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- Forslund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Flykting- och anhöriginvandrades etablering på den svenska arbetsmarknaden, IFAU Rapport 2017:14
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vi beskriver arbetsmarknadsetablering och integration i Sverige på kort och lång sikt för invandrare från länder utanför västvärlden. Analysen omfattar huvudsakligen flykting- och anhöriginvandring under perioden 1990–2014. Mönstren för första kontakter med och etablering på arbetsmarknaden varierar med konjunkturläget, ursprungsland och med andra bakgrundsfaktorer. Men det huvudsakliga budskapet är att inträdesprocessen är långsam och att sysselsättning och inkomster av arbete även på lång sikt är lägre för invandrade relativt genomsnittet i arbetskraften i stort. Mönstren är på sikt påtagligt stabila för personer som kommit under olika tidsperioder och förutsättningar. Antalet jobb före det ”första riktiga” arbetsmarknadsinträdet är begränsat, och den första arbetsgivarkontakten är för många en väg till en mer stabil anställning. De första jobben återfinns jämförelsevis ofta i små låglöneföretag, som över tid koncentrerats mer till tjänstesektorn. Vi diskuterar också tänkbara effekter av olika politiska reformer och insatser.
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- Hunter Lindqvist, Steven, 1959-
(författare)
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What and How Students Perceive They Learn When Doing Mini-Companies in Upper Secondary School
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study is to gain more in-depth knowledge into what Swedish upper secondary school students perceive they learn, and the factors that students perceive affect learning, when they start and run mini-companies within the Junior Achievement Company Program. The data is comprised of interviews with eleven students each of whom ran a mini-company with other students. Situated learning theory, experiential learning theory and theoretical concepts on reflection in learning were used to analyze and further understand the data.The results reveal that the students talk about, and appear to convey, equal importance upon learning general skills as learning business skills when doing their mini-companies. Students describe using general skills they improved while running their mini-companies in other school activities and non-school activities leading to better performance in these activities. Doing business activities triggers learning and provides students with an opportunity to further develop, and learn multiple aspects, of skills.Students identify many factors, such as time, autonomy, assessment, and deadlines, which they associate with their mini-companies. On the whole, they say these factors have a positive effect on learning both business and general skills, however some factors can also inhibit learning. An analysis of all the factors students identified reveals that they originate, or are influenced by, multiple contexts such as school, the Swedish Junior Achievement organization, and the business environment. Together these factors can be said to create a special school community of practice for their mini-company project. Students point out significant differences between their mini-company project, and other school projects they have previously done, thus providing valuable insight into the importance of project design in relation to learning skills and possible pedagogical implications regarding learning general skills in other school projects.
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- Håkansson Lindqvist, Marcia, 1962-
(författare)
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Conditions for Technology Enhanced Learning and Educational Change : a case study of a 1:1 initiative
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The uptake and use of digital technologies continues to increase in schools throughout the world. In many schools the uptake and use of digital technologies takes place in One-to-One (1:1) initiatives in which teachers and students have their own laptops. In this thesis the uptake and use of digital technologies is studied from the student, teacher and school leader perspectives in order to through this gain knowledge regarding the conditions for Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) and educational change in K-12 schools. In the Unos Umeå research project the uptake and use of digital technologies in two schools, an upper secondary school and a compulsory school, was studied. A research design involving a case study approach (Yin, 2003, 2009) was used to study a 1:1 initiative. The methods of data collection were surveys, interviews and classroom observations. To explore, identify and describe conditions for TEL and educational change the data collected were used to map the initial expectations regarding the uptake and use of digital technologies from the start of the initiative as well as to follow the development of teaching and learning activities related to the uptake and use of digital technologies in the 1:1 classroom over a period of two years. The Ecology of Resources Model (Luckin, 2010) was used as a theoretical framework including the use of the concept of filters. Regarding the conditions for TEL, the results show that the uptake and use of digital technologies provides possibilities for new forms of teaching and learning in the 1:1 classroom. Students reported increased motivation, engagement and variation in schoolwork. Teachers described new forms of teaching as well as possibilities for collaboration, sharing of materials and continued professional development. For school leaders possibilities were found in collaboration, administrative support and follow-up of students and teachers, creating a unified vision of the work with digital technologies, and collaboration and sharing within the schools as an ecology of resources. The challenges seen from the student, teacher and school leader perspectives were related to use, technical support and optionality. If the possibilities are to be achieved, there is a need for continued professional development for teachers and school leaders. Further, clear directives through policy will be of importance. In the short term, the practical implications of the uptake and use of digital technologies, specifically in 1:1 initiatives, seem to be strongly connected to sustainability in schools. In the long term, if sustainable conditions for TEL and educational change in the 1:1 classroom can be created and upheld, the practical implications may for example be teachers’ improved skills to integrate a thought-through student use of laptops in their teaching practices and an increase in equality of digital competence between students, between schools and between classrooms in the same school.
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- Niklasson, Markus, 1987-
(författare)
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Coding to cure : NMR and thermodynamic software applied to congenital heart disease research
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Regardless of scientific field computers have become pivotal tools for data analysis and the field of structural biology is not an exception. Here, computers are the main tools used for tasks including structural calculations of proteins, spectral analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy data and fitting mathematical models to data. As results reported in papers heavily rely on software and scripts it is of key importance that the employed computational methods are robust and yield reliable results. However, as many scientific fields are niched and possess a small potential user base the task to develop necessary software often falls on researchers themselves. This can cause divergence when comparing data analyzed by different measures or by using subpar methods. Therein lies the importance of development of accurate computational methods that can be employed by the scientific community.The main theme of this thesis is software development applied to structural biology, with the purpose to aid research in this scientific field by speeding up the process of data analysis as well as to ensure that acquired data is properly analyzed. Among the original results of this thesis are three user-friendly software: COMPASS - a resonance assignment software for NMR spectroscopy data capable of analyzing chemical shifts and providing the user with suggestions to potential resonance assignments, based on a meticulous database comparison. CDpal - a curve fitting software used to fit thermal and chemical denaturation data of proteins acquired by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy or fluorescence spectroscopy. PINT - a line shape fitting and downstream analysis software forNMRspectroscopy data, designed with the important purpose to easily and accurately fit peaks in NMR spectra and extract parameters such as relaxation rates, intensities and volumes of peaks.This thesis also describes a study performed on variants of the life essential regulatory protein calmodulin that have been associated with the congenital life threatening heart disease long QT syndrome (LQTS). The study provided novel insights revealing that all variants are distinct from the wild type in regards to structure and dynamics on a detailed level; the presented results are useful for the interpretation of results from protein interaction studies. The underlying research of this paper makes use of all three developed software, which validates that all developed methods fulfil a scientific purpose and are capable of producing solid results.
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- Åslund, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Labour market entry of non-labour migrants – Swedish evidence, IFAU Working paper 2017:15
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We describe the short- and long-term patterns of labour market entry and integration among Non-Western, predominantly non-labour, immigrants to Sweden. Our main sample considers the 1990-2014 period. The patterns of time to first contact and labour market entry vary with business cycle conditions, country of origin and other background characteristics. But the main message is the remarkable stability of a relatively slow entry process and long-term outcomes below those of the average worker. The number of jobs before the “first real job” (entry) is limited and the first employer contact is for many a port to a more stable position. First jobs are comparatively often found in small, low-wage firms, which over time have become increasingly present in service industries. Our discussion of policy experiences suggests several margins and factors affecting the labour market outcomes of recent migrants, but also indicates that no single reform or measure is likely to in itself radically change the patterns.
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