| 41. |
- Jansson, Kristofer, et al.
(författare)
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Ballistic modeling of InAs nanowire transistors
- 2016
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Ingår i: Solid-State Electronics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-1101. ; 115, s. 47-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, the intrinsic performance of InAs nanowire transistors is evaluated in the ballistic limit. A self-consistent Schrodinger-Poisson solver is utilized in the cylindrical geometry, while accounting for conduction band non-parabolicity. The transistor characteristics are derived from simulations of ballistic transport within the nanowire. Using this approach, the performance is calculated for a continuous range of nanowire diameters and the transport properties are mapped. A transconductance exceeding 4 S/mm is predicted at a gate overdrive of 0.5 V and it is shown that the performance is improved with scaling. Furthermore, the influence from including self-consistency and non-parabolicity in the band structure simulations is quantified. It is demonstrated that the effective mass approximation underestimates the transistor performance due to the highly non-parabolic conduction band in InAs. Neglecting self-consistency severely overestimates the device performance, especially for thick nanowires. The error introduced by both of these approximations gets increasingly worse under high bias conditions. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis uncovers novel loci influencing circulating leptin levels
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leptin is an adipocyte-secreted hormone, the circulating levels of which correlate closely with overall adiposity. Although rare mutations in the leptin (LEP) gene are well known to cause leptin deficiency and severe obesity, no common loci regulating circulating leptin levels have been uncovered. Therefore, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of circulating leptin levels from 32,161 individuals and followed up loci reaching P<10(-6) in 19,979 additional individuals. We identify five loci robustly associated (P<5 × 10(-8)) with leptin levels in/near LEP, SLC32A1, GCKR, CCNL1 and FTO. Although the association of the FTO obesity locus with leptin levels is abolished by adjustment for BMI, associations of the four other loci are independent of adiposity. The GCKR locus was found associated with multiple metabolic traits in previous GWAS and the CCNL1 locus with birth weight. Knockdown experiments in mouse adipose tissue explants show convincing evidence for adipogenin, a regulator of adipocyte differentiation, as the novel causal gene in the SLC32A1 locus influencing leptin levels. Our findings provide novel insights into the regulation of leptin production by adipose tissue and open new avenues for examining the influence of variation in leptin levels on adiposity and metabolic health.
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| 44. |
- Lewandowska, A. M., et al.
(författare)
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The influence of balanced and imbalanced resource supply on biodiversity-functioning relationship across ecosystems
- 2016
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Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8436 .- 1471-2970. ; 371:1694
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous studies show that increasing species richness leads to higher ecosystem productivity. This effect is often attributed to more efficient portioning of multiple resources in communities with higher numbers of competing species, indicating the role of resource supply and stoichiometry for biodiversity ecosystern functioning relationships. Here, we merged theory on ecological stoichiometry with a framework of biodiversity ecosystem functioning to understand how resource use transfers into primary production. We applied a structural equation model to define patterns of diversity productivity relationships with respect to available resources. Meta-analysis was used to summarize the findings across ecosystem types ranging from aquatic ecosystems to grasslands and forests. As hypothesized, resource supply increased realized productivity and richness, but we found significant differences between ecosystems and study types. Increased richness was associated with increased productivity, although this effect was not seen in experiments. More even communities had lower productivity, indicating that biomass production is often maintained by a few dominant species, and reduced dominance generally reduced ecosystem productivity. This synthesis, which integrates observational and experimental studies in a variety of ecosystems and geographical regions, exposes common pattems and differences in biodiversity functioning relationships, and increases the mechanistic understanding of changes in ecosystems productivity.
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| 45. |
- Liao, X., et al.
(författare)
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Normative values for carotid intima media thickness and its progression: Are they transferrable outside of their cohort of origin?
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 23:11, s. 1165-1173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The clinical use of carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) requires normal values, which may be subject to variation of geographical factors, ethnicity or measurement details. The influence of these factors has rarely been studied. The aim of this study was to determine whether normative cIMT values and their association with event risk are generalizable across populations. Design Meta-analysis of individual participant data. Method From 22 general population cohorts from Europe, North America and Asia we selected subjects free of cardiovascular disease. Percentiles of cIMT and cIMT progression were assessed separately for every cohort. Cox proportional hazards models for vascular events were used to estimate hazard ratios for cIMT in each cohort. The estimates were pooled across Europe, North America and Asia, with random effects meta-analysis. The influence of geography, ethnicity and ultrasound protocols on cIMT values and on the hazard ratios was examined by meta-regression. Results Geographical factors, ethnicity and the ultrasound protocol had influence neither on the percentiles of cIMT and its progression, nor on the hazard ratios of cIMT for vascular events. Heterogeneity for percentiles of cIMT and cIMT progression was too large to create meaningful normative values. Conclusions The distribution of cIMT values is too heterogeneous to define universal or regional population reference values. CIMT values vary widely between different studies regardless of ethnicity, geographic location and ultrasound protocol. Prediction of vascular events with cIMT values was more consistent across all cohorts, ethnicities and regions. © 2016 European Society of Cardiology.
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| 46. |
- Lind, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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High homocysteine and low folate plasma concentrations are associated with cardiovascular events but not bleeding during warfarin treatment
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1434-6621 .- 1437-4331. ; 54:12, s. 1981-1986
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous studies have shown that homocysteine and folate levels in plasma are associated with risk for cardiovascular events and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate if plasma concentrations of total homocysteine and folate can predict major bleeding, cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality in patients being treated with warfarin. Methods: In a longitudinal cohort study, 719 patients who were taking warfarin were followed for 3001 treatment years. The following were recorded and classified: major bleeding; cardiovascular events including stroke, arterial emboli, and myocardial infarction (MI); and mortality. Blood samples collected at baseline were analysed for plasma homocysteine and folate levels. Results: After adjustment for age, C-reactive protein, and creatinine, high homocysteine levels were associated with cardiovascular events [hazard ratio (HR) 1.23 per standard deviation (SD); 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.47], MI (HR 1.38 per SD; 95% CI: 1.03-1.85), and all-cause mortality (HR 1.41 per SD; 95% CI: 1.19-1.68). The highest tertile of folate compared to the lowest tertile was associated with decreased risk for both cardiovascular events (HR 0.64; 95% CI: 0.43-0.91) and MI (HR 0.45; 95% CI: 0.21-0.97). There was no association between major bleeding and homocysteine or folate levels. Conclusions: In patients receiving warfarin treatment, high homocysteine and low folate plasma concentrations are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular events but not major bleeding. For homocysteine levels, there is also an association with all-cause mortality.
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| 47. |
- Lind, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of evidence-based palliative care in acute care hospitals : Obstacles and opportunities as described by politicians, hospital managers and health care professionals
- 2016
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Ingår i: Palliative Medicine. - 0269-2163 .- 1477-030X. ; 30:6, s. NP300-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In high income countries, such as Sweden, a large proportion of all deaths occur at hospitals which is commonly not consistent with the desire of the patient and next-of-kin. A common way to translate knowledge into clinical practice is to create practice guidelines for different levels of the health care organization. During the last years, national clinical guidelines for palliative care and guidance from the NBHW have been published for the first time in Sweden. Hence, the aim of this study was to identify perceptions of obstacles and opportunities for implementation of evidence-based palliative care in acute care hospitals, as described by local politicians, chief medical officers and health care professionals.Method: Interviews were conducted with local politicians, chief medical officers and health care professionals and analysed through a directed qualitative content method, guided by The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.Results: Palliative care was commonly mentioned as a comprehensive way for alleviation of patients’ suffering with the overall goal for maintaining quality of life, especially in end of life care. Palliative care at the hospital was described by the staff as characterized by sudden disease, rapid changes back and forth between life and death and difficulties to predict the outcome. The environment, the culture, poor communication and poor cooperation in the work team were described as obstacles for implementation. The informants mentioned the newly published documents as important but the knowledge about the content varied a lot. A newly formed internal group with the assignment to develop the palliative care at the clinic was emphasized by all health care professionals as a good opportunity to get support and local guidelines.Conclusion: An active process at different levels in the health care organization is important for a successful implementation of evidence-based palliative care in acute care hospitals.
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| 48. |
- Loutfi, Amy, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Ecare@home : A distributed research environment on semantic interoperability
- 2016
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Ingår i: Lect. Notes Inst. Comput. Sci. Soc. Informatics Telecommun. Eng.. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319512334 - 9783319512341 ; , s. 3-8
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the motivation and challenges to developing semantic interoperability for an internet of things network that is used in the context of home based care. The paper describes a research environment which examines these challenges and illustrates the motivation through a scenario whereby a network of devices in the home is used to provide high-level information about elderly patients by leveraging from techniques in context awareness, automated reasoning, and configuration planning.
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| 49. |
- Mahajan, Anubha, et al.
(författare)
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Trans-ethnic Fine Mapping Highlights Kidney-Function Genes Linked to Salt Sensitivity
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 99:3, s. 636-646
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyzed genome-wide association studies (GWASs), including data from 71,638 individuals from four ancestries, for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a measure of kidney function used to define chronic kidney disease (CKD). We identified 20 loci attaining genome-wide-significant evidence of association (p < 5 × 10(-8)) with kidney function and highlighted that allelic effects on eGFR at lead SNPs are homogeneous across ancestries. We leveraged differences in the pattern of linkage disequilibrium between diverse populations to fine-map the 20 loci through construction of "credible sets" of variants driving eGFR association signals. Credible variants at the 20 eGFR loci were enriched for DNase I hypersensitivity sites (DHSs) in human kidney cells. DHS credible variants were expression quantitative trait loci for NFATC1 and RGS14 (at the SLC34A1 locus) in multiple tissues. Loss-of-function mutations in ancestral orthologs of both genes in Drosophila melanogaster were associated with altered sensitivity to salt stress. Renal mRNA expression of Nfatc1 and Rgs14 in a salt-sensitive mouse model was also reduced after exposure to a high-salt diet or induced CKD. Our study (1) demonstrates the utility of trans-ethnic fine mapping through integration of GWASs involving diverse populations with genomic annotation from relevant tissues to define molecular mechanisms by which association signals exert their effect and (2) suggests that salt sensitivity might be an important marker for biological processes that affect kidney function and CKD in humans.
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| 50. |
- Memisevic, Elvedin, et al.
(författare)
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Scaling of Vertical InAs–GaSb Nanowire Tunneling Field-Effect Transistors on Si
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE Electron Device Letters. - 0741-3106. ; 37:5, s. 549-552
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate improved performance due to enhanced electrostatic control achieved by diameter scaling and gate placement in vertical InAs-GaSb tunneling field-effect transistors integrated on Si substrates. The best subthreshold swing, 68 mV/decade at VDS=0.3 V, was achieved for a device with 20-nm InAs diamter. The on-current for the same device was 35 µA/µm at VGS=0.5 V and VDS=0.5 V. The fabrication technique used allows downscaling of the InAs diameter down to 11 nm with a flexible gate placement.
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