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- Hulthén, Lena, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Salt intake in young Swedish men.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Public health nutrition. - 1475-2727. ; 13:5, s. 601-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To measure dietary salt intake in a Swedish population. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study with measured 24 h urinary excretion of Na and K. Completeness of urine collection was assessed using p-aminobenzoic acid. The subjects were interviewed on their habitual food intake. SETTING: Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. SUBJECTS: Eighty-six young men (age 18-20 years), randomly selected from the population of Gothenburg. Seven men were excluded due to incomplete urine collection. RESULTS: The mean excretion of Na and K over 24 h was 198 and 84 mmol, respectively (corresponding to 11.5 g NaCl and 3.3 g K). The mean 24 h excretion in the highest quartile of Na excretion was 297 mmol Na and 105 mmol K, and in the lowest quartile, 100 mmol Na and 68 mmol K. The mean Na:K ratio was 2.3, and respectively 3.2 and 1.8 in the highest and lowest Na excretion quartiles. Calculated energy intake did not differ between the highest and lowest quartiles of Na excretion, but body weight, BMI and the intake of certain foods known to be Na-rich did. CONCLUSIONS: Salt intake in young men was alarming high and even subjects in the lowest quartile of Na excretion did not meet present recommendations to limit salt intake to 5-6 g/d. At this point we can only speculate what the consequences of the high salt intake may be for CVD and stroke later in life. Regulation of the salt content in processed and fast food and in snacks is advocated, to curtail the salt burden on society imposed by the food industry.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Niklas, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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A variant near the interleukin-6 gene is associated with fat mass in Caucasian men
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 34:6, s. 1011-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Regulation of fat mass appears to be associated with immune functions. Studies of knockout mice show that endogenous interleukin (IL)-6 can suppress mature-onset obesity. OBJECTIVE: To systematically investigate associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the IL-6 (IL6) and IL-6 receptor (IL6R) genes with body fat mass, in support for our hypothesis that variants of these genes can be associated with obesity. DESIGN AND STUDY SUBJECTS: The Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants (GOOD) study is a population-based cross-sectional study of 18- to 20-year-old men (n=1049), from the Gothenburg area (Sweden). Major findings were confirmed in two additional cohorts consisting of elderly men from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Sweden (n=2851) and MrOS US (n=5611) multicenter population-based studies. MAIN OUTCOME: The genotype distributions and their association with fat mass in different compartments, measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Out of 18 evaluated tag SNPs near the IL6 and IL6R genes, a recently identified SNP rs10242595 G/A (minor allele frequency=29%) 3' of the IL6 gene was negatively associated with the primary outcome total body fat mass (effect size -0.11 standard deviation (s.d.) units per A allele, P=0.02). This negative association with fat mass was also confirmed in the combined MrOS Sweden and MrOS US cohorts (effect size -0.05 s.d. units per A allele, P=0.002). When all three cohorts were combined (n=8927, Caucasian subjects), rs10242595(*)A showed a negative association with total body fat mass (effect size -0.05 s.d. units per A allele, P<0.0002). Furthermore, the rs10242595(*)A was associated with low body mass index (effect size -0.03, P<0.001) and smaller regional fat masses. None of the other SNPs investigated in the GOOD study were reproducibly associated with body fat. CONCLUSIONS: The IL6 gene polymorphism rs10242595(*)A is associated with decreased fat mass in three combined cohorts of 8927 Caucasian men.
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| 5. |
- Berndt, Sonja I., et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 11 new loci for anthropometric traits and provides insights into genetic architecture
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:5, s. 501-U69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Approaches exploiting trait distribution extremes may be used to identify loci associated with common traits, but it is unknown whether these loci are generalizable to the broader population. In a genome-wide search for loci associated with the upper versus the lower 5th percentiles of body mass index, height and waist-to-hip ratio, as well as clinical classes of obesity, including up to 263,407 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 4 new loci (IGFBP4, H6PD, RSRC1 and PPP2R2A) influencing height detected in the distribution tails and 7 new loci (HNF4G, RPTOR, GNAT2, MRPS33P4, ADCY9, HS6ST3 and ZZZ3) for clinical classes of obesity. Further, we find a large overlap in genetic structure and the distribution of variants between traits based on extremes and the general population and little etiological heterogeneity between obesity subgroups.
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| 6. |
- Coviello, Andrea D, et al.
(författare)
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A genome-wide association meta-analysis of circulating sex hormone-binding globulin reveals multiple Loci implicated in sex steroid hormone regulation.
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404 .- 1553-7390. ; 8:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a glycoprotein responsible for the transport and biologic availability of sex steroid hormones, primarily testosterone and estradiol. SHBG has been associated with chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and with hormone-sensitive cancers such as breast and prostate cancer. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of 21,791 individuals from 10 epidemiologic studies and validated these findings in 7,046 individuals in an additional six studies. We identified twelve genomic regions (SNPs) associated with circulating SHBG concentrations. Loci near the identified SNPs included SHBG (rs12150660, 17p13.1, p = 1.8×10(-106)), PRMT6 (rs17496332, 1p13.3, p = 1.4×10(-11)), GCKR (rs780093, 2p23.3, p = 2.2×10(-16)), ZBTB10 (rs440837, 8q21.13, p = 3.4×10(-09)), JMJD1C (rs7910927, 10q21.3, p = 6.1×10(-35)), SLCO1B1 (rs4149056, 12p12.1, p = 1.9×10(-08)), NR2F2 (rs8023580, 15q26.2, p = 8.3×10(-12)), ZNF652 (rs2411984, 17q21.32, p = 3.5×10(-14)), TDGF3 (rs1573036, Xq22.3, p = 4.1×10(-14)), LHCGR (rs10454142, 2p16.3, p = 1.3×10(-07)), BAIAP2L1 (rs3779195, 7q21.3, p = 2.7×10(-08)), and UGT2B15 (rs293428, 4q13.2, p = 5.5×10(-06)). These genes encompass multiple biologic pathways, including hepatic function, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and T2D, androgen and estrogen receptor function, epigenetic effects, and the biology of sex steroid hormone-responsive cancers including breast and prostate cancer. We found evidence of sex-differentiated genetic influences on SHBG. In a sex-specific GWAS, the loci 4q13.2-UGT2B15 was significant in men only (men p = 2.5×10(-08), women p = 0.66, heterogeneity p = 0.003). Additionally, three loci showed strong sex-differentiated effects: 17p13.1-SHBG and Xq22.3-TDGF3 were stronger in men, whereas 8q21.12-ZBTB10 was stronger in women. Conditional analyses identified additional signals at the SHBG gene that together almost double the proportion of variance explained at the locus. Using an independent study of 1,129 individuals, all SNPs identified in the overall or sex-differentiated or conditional analyses explained ∼15.6% and ∼8.4% of the genetic variation of SHBG concentrations in men and women, respectively. The evidence for sex-differentiated effects and allelic heterogeneity highlight the importance of considering these features when estimating complex trait variance.
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| 7. |
- Darelid, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Catch up in bone acquisition in young adult men with late normal puberty.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley. - 1523-4681. ; 27:10, s. 2198-2207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the development of bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) in relation to peak height velocity (PHV), and to investigate whether late normal puberty was associated with remaining low BMD and BMC in early adulthood in men. In total, 501 men (18.9 ± 0.5 (mean ± SD) yrs at baseline) were included in this five-year longitudinal study. Areal BMD (aBMD) and BMC, volumetric BMD (vBMD) and cortical bone size were measured using DXA and pQCT. Detailed growth and weight charts were used to calculate age at PHV, an objective assessment of pubertal timing. Age at PHV was a strong positive predictor of the increase in aBMD and BMC of the total body (R(2) aBMD 11.7%;BMC 4.3%), radius (R(2) aBMD 23.5%;BMC 22.3%), and lumbar spine (R(2) aBMD 11.9%;BMC 10.5%) between 19 and 24 yrs (p < 0.001). Subjects were divided into three groups according to age at PHV (early, middle and late). Men with late puberty gained markedly more in aBMD and BMC at the total body, radius and lumbar spine, and lost less at the femoral neck (p < 0.001) than men with early puberty. At age 24, no significant differences in aBMD or BMC of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, or total body were observed, while a deficit of 4.2% in radius aBMD, but not in BMC, was seen for men with late vs. early puberty (p < 0.001). PQCT measurements of the radius at follow-up demonstrated no significant differences in bone size, whereas cortical and trabecular vBMD were 0.7% (p < 0.001) and 4.8% (p < 0.05) lower in men with late vs. early puberty. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that late puberty in males was associated with a substantial catch up in aBMD and BMC in young adulthood, leaving no deficits of the lumbar spine, femoral neck or total body at age 24.
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| 8. |
- Darelid, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Trabecular Volumetric Bone Mineral Density is Associated With Previous Fracture During Childhood and Adolescence in Males - The GOOD Study.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of bone and mineral research. - : Wiley. - 1523-4681 .- 0884-0431. ; 25:3, s. 537-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) measured with dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has been associated with fracture risk in children and adolescents, but it remains unclear whether this association is due to volumetric BMD (vBMD) of the cortical and/or trabecular bone compartments or the bone size. The aim of this study was to determine whether vBMD or bone size was associated with x-ray verified fractures in men during growth. In total, 1068 men (age 18.9+/-0.6 yrs), were included in the population-based Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants (GOOD) study. Areal BMD was measured by DXA, while cortical and trabecular vBMD and bone size were measured by peripheral quantitative computerized tomography (pQCT). X-ray records were searched for fractures. Self reported fractures in 77 men could not be confirmed in these records. These men were excluded, resulting in 991 included men, of which 304 men had an x-ray verified fracture and 687 were non-fracture subjects. Growth charts were used to establish the age of peak height velocity (PHV, n=600). Men with prevalent fractures had lower aBMD (lumbar spine 2.3%, p=0.005; total femur 2.6%, p=0.004, radius 2.1%, p<0.001) at all measured sites than men without fracture. Using pQCT measurements, we found that men with a prevalent fracture had markedly lower trabecular vBMD (radius: 6.6 %, p=7.5x10(-8); tibia: 4.5 %, p=1.7x10(-7)) as well as slightly lower cortical vBMD (radius: 0.4 %, p=0.0012; tibia: 0.3 %, p=0.015), but not reduced cortical cross sectional area, than men without fracture. Every SD decrease in trabecular vBMD of the radius and tibia was associated with 1.46 (radius CI 1.26-1.69 (95% CI); tibia CI 1.26-1.68) times increased fracture prevalence. The peak fracture incidence coincided with the timing of PHV (+/-1 year). In conclusion, trabecular vBMD, but not aBMD, was independently associated with prevalent x-ray verified fractures in young men. Further studies are needed to determine if assessment of trabecular vBMD could enhance prediction of fractures during growth in males.
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| 10. |
- Detter, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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A Six-Year Exercise Program Improves Skeletal Traits without Affecting Fracture Risk - a Prospective Controlled Study in 2621 Children
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of bone and mineral research. - : Wiley. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 29:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most pediatric exercise intervention studies, that evaluates the effect on skeletal traits include volunteers and follow bone mass for less than three years. We present a population-based six-year controlled exercise intervention study in children with also bone structure and incident fractures as endpoints. Fractures were registered in 417 girls and 500 boys in the intervention group (3969 person-years) and 835 girls and 869 boys in the control group (8245 person-years), all aged 6-9 years at study start, during the six-year study period. Children in the intervention group had 40 minutes daily school physical education (PE) and the control group 60 minutes per week. In a sub-cohort with 78 girls and 111 boys in the intervention group and 52 girls and 54 boys in the control group, bone mineral density (g/cm2 ) and bone area (mm2 ) were measured repeatedly by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) measured bone mass and bone structure at follow-up. There were 21.7 low and moderate energy related fractures per 1000 person-years in the intervention group and 19.8 fractures in the control group, leading to a Rate Ratio (RR) of 1.12 (0.85, 1.46). Girls in the intervention group, in comparison with girls in the control group, had 0.009 g/cm2 (0.003, 0.015) larger gain annually in spine BMD, 0.07 g (0.014, 0.123) larger gain in femoral neck BMC and 4.0 mm2 (0.5, 7.8) larger gain in femoral neck area, and at follow-up 24.1 g (7.6, 40.6) higher tibial cortical BMC (g) and 23.9 mm2 (5.27, 42.6) larger tibial cross-sectional area. Boys with daily PE had 0.006 g/cm2 (0.002, 0.010) larger gain annually in spine BMD than control boys but at follow-up no higher pQCT values than boys in the control group. Daily PE for six years in at study start 6-9 year old improves bone mass and bone size in girls and bone mass in boys, without affecting the fracture risk. (c) 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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