| 1. |
- Harrefors, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Professional caregivers' perceptions on how persons with mild dementia might experience the usage of a digital photo diary
- 2012
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Ingår i: Open Nursing Journal. - : Bentham Open. - 1874-4346. ; 6, s. 20-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cognitive impairments influence the possibility of persons with dementia to remember daily events and maintain a sense of self. In order to address these problems a digital photo diary was developed to capture information about events in daily life. The device consisted of a wearable digital camera, smart phone with Global Positioning System (GPS) and a home memory station with computer for uploading the photographs and touch screen. The aim of this study was to describe professional caregiver's perceptions on how persons with mild dementia might experience the usage of this digital photo diary from both a situation when wearing the camera and a situation when viewing the uploaded photos, through a questionnaire with 408 respondents. In order to catch the professional caregivers' perceptions a questionnaire with the semantic differential technique was used and the main question was "How do you think Hilda (the fictive person in the questionnaire) feels when she is using the digital photo diary?". The factor analysis revealed three factors; Sense of autonomy, Sense of self-esteem and Sense of trust. An interesting conclusion that can be drawn is that professional caregivers had an overall positive view of the usage of digital photo diary as supporting autonomy for persons with mild dementia. The meaningfulness of each situation when wearing the camera and viewing the uploaded pictures to be used in two different situations and a part of an integrated assistive device has to be considered separately. Individual needs and desires of the person who is living with dementia and the context of each individual has to be reflected on and taken into account before implementing assistive digital devices as a tool in care.
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| 2. |
- Nyberg, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Age-related and genetic modulation of frontal cortex efficiency
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of cognitive neuroscience. - : MIT Press. - 0898-929X .- 1530-8898. ; 26:4, s. 746-754
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dorsolateral pFC (DLPFC) is a key region for working memory. It has been proposed that the DLPFC is dynamically recruited depending on task demands. By this view, high DLPFC recruitment for low-demanding tasks along with weak DLPFC upregulation at higher task demands reflects low efficiency. Here, the fMRI BOLD signal during working memory maintenance and manipulation was examined in relation to aging and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val(158)Met status in a large representative sample (n = 287). The efficiency hypothesis predicts a weaker DLPFC response during manipulation, along with a stronger response during maintenance for older adults and COMT Val carriers compared with younger adults and COMT Met carriers. Consistent with the hypothesis, younger adults and met carriers showed maximal DLPFC BOLD response during manipulation, whereas older adults and val carriers displayed elevated DLPFC responses during the less demanding maintenance condition. The observed inverted relations support a link between dopamine and DLPFC efficiency.
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| 3. |
- Sandvik, Ulrika, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Thalamic and subthalamic DBS for essential tremor : where is the optimal target?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Neurosurgery. - Philadelphia : Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins/Congress of Neurological Surgeons. - 0148-396X .- 1524-4040. ; 70:4, s. 840-846
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The ventrolateral thalamus (Vim, ventral intermediate nucleus) is the traditional target for neurosurgical treatment of essential tremor (ET). The target has, however, varied substantially among different neurosurgeons.Objective: To evaluate the effect of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the thalamus and posterior subthalamic area (PSA) in relation to electrode location.Methods: 36 (17Vim / 19 PSA) patients, with 44 DBS electrodes, were included in this retrospective study. The effect of stimulation was evaluated with standardized settings for each contact using items from the essential tremor rating scale (ETRS).Results: When each contact was evaluated regarding the treated hand with standardized stimulation, the electrode contact providing the best effect in the individual patient was in 54% located in the zona incerta (Zi) or radiation prelemniscalis (raprl) and in 12 % the Vim. 40 contacts provided a tremor reduction of >90%. Of these, 43% were located in the PSA and 18% in the Vim according to the Schaltenbrandt atlas. 37 of these 40 contacts were found in the PSA group.Conclusion: More contacts yielding an optimal effect were found in the PSA group than in the Vim. Many patients operated upon in the Vim got the best effect in a contact located in the PSA. This might suggest that the PSA is a more efficient target than the Vim.
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