrid-scale (SGS) scalar variance model based on the explicit algebraic subgrid scalar flux model, EASSFM (8). The EASSFM is a dynamic mixed nonlinear tensor eddy diffusivity model, which is derived from the modeled transport equation of the SGS scalar flux. The explicit algebraic form is obtained using the weak equilibrium assumption. The resulting model improves the direction of the predicted SGS flux vector and enables the prediction of shear-induced SGS fluxes, in contrast with the eddy diffusivity model. The EASSFM has been used for large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent channel flow with and without system rotation (8; 9) and has been found to improve LES predictions over the dynamic eddy diffusivity model. A priori analysis of the EASSFM using the filtered DNS data from a reacting turbulent wall-jet has been performed recently (6; 7), which also showed favorable results. In this study, we evaluate our SGS scalar variance model using the filtered DNS database of a turbulent reacting wall-jet, which is an extension of our previous study on reactive turbulent wall-jet flows (5; 7) to a larger simulation domain. The results show a good agreement between the filtered DNS and our model predictions for the passive and active scalars. This indicates that acceptable predictions of the SGS scalar variance can be obtained using the EASSFM with the new SGS scalar variance model.
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| 55. |
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| 56. |
- Rodriguez-Wallberg, Kenny A., et al.
(författare)
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Mortality from infancy to adolescence in singleton children conceived from assisted reproductive techniques versus naturally conceived singletons in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Fertility and Sterility. - : Elsevier. - 0015-0282 .- 1556-5653. ; 113:3, s. 524-532
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To assess infant (<1 year) and childhood (1-18 years) mortality in singletons conceived through assisted reproductive techniques (ART) versus naturally conceived singletons.Design: Nationwide prospective study.Setting: Sweden.Patient(s): All singleton liveborn infants born from 1983 to 2012 in Sweden identified using the Medical Birth Register (N = 2,847,108), of whom 43,506 were conceived through ART treatments including in vitro fertilization with and without intracytoplasmic sperm injection.Intervention(s): None.Main Outcome Measures(s): Infant (<1 year) and childhood (1-18 years) mortality.Result(s): Data on ART treatment and covariates were retrieved from population-based registers using the unique personal identity number assigned to all permanent residents in Sweden. Cox proportional hazards models estimated the hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as measures of association between ART treatments and death. The analyses were adjusted for maternal characteristics, infertility, child sex, and birth cohort and were restricted to individuals with complete information on covariates for fully adjusted analysis. Compared with naturally conceived singletons, higher infant mortality risks were seen in infants conceived through ART (adjusted HR 1.45; 95% CI, 1.19-1.77), especially after transfer of cryopreserved embryos (adjusted HR 2.30; 95% CI, 1.46-3.64). Early neonatal mortality risk (deaths during the first week) was increased in children born after transfer of blastocysts (HR 2.40; 95% CI, 1.05-5.48). No increased mortality risk was observed between the ages of 1 and 18 years.Conclusion(s): Singletons conceived through ART had an increased risk of infant mortality from birth up to 1 year of life, predominantly in the early neonatal period and in pregnancies after transfer of frozen and thawed embryos. (C) 2019 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.
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| 57. |
- Rovira, P, et al.
(författare)
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Shared genetic background between children and adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
- 2020
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Ingår i: Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1740-634X .- 0893-133X. ; 45:10, s. 1617-1626
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by age-inappropriate symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity that persist into adulthood in the majority of the diagnosed children. Despite several risk factors during childhood predicting the persistence of ADHD symptoms into adulthood, the genetic architecture underlying the trajectory of ADHD over time is still unclear. We set out to study the contribution of common genetic variants to the risk for ADHD across the lifespan by conducting meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies on persistent ADHD in adults and ADHD in childhood separately and jointly, and by comparing the genetic background between them in a total sample of 17,149 cases and 32,411 controls. Our results show nine new independent loci and support a shared contribution of common genetic variants to ADHD in children and adults. No subgroup heterogeneity was observed among children, while this group consists of future remitting and persistent individuals. We report similar patterns of genetic correlation of ADHD with other ADHD-related datasets and different traits and disorders among adults, children, and when combining both groups. These findings confirm that persistent ADHD in adults is a neurodevelopmental disorder and extend the existing hypothesis of a shared genetic architecture underlying ADHD and different traits to a lifespan perspective.
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