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- Kecklund, Lena, et al.
(author)
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The TRAIN-project: Effects of Organizational Factors, Automatic Train Control, Work Hours, and Environment: Suggestions for Safety-Enhancing Measures
- 2003
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In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomic Society, 47th Annual Meeting. ; , s. 1835-1839
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of the TRAIN project was to describe and analyse the train drivers information environment, working hours, work situation and work environment and their effect on drivers' behaviour and the train driver system safety as well as to propose safety enhancing measures. The results indicate several problems of significance to the train driver system safety, which have been grouped into three main areas; organizational support functions, information environment including cognitive ergonomics and ATC and also working hours, work situation and work environment.
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- Anund, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Min trötta resa
- 2004
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In order to reduce the number of fatigue related accidents and to identify countermeasures that will be widely accepted by the drivers, it is necessary to consider the drivers' point of view. Understanding the drivers' experiences and conception of the dangers due to driver fatigue is necessary when trying to find effective actions that stand a good chance of being accepted by the drivers. The main objective of this study was to increase knowledge about what information drivers need to: - recognise the feeling of being fatigued; - realise the danger of driving while fatigued; - encourage fatigued drivers to take a break. A questionnaire was constructed on the basis of three discussions with focus groups; one with young drivers, one with professional drivers and one with commuters, and sent out to a random sample of 3,000 car owners in Sweden. The questionnaires were distributed during the winter 2002/2003. The response rate was approximately 62 percent. The results indicated that the drivers were aware of the sensation of fatigue. Furthermore, the results indicated that drivers underestimated the risk of driving fatigue and overestimated their own ability to manage the situation. The use of countermeasures differed between the driver groups. Young drivers seem to have a lack of knowledge concerning lasting countermeasures. They turned on the radio or increased the volume of the radio or asked passengers to talk with them. Older drivers seem to be more in favour of taking a break for a nap. Among the respondents, 55 drivers reported that they had been involved in at least one fatigue related accident during the last ten years. The difference between drivers who had been involved in a fatigue related accident and those who had not, indicated e.g. that those involved in accidents rated their capability of fighting fatigue while driving lower than the others.
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| 4. |
- Anund, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Trötthet i fokus
- 2002
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Föreliggande studie har finansierats av Vägverket. Syftet med studien har varit dels att öka kun-skapen om var trötthetsolyckorna inträffar, dels att formulera hypoteser om vad som påverkar en förare att utveckla trötthet. Fokus har legat på hypoteser om vilken information förare behöver för att:"känna igen" och uppmärksamma trötthetskänslanavstå från att köra när man blir tröttöka förståelsen av faran i att köra när man är tröttArbetet baseras på dels en analys av polisrapporterade olyckor, dels ett arbete med diskussioner i fokusgrupp. Sammanlagt har tre diskussioner genomförts, en med långpendlare, en med unga förare och en med yrkesförare. Arbetet har mynnat ut i ett frågeformulär, med vars hjälp erhållna hypoteser avses att kunna testas för att avgöra om resultaten är generaliserbara. Inom ramen för projektet har frågeformuläret testats på såväl olycksdrabbade förare som på ett slumpmässigt urval av fordonsägare ur fordonsregistret.
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| 6. |
- Dahlgren, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Individual differences in the diurnal cortisol response to stress
- 2004
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In: Chronobiology International. - 0742-0528 .- 1525-6073. ; 21:6, s. 913-922
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objectives of this study were to explore individual differences associated with diverse reactions in cortisol secretion under different stress levels. This study was part of a larger project concerning working hours and health. Thirty-four whitecollar workers participated under two different conditions; one work week with a high stress level (H) and one with a lower stress level (L) as measured through self-rated stress during workdays. Based on the morning cortisol concentration during a workday subjects were divided into two groups. One group consisted of subjects whose morning level of cortisol increased in response to the high-stress week, compared to their morning levels in the low-stress condition (Group 1). The other group consisted of subjects whose morning cortisol response was the opposite, with a lower level under the high stress condition (Group 2). Subjects wore actiwatches, completed a sleep diary, and rated their sleepiness and stress for one work week in each condition, i.e., high and low stress. Saliva samples for measures of cortisol were collected on a Wednesday. Group 2 reported higher workload, fatigue, and exhaustion during both weeks. Since there were no differences in perceived stress, neither within nor between groups, the data indicate that there are other factors influencing morning cortisol. The results suggest that one component modulating the cortisol response might be the level of exhaustion, probably related to work overload. Higher levels of stress in exhausted individuals might suppress morning cortisol levels.
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| 9. |
- Persson, Roger, et al.
(author)
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Effects of the implementation of an 84-hour workweek on neurobehavioral test performance and cortisol responsiveness during testing.
- 2003
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 29:4, s. 261-269
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether long workhours in combination with an extended workweek (12 hours/7 days), as requested by the workers, impaired attention and cognitive performance and whether the degree of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activation was related to the response to the performance tasks. METHODS: A group of 41 male construction workers between 21 and 60 (mean 39) years of age who worked 84 hours a week, with alternate weeks off, was compared with a group of 23 male construction workers between 24 and 65 (mean 43) years of age who had a traditional 40-hour work schedule. Neurobehavioral test performance, self-ratings of fatigue and sleepiness, and salivary cortisol levels were evaluated in a counterbalanced repeated-measures design. RESULTS: The 84-hour group did not show any signs of reduced test performance or elevated fatigue and sleepiness. The 84-hour group had faster reaction times on day 7 than on days 1 and 5. Although the expected activation of the HPA axis was only found in the total study sample when workdays 1 and 5 were collapsed, the HPA activation can be considered normal. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that an 84-hour work regimen in response to requests from workers does not induce more performance deficits than an ordinary 40-hour workweek. An extended work schedule of 84 hours cannot in the short-term be considered to affect basic mental capabilities negatively.
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| 10. |
- Åkerstedt, Torbjörn, et al.
(author)
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A 6-hour working day : effects on well-being
- 2001
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In: Journal of Human Ergology. - Tokyo : Human Ergology Research Association. - 0300-8134. ; 30:1/2, s. 197-202
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of the total amount of work hours and the benefits of a shortening is frequently debated, but very little data is available. The present study compared a group (N=41) that obtained a 9h reduction of the working week (to a 6h day) with a comparison group (N=22) that retained normal work hours. Both groups were constituted of mainly female health care and day care nursery personnel. The experimental group retained full pay and extra personnel were employed to compensate for loss of hours. Questionnaire data were obtained before and 1 year after the change. The data were analyzed using two-factor ANOVA with the interaction of year*group for social factors, sleep quality, mental fatigue, and heart/respiratory complaints, and attitude to work hours. In all cases the experimental group improved whereas the control group did not change. It was concluded that shortened work hours have clear social effects and moderate effects on well-being.
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