| 1. |
- Eklund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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A Brain Computer Interface for Communication Using Real-Time fMRI
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition. - Los Alamitos, CA, USA : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781424475421 ; , s. 3665-3669
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the first step towards a brain computer interface (BCI) for communication using real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The subject in the MR scanner sees a virtual keyboard and steers a cursor to select different letters that can be combined to create words. The cursor is moved to the left by activating the left hand, to the right by activating the right hand, down by activating the left toes and up by activating the right toes. To select a letter, the subject simply rests for a number of seconds. We can thus communicate with the subject in the scanner by for example showing questions that the subject can answer. Similar BCI for communication have been made with electroencephalography (EEG). The subject then focuses on a letter while different rows and columns of the virtual keyboard are flashing and the system tries to detect if the correct letter is flashing or not. In our setup we instead classify the brain activity. Our system is neither limited to a communication interface, but can be used for any interface where five degrees of freedom is necessary.
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| 2. |
- Eklund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Using Real-Time fMRI to Control a Dynamical System by Brain Activity Classification
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We present a method for controlling a dynamical system using real-time fMRI. The objective for the subject in the MR scanner is to balance an inverted pendulum by activating the left or right hand or resting. The brain activity is classified each second by a neural network and the classification is sent to a pendulum simulator to change the force applied to the pendulum. The state of the inverted pendulum is shown to the subject in a pair of VR goggles. The subject was able to balance the inverted pendulum during several minutes, both with real activity and imagined activity. In each classification 9000 brain voxels were used and the response time for the system to detect a change of activity was on average 2-4 seconds. The developments here have a potential to aid people with communication disabilities, such as locked in people. Another future potential application can be to serve as a tool for stroke and Parkinson patients to be able to train the damaged brain area and get real-time feedback for more efficient training.
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| 3. |
- Hergens, Maria-Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Use of Scandinavian Moist Smokeless Tobacco (Snus) and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Epidemiology. - 1044-3983 .- 1531-5487. ; 25:6, s. 872-876
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Snus is a smokeless tobacco product, widely used among Swedish men and increasingly so elsewhere. There is debate as to whether snus is an acceptable "harm-reduction" tobacco product. Since snus use delivers a dose of nicotine equivalent to cigarettes, and has been implicated in cardiac arrhythmia because of associations with sudden cardiovascular death, a relation with atrial fibrillation is plausible and important to investigate.METHODS:: To assess the relation between use of snus and risk of atrial fibrillation, we carried out a pooled analysis of 7 prospective Swedish cohort studies. In total, 274,882 men, recruited between 1978 and 2004, were followed via the National Patient Register for atrial fibrillation. Primary analyses were restricted to 127,907 never-smokers. Relative risks were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression.RESULTS:: The prevalence of snus use was 25% among never-smokers. During follow-up, 3,069 cases of atrial fibrillation were identified. The pooled relative risk of atrial fibrillation was 1.07 (95% confidence interval = 0.97-1.19) in current snus users, compared with nonusers.CONCLUSION:: Findings from this large national pooling project indicate that snus use is unlikely to confer any important increase in risk of atrial fibrillation.
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| 4. |
- Knutsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Shift work and diabetes - A systematic review
- 2014
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Ingår i: Chronobiology International. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0742-0528 .- 1525-6073. ; 31:10, s. 1146-1151
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, which has an increasing trend all over the world. Type 2 diabetes constitutes 90% of all diabetes. It is associated with weight gain and insulin resistance. Research during recent years has suggested that shift work could be a risk factor of type 2 diabetes. Since shift work is becoming more common, it could contribute to the increasing trend of diabetes. In this systematic review, we have studied the potential association between shift work and type 2 diabetes. We have also reviewed studies on control of diabetes in relation to shift work.
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| 5. |
- Nguyen, Tan Khoa, et al.
(författare)
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Concurrent Volume Visualization of Real-Time fMRI
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 8th IEEE/EG International Symposium on Volume Graphics. - Goslar, Germany : Eurographics - European Association for Computer Graphics. - 9783905674231 ; , s. 53-60
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a novel approach to interactive and concurrent volume visualization of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). While the patient is in the scanner, data is extracted in real-time using state-of-the-art signal processing techniques. The fMRI signal is treated as light emission when rendering a patient-specific high resolution reference MRI volume, obtained at the beginning of the experiment. As a result, the brain glows and emits light from active regions. The low resolution fMRI signal is thus effectively fused with the reference brain with the current transfer function settings yielding an effective focus and context visualization. The delay from a change in the fMRI signal to the visualization is approximately 2 seconds. The advantage of our method over standard 2D slice based methods is shown in a user study. We demonstrate our technique through experiments providing interactive visualization to the fMRI operator and also to the test subject in the scanner through a head mounted display.
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| 6. |
- Romelsjö, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Dags kräva stopp för utarmat uran i vapen
- 2012
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Ingår i: Goeteborgs - Posten. - 1103-9345.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Vapenprojektiler och pansar dopat med uran kan orsaka cancer, missbildningar och död hos den som hanterar eller utsätts för dem. Svenska folket måste nu få veta om sådana vapen tillverkas av Bofors och om svenska soldater kommit i kontakt med dem. Det är också hög tid för riksdagen att verka för ett förbud mot dessa vapen, skriver bland andra professor Anders Romelsjö.
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| 7. |
- Sjödin, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Measures against preschool noise and its adverse effects on the personnel : an intervention study
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 87:1, s. 95-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to analyze the exposure effects of different types of noise measures carried out at preschools. The project was carried out as an intervention study. The investigation included 89 employees at 17 preschools in the northern part of Sweden. Individual noise recordings and recordings in dining rooms and play halls were made at two departments in each preschool. The adverse effects on the employees were analyzed with validated questionnaires and saliva cortisol samples. Evaluations were made before and 1 year after the first measurement. Between the two measurements, measures were taken to improve the sound environments at the preschools. The effects of the measures varied a lot, with respect to both the sound environments and health. Regarding acoustical measures, significant changes were seen for some of the variables analyzed. For most of the tested effects, the changes, however, were very small and non-significant. The effects of organizational measures on the objective and subjective noise values were in overall less pronounced. Acoustical measures improved the subjectively rated sound environment more than organizational measures. This may be due to the high work effort needed to implement organizational measures. Even though the sound level was not lower, the personnel experienced improvements of the sound environment.
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| 8. |
- Sjödin, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Minimizing speech contribution using different microphone noise dosimeter positions
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of BNAM 2012. - Odense : University of Southern Denmark. - 9788799540006
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Use of noise dosimeter recordings in low sound level environments is often problematic due to the voice contribution from the carrier. The aim of the study was to find a microphone position with low speech contribution while still providing an accurate sound level recording. An experiment with different microphone positions was conducted in a low sound reverberation room. Two types of noise dosimeters were used (Brüel & Kjaer 4445 and Larson Davis Spark 706-Atex). In repeated measurements the carrier was instructed to read a text chapter during 60 seconds and at a speech of level about 60 dB(A), acquired by practice, with different background noise and noise levels. White noise and preschool noise was used at sound levels 50, 60, 70 and 80 dB(A). The voice contribution to the background noise level was then measured. Three microphone positions were tested; on the shoulder, above the ear and on the back of the head. The position with the microphone placed behind the head of the carrier had the lowest speech contribution, less than 2 dB(A) to the background noise at 70 dB(A). This compared to positions right above the ear 6 dB(A and on the shoulder 12 dB(A).
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| 9. |
- Sjödin, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Noise and stress effects on preschool personnel
- 2012
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Ingår i: Noise & Health. - : Medknow. - 1463-1741 .- 1998-4030. ; 14:59, s. 166-178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to analyze the presence of stress-related health problems among preschool employees and the way in which these reactions are related to noise and other work parameters. The investigation included 101 employees at 17 preschools in Umea County, located in northern Sweden. Individual noise recordings and recordings in dining rooms and play halls were made at two departments from each preschool. The adverse effects on the employees were analyzed by use of different validated questionnaires and by saliva cortisol samples. Stress and energy output were pronounced among the employees, and about 30 of the staff experienced strong burnout syndromes. Mental recovery after work was low, indicated by remaining high levels of stress after work. The burnout symptoms were associated with reduced sleep quality and morning sleepiness. Cortisol levels supported the conclusion about pronounced daily stress levels of the preschool employees.
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| 10. |
- Sjödin, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Noise exposure and auditory effects on preschool personnel
- 2012
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Ingår i: Noise & Health. - : Medknow Publications. - 1463-1741 .- 1998-4030. ; 14:57, s. 72-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hearing impairments and tinnitus are being reported in an increasing extent from employees in the preschool. The investigation included 101 employees at 17 preschools in Umeå county, Sweden. Individual noise recordings and stationary recordings in dining rooms and play halls were conducted at two departments per preschool. The effects of noise exposures were carried out through audiometric screenings and by use of questionnaires. The average individual noise exposure was close to 71 dB(A), with individual differences but small differences between the preschools. The noise levels in the dining room and playing halls were about 64 dB(A), with small differences between the investigated types of rooms and preschools. The hearing loss of the employees was significantly higher for the frequencies tested when compared with an unexposed control group in Sweden. Symptoms of tinnitus were reported among about 31% of the employees. Annoyance was rated as somewhat to very annoying. The voices of the children were the most annoying noise source. The dB(A) level and fluctuation of the noise exposure were significantly correlated to the number of children per department. The preschool sound environment is complex and our findings indicate that the sound environment is hazardous regarding auditory disorders. The fluctuation of the noise is of special interest for further research.
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