| 1. |
- Ambjörnsson, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Prehospital suspicion and identification of adult septic patients : Experiences of a screening tool
- 2016
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Ingår i: 2nd Global Conference on Emergency Nursing and Trauma Care, Melia Sitges, September 22-24, 2016.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Sepsis is life threatening and requires urgent healthcare to reduce suffering and death. Therefore it is important that septic patients are identified early to enable treatment. Aim: To investigate to what extent EMS personnel identified patients with sepsis using the “BAS 90-30-90” model, and to describe assessments and medical procedures that were undertaken by the personnel.Methods: This was a retrospective study where 185 EMS medical records were reviewed. The inclusion was based on patients who were later diagnosed with sepsis in the hospital. Results: A physician assessed the patients in 74 of the EMS cases, which lead to exclusion of these records in regard to the EMS personnel’s ability to identify sepsis. The personnel documented suspicion of severe sepsis in eight (n=8) of the remaining 111 records (7.2%). The proportion of patients ˃65 years of age was 73% (n=135) of which 37% (n=50) were over 80 years old. Thirty-nine percent (39%, n=72) were females. The personnel documented blood pressure in 91% (n=168), respiratory rate in 76% (n=140), saturation in 100% (n=185), temperature in 76% (n=141), and heart rate in 94% (n=174) of the records. Systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg was documented in 14,2% (n=24), respiratory rate ˃30 in 36% (n=50), saturation <90 in 49% (n=91), temperature >38°C in 37.6% (n=53), and heart rate ˃90 in 70% (n=121) of the records. Documented medical procedures and treatments were intravenous lines (70%, n=130), intravenous fluids (10%, n=19) and administration of oxygen (72%, n=133).Conclusion: The EMS personnel identified only a few septic patients with the help of the BAS 90-30-90 model when all three criteria would be met for severe sepsis. Either advanced age (>65 years), fever (>38°C) or tachypnea (˃20 breaths/min) appeared to increase the personnel’s suspicion of sepsis. Oxygen, but not intravenous fluids, was given in an adequate way.
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| 2. |
- Lindström, Per, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Non-linear fracture mechanics in LS-DYNA and LS-PrePost
- 2015
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Ingår i: European LS-DYNA Conference 2015. - Würzburg : DYNAmore GmbH.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fracture mechanics provides an engineering framework for assessing the consequences of defects instructures. In linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), stress intensity factors KI, KII and KIII are usedfor characterizing the stress singularity at the crack tip, which arises from the theory of linear elasticity.Crack growth is assumed to occur when KI exceeds the fracture toughness KC. LEFM can be usefulfor brittle materials, or when the size of the plastic zone is small compared to global dimensions. In non-linear fracture mechanics (EPFM), an energy based criterion is used for assessing the risk forcrack growth: if the energy release rate at the crack tip exceeds what is required for creating newsurfaces in the material, crack growth will occur. Under certain assumptions the energy release rate atthe crack tip can be calculated by a path independent integral, the so-called J-integral. In modernFE-based fracture mechanics applied to practical design, the structure under consideration ismodelled, including cracks at specific locations, and the J-integral values are computed and used asdesign criteria. From a numerics viewpoint, the J-integral has many appealing properties: it can beevaluated from the far-field solution, which reduces numerical errors that may arise close to the cracktip, and the expected path-independence can to some extent be used as a quick check on solutionvalidity.Evaluation of the J-integral from LS-DYNA simulation results has been implemented as a postprocessingtool in LS-PrePost, including consistent treatment of residual stresses. The implementationcovers both 2D (plane stress / plane strain) and 3D applications, using the virtual crack-tip extension(VCE) method. The tool is accessible both via the LS-PrePost GUI and via command file interface.
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| 3. |
- Chen, Chao, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Mathematical modelling of molten alloy mixing in a continuous casting tundish - A hydrodynamic study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 6th International Congress on the Science and Technology of Steelmaking, ICS 2015. - : Chinese Society for Metals. ; , s. 407-411
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emergence of the nozzle clogging have inspired steelmakers to optimize the alloying routine from alloying in ladle to alloying in tundish or in continuous casting mould. Meanwhile, wire injection in tundish has been shown to be successful for postalloying and tundish temperature adjustment. However, there is limited information on the continuous feeding of alloy in tundishes. There are three aspects to be considered: a) "alloy melting", b) "alloy particle dispersion" and c) "liquid alloy mixing". In the present paper, the "liquid alloy mixing" process is studied using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) from a hydrodynamic perspective. In the simulation, the molten alloy is described by the density coupled mixed composition fluid model, which has been verified and validated by water modelling experiments using black ink and KCl tracer mixing in water as a priori. In the present model, the density of the liquid alloy is assumed to be 1.15 or 0.85 times of that of the liquid steel. Thereafter, the denser alloy injection at two positions has been studied, i.e. near the inlet (L1) and at the centre of the tundish (L2). The results indicate that the breakthrough time for the mass fraction of alloy at the outlet are about 100s for both locations. The difference is when the alloy was injected at the center (L2), there is a bypassing flow above the dam. As a result, the mass fraction of alloy at the outlet increases rapidly but the homogeneity in the tundish bath is reduced. Moreover, the denser alloy injection with different velocities was studied. The result shows that the mixing is slightly enhanced during the initial injection stage for the big velocity case. Besides, a test simulation on the mixing of a lighter alloy indicates that the alloy is floating to the top surface.
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| 4. |
- Giordano, Giulia, et al.
(författare)
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A convex optimization approach to cancer treatment to address tumor heterogeneity and imperfect drug penetration in physiological compartments
- 2016
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Ingår i: 2016 IEEE 55th Conference on Decision and Control, CDC 2016. - 9781509018376 ; , s. 2494-2500
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The clinical success of targeted cancer therapies is limited by the emergence of drug resistance often due to pre-existing tumor genetic heterogeneity and acquired, therapy-induced resistance. Targeted therapies have varied success in addressing metastatic disease, due to their ability to penetrate certain physiological compartments. This paper considers an evolutionary cancer model that incorporates tumor cell growth, mutation and compartmental migration and leverages recent results on the optimal control of monotone and convex systems to synthesize switching treatment strategies where a single drug or a predetermined combination of drugs is used at a given time. The need for switching is motivated by clinical considerations such as the limited effectiveness of any single targeted therapy against multiple resistance mechanisms arising in a single patient and the inability to design drug combinations at effective doses due to toxicity constraints. An optimal and clinically feasible switching therapy is obtained as the solution of a convex optimization problem that exploits the diagonally-dominant structure of the model. We demonstrate that this method yields an effective strategy in mitigating disease evolution in the presence of imperfect drug penetration in two compartments on an experimentally identified model of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged lung carcinoma.
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| 6. |
- Iraguha, Gasore, et al.
(författare)
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Using an integrated planning guide for the selection and design of a multi-process strategy for bioremediation of toxaphene and heavy metal contaminated soil in a tropical region
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Linnaeus Eco-Tech Conference on Natural Sciences and Technologies for Waste and Wastewater Treatment, Remediation, Emissions related to Climate, Environmental, and Economic Effects.. - : Linnaeus University. - 9789188357410
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The application of pesticides and inappropriate soil management during intensive cotton farming in Chinandega, Nicaragua has left the soil with high residues of toxaphene and potentially several toxic metalloids and heavy metals from the overuse of mineral fertilizers. Most effective remediation approaches are relatively expensive and use technologies that are energy-intensive and hence not applicable in regions with low economic incentives for remediation. The selection of appropriate and low-cost approaches for soil remediation requires a structured and systematic process to ensure reliable outcomes with low environmental impact. The ideal situation is if such projects could contribute to a sustainable development in the region where the remediation is taking place. An Integrated Planning Guide which includes the key concepts of Ecological Engineering within the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development was used in the identification and design of some applicable and efficient approaches for the clean-up of soil in Chinandega. This resulted in the design of a multi-process bioremediation strategy that meets the sustainability criteria of the Integrated Planning Guide and that has the potential to degrade toxaphene and remediate heavy metals and metalloids in the soil using Jatropha curcas L. for phytoremediation in combination with Bio-augmentation, biochar as a soil amendment, and the use of biochar and alginate as carriers of toxaphene degrading inocula.
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| 9. |
- Lundström, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Some considerations about the development and implementation process of a new agricultural decision support system for site-specific fertilization
- 2015
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Ingår i: Precision agriculture ’15. - Wageningen : Wageningen Academic Publishers. - 9789086862672 - 9789086868148 ; , s. 437-444
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precision agriculture provides important routes toward a more sustainable agriculture. Many farmers have the necessary technology to operate site-specifically, but they do not use it in practice, and available IT systems are not used to their full potential. This paper discusses how to reduce the so-called ‘implementation problem’ in order to improve the ongoing development process of a webbased fertilization project in Sweden. The intention of the project is to apply a participatory design approach, and some pitfalls on starting to use this approach in the development and implementation process are identified as well as some suggestions on how to reduce them.
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| 10. |
- Lundström, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainability as a governing principle in the use of agricultural decision support systems : The case of CropSAT
- 2016
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Ingår i: Social and Technological Transformationof Farming Systems. - Harper Adams University, UK : IFSA consortium. ; , s. 1648-1660, s. 93-94
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precision agriculture (PA) is an important part of sustainable intensification, where information and communications technology (ICT) and other technologies are necessary but not sufficient for sustainable farming systems. Many agricultural decision support systems (AgriDSS) have been developed to support farmers to manage an increased amount of gathered data. However, the traditional approach to AgriDSS development is based on the knowledge transfer perspective, which has resulted in technology being considered as an isolated phenomenon and thus not adapted to farmers’ actual needs or their decision making in practice. The aim of this study was to improve understanding of farmers’ use of AgriDSS. The theoretical framework of distributed cognition (DCog) was used as a lense when investigating and analysing farmers' use of a software tool developed for calculation of variable rate application (VRA) files for nitrogen (N) fertilisation from satellite images called CropSAT. In a case study, the unit of analysis was broadened to the whole socio-technical system of farmer’s decision-making, including other people and different kinds of tools and artefacts. The results reveal that CropSAT functions as a tool to support decision making and promotes social learning through the use of enhanced professional vision.
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