| 1. |
- Abrahamsson, Lillemor, et al.
(author)
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Proteiner
- 2006
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In: Näringslära för högskolan. - : Liber AB, Stockholm. - 9147053550 ; , s. 131-165
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Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Niklas, 1970, et al.
(author)
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Investigation of central versus peripheral effects of estradiol in ovariectomized mice
- 2005
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In: J Endocrinol. - : Bioscientifica. - 0022-0795 .- 1479-6805. ; 187:2, s. 303-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is generally believed that estrogens exert their bone sparing effects directly on the cells within the bone compartment. The aim of the present study was to investigate if central mechanisms might be involved in the bone sparing effect of estrogens. The dose-response of central (i.c.v) 17beta-estradiol (E2) administration was compared with that of peripheral (s.c.) administration in ovariectomized (ovx) mice. The dose-response curves for central and peripheral E2 administration did not differ for any of the studied estrogen-responsive tissues, indicating that these effects were mainly peripheral. In addition, ovx mice were treated with E2 and/or the peripheral estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780. ICI 182,780 attenuated most of the estrogenic response regarding uterus weight, retroperitoneal fat weight, cortical BMC and trabecular bone mineral content (P<0.05). These findings support the notion that the primary target tissue that mediates the effect of E2 on bone is peripheral and not central.
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| 3. |
- Forsum, Elisabet, 1947-, et al.
(author)
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Calculation of energy expenditure in women using the MET system
- 2006
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In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 38:8, s. 1520-1525
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Interpretation of physical activity as energy expenditure requires adjustment for body size. This is usually accomplished by means of the MET system, which assumes a basal metabolic rate (BMR) of 4.184 kJ·kg -1·h-1 and, when the standard calculation is used, that the energy costs of different activities are proportional to BMR. These relationships may be altered by increases in percent total body fat (% TBF), and this paper examines relationships between % TBF and total energy expenditure (TEE) obtained using the standard and a proposed calculation. Methods: Published data regarding body composition, physical activity (heart rate recording), and BMR in 11 American women (before and after weight gain) and in 15 Swedish women (before and during pregnancy) were used to calculate TEE. Reference estimates of TEE were obtained using doubly labeled water. Results: In Swedish women, reference TEE minus standard TEE (MJ·24 h-1) was 1.37 ± 1.29 (P < 0.01) before and 1.03 ± 1.13 (P < 0.05) during pregnancy. For proposed TEE these differences were 0.43 ± 1.63 (P > 0.05) and 0.31 ± 1.28 (P > 0.05) (MJ·24 h-1), respectively. In American women before and after weight gain, reference TEE minus standard TEE (MJ·24 h-1) were 0.38 ± 1.79 (P > 0.05) and 1.39 ± 2.36 (P > 0.05), respectively, whereas the corresponding differences for proposed TEE (MJ·24 h-1) were -0.52 ± 2.20 (P > 0.05) and 0.21 ± 2.36 (P > 0.05), respectively. In Swedish women before pregnancy and American women after weight gain (N = 26, BMI = 18-39), significant (P < 0.001) relationships were found for standard TEE/proposed TEE (y) versus % TBF, (x, r = -0.65) and versus BMI (x, r = -0.70). Conclusions: In individuals with a TBF content typical for contemporary Western women, standard TEE is lower than proposed TEE. This bias increases as the TBF content of subjects increases. The results indicate that proposed TEE is more accurate than standard TEE, but this requires confirmation. Copyright © 2006 by the American College of Sports Medicine.
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| 4. |
- Forsum, Elisabet, et al.
(author)
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Energy metabolism during human pregnancy
- 2007
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In: Annual review of nutrition (Print). - : Annual Reviews. - 0199-9885 .- 1545-4312. ; 27, s. 277-292
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This review summarizes information regarding how human energy metabolism is affected by pregnancy, and current estimates of energy requirements during pregnancy are presented. Such estimates can be calculated using either increases in basal metabolic rate (BMR) or increases in total energy expenditure (TEE). The two modes of calculation give similar results for a complete pregnancy but different distributions of energy requirements in the three trimesters. Recent information is presented regarding the effect of pregnancy on BMR, TEE, diet-induced thermogenesis, and physical activity. The validity of energy intake (EI) data recendy assessed in well-nourished pregnant women was evaluated using information regarding energy metabolism during pregnancy. The results show that underreporting of EI is common during pregnancy and indicate that additional longitudinal studies, taking the total energy budget during pregnancy into account, are needed to satisfactorily define energy requirements during the three trimesters of gestation. Copyright © 2007 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Forsum, Elisabet, 1947-, et al.
(author)
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Maternal body composition in relation to infant birth weight and subcutaneous adipose tissue
- 2006
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In: British Journal of Nutrition. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 96:2, s. 408-414
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Infant birth weight has increased recently, representing an obstetric and potentially a public health problem since high birth weight involves a risk of obesity later in life. Maternal nutritional status is important for fetal growth and therefore relationships between maternal body weight and composition v. birth weight and infant subcutaneous adipose tissue were investigated in twenty-three healthy women and their newborn infants using multiple and simple linear regression analysis. Furthermore, using previously published data for nineteen infants, it was demonstrated that an anthropometric method could provide useful estimates of the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Birth weight was correlated with the maternal content of total body fat (TBF) both before pregnancy and in gestational week 32 and, together with gestational age at birth, TBF (%) before pregnancy explained 45% of the variation in birth weight. This figure was not increased when gestational gains in weight or TBF were added to the model. Furthermore, in infants, birth weight correlated with the amount of their subcutaneous adipose tissue. Together maternal TBF (%) and amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue in infants explained 61–63% of the variation in birth weight while the amount of infant subcutaneous adipose tissue alone explained only 55%. The maternal TBF content is likely to be important for the recent increase in birth weight. This factor probably causes a general augmentation in fetal growth rather than a specific stimulation of adipose tissue growth.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Gardeström, Johanna, et al.
(author)
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The effect of thermal stress on protein composition in dogwhelks (Nucella lapillus) under normoxic and hyperoxic conditions
- 2007
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In: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-6433 .- 1531-4332. ; 148:4, s. 869-875
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this laboratory study, dogwhelks (Nucella lapillus) were collected from the intertidal zone and exposed to 16 °C (ambient), 26.5 °C and 30 °C under normal and hyperoxic conditions respectively. It was shown that there was no thermally induced mortality at 26.5 °C, but that the mortality rate was 40–50% in 30 °C. This mortality rate was reduced to 10% if extra oxygen was provided, indicating that oxygen supply was setting the limit for whole organism thermal tolerance. Tissue samples were then analysed for protein features using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and both up and down regulation of proteins were visualised by silver staining and crosswise comparisons of gels from control vs. treated animals. The results clearly show that the protein profiles from dogwhelks exposed to increased water temperatures differ from those of the control, but that increased oxygen availability alleviates these differences thus increasing the similarity between heat-shocked and control animal protein pattern. This implies a more stable protein metabolism and might explain the increased survival of heat-shocked individuals when extra oxygen is supplied.
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| 8. |
- Hedelin, Maria, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Dietary phytoestrogens are not associated with risk of overall breast cancer but diets rich in coumestrol are inversely associated with risk of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor negative breast tumors in Swedish women.
- 2008
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In: The Journal of nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1541-6100 .- 0022-3166. ; 138:5, s. 938-945
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Results from epidemiological and experimental studies indicate that phytoestrogens may protect against breast cancer. Because one of the biological effects of phytoestrogens is probably estrogenic, it's possible that the preventive effect on breast cancer differs by estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR) status of the tumor. We evaluated the associations between dietary phytoestrogen (isoflavonoids, lignans, and coumestrol) intake and risk of breast cancer and whether the ER/PR statuses of the tumor influence this relationship. In 1991-2 a prospective population-based cohort study among Swedish pre- and postmenopausal women was performed, making questionnaire data available for 45,448 women. A total of 1014 invasive breast cancers were diagnosed until December 2004. Cox proportional hazards models were performed to estimate multivariate risk ratios, 95% CI for associations with risk of breast cancer. Intakes of lignan, isoflavonoid, or coumestrol were not associated with breast cancer risk overall or before or after 50 y of age. The effects of lignans or isoflavonoids were independent of receptor status. However, intake of coumestrol was associated with decreased risk of receptor negative tumors (ER-PR-) but not positive tumors. The risk of ER-PR- tumors was significantly lower (50%) in women with intermediate coumestrol intake compared with those who did not consume any. In conclusion, we found no association between intake of isoflavonoids or lignans and breast cancer risk. Our results of a decreased risk of ER-PR- tumors in women with intermediate intake of coumestrol could be due to chance because of the low intake. The results should be confirmed in other studies.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Kuper, Hannah, et al.
(author)
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Prospective Study of Solar Exposure, Dietary Vitamin D Intake, and Risk of Breast Cancer among Middle-aged Women
- 2009
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In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania : American Association for Cancer Research. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 18:9, s. 2558-2561
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The relationship between solar exposure or dietary vitamin D intake and breast cancer risk has not been fully elucidated. These associations were studied within the Womens Lifestyle and Health Cohort Study, a cohort of 49,259 Swedish women ages 30 to 50 years at baseline (1991-1992). Women were asked about solar exposure and completed a food frequency questionnaire and were followed-up through linkages to national registries until December 2004. In the current analyses, 41,889 women were included, 840 of whom were diagnosed with breast cancer during follow-up. Breast cancer risk was not related to solar exposure variables, including sun sensitivity, annual number of sunburns, time spent on sunbathing vacations, or solarium use at any age period of exposure. There was also no association with dietary vitamin D intake or supplementary multivitamin use. These relationships were not modified after stratifying by estrogen or progesterone receptor status.
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