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| 2. |
- Hautmann, R, et al.
(författare)
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Urinary diversion
- 2006
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Ingår i: Bladder Tumors. ; , s. 239-239
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Melander, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Utilisation of antihyperglycaemic drugs in ten European countries: different developments and different levels.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0428 .- 0012-186X. ; 49:9, s. 2024-2029
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to compare developments in the utilisation of antihyperglycaemic drugs (AHGDs) in ten European countries. Subhect and methods Data on the yearly utilisation of insulin and oral AHGDs were collected from public registers in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Belgium, England, Germany, Italy, Portugal and Spain, and were expressed as defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitants per day. Results Total AGHD utilisation increased everywhere, but at different rates and levels. Insulin utilisation doubled in England and Germany, but hardly changed in Belgium, Portugal or Italy. Sulfonylurea utilisation doubled in Spain, England and Denmark but was reduced in Germany and Sweden. Metformin utilisation increased greatly everywhere. There were two- to three-fold differences in AHGD utilisation even between neighbouring countries. In Finland, there were more users of both insulin (+120%) and oral AHGDs (+80%) than in Denmark, and the daily oral AHGD doses were higher. In Denmark and Sweden, AHGD utilisation was equal in subjects aged < 45 years, but in those >= 45 years of age, both insulin and oral AHGD utilisation were twice as high in Sweden. Conclusions/interpretation The ubiquitous increase in AHGD utilisation, particularly metformin, seems logical, considering the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes and the results of the UK Prospective Diabetes Study. However, the large differences even between neighbouring countries are more difficult to explain, and suggest different habits and attitudes in terms of screening and management of type 2 diabetes.
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| 4. |
- Akerblad, P, et al.
(författare)
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Gene expression analysis suggests that EBF-1 and PPAR gamma 2 induce adipogenesis of NIH-3T3 cells with similar efficiency and kinetics
- 2005
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Ingår i: Physiological Genomics. - : American Physiological Society. - 1094-8341 .- 1531-2267. ; 23:2, s. 206-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells into lipid-accumulating adipocytes is a physiological process induced by transcription factors in combination with hormonal stimulation. We have used Affymetrix microarrays to compare the adipogenic differentiation pathways of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts induced to undergo in vitro differentiation by ectopic expression of early B cell factor (EBF)-1 or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma 2. These experiments revealed that commitment to the adipogenic pathway in the NIH-3T3 cells was not reflected in gene expression until 4 days after induction of differentiation. Furthermore, gene expression patterns at the earlier time points after stimulation indicated that EBF-1 and PPAR gamma 2 induced different sets of genes, while the similarities increased upon differentiation, and that several genes linked to adipocyte differentiation were also transiently induced in the vector-transduced cells. These data suggest that the initial activation of genes associated with adipocyte development is independent of commitment to the adipogenic pathway and that EBF-1 and PPAR gamma 2 induce adipocyte differentiation with comparable kinetics and efficiency.
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| 5. |
- Akhiani, Aliasghar, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction of cholera toxin with three life-cycle stages of Schistosoma mansoni: adult worm, egg and cercaria
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scand J Immunol. ; 65:1, s. 48-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously reported that there is an immunological cross-reactivity between Schistosoma mansoni and cholera toxin (CT). In this study, using an immunofluorescence technique with anti-CT antibody, we provide further evidence for this cross-reactivity by demonstrating an antigen, localized in the tegument of S. mansoni adult worms which is cross-reactive with a CT antigen. Anti-CT antibodies also reacted with structures in S. mansoni cercariae and eggs. Additionally, CT itself was found to bind strongly to the gut of the adult worm, gut cells of cercaria and the egg shell. The binding of CT to the parasite was blocked when parasite sections were incubated with CT which had been incubated with the ganglioside GM1. Lipid extraction and isolation of gangliosides demonstrated the presence of GM1 in adult worms. For further analysis of CT-binding structures, the possible interaction of CT with two major schistosome gut antigens, circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) and circulating anodic antigen (CAA), was studied. We found that CT blocked the binding of anti-CCA antibody to the gut of adult worms and that anti-CCA blocked the binding of CT to the worm gut. These findings indicate that CT binds to CCA present in the gut of the parasite and thus has, in addition to GM1, a second binding specificity.
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| 6. |
- Chang, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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When low- and high-energy electronic responses meet in cuprate superconductors
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 75:22, s. 224508-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The existence of coherent quasiparticles near the Fermi energy in the low-temperature state of high-temperature superconductors has been well established by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). We present a study of La1.83Sr0.17CuO4 in the superconducting state and report an abrupt change in the quasiparticle spectral function, as we follow the dispersion of the ARPES signal from the Fermi energy to 0.6 eV. The interruption in the quasiparticle dispersion separates coherent quasiparticle peaks at low energies from broad incoherent excitations at high energies. We find that the boundary between these low-energy and high-energy features exhibits a cosine-shaped momentum dependence, reminiscent of the superconducting d-wave gap. Further intriguing similarities between characteristics of the incoherent excitations and quasiparticle properties suggest a close relation between the electronic response at high and low energies in cuprate superconductors.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Elfving, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Number of islet autoantibodies present in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes children born to non-diabetic mothers is affected by islet autoantibodies present at birth.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 9, s. 127-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Cord blood islet autoantibodies in children born to mothers with type 1 diabetes may be associated with a reduced risk of islet autoimmunity and diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate in children with type 1 diabetes but born to non-diabetic mothers whether islet autoantibodies at birth affected their presence at diagnosis. Patients and methods: Serum samples at birth and at diagnosis were available from 141 children who developed type 1 diabetes between 1 and 19 yr of age (median 9.0 yr; male/female ratio 83/58). The samples were tested for autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase, insulinoma-associated antigen 2, and insulin as well as for islet cell antibodies. The human leukocyte antigen genotype was also determined. Results: The frequency of islet autoantibodies in the umbilical cord blood was 11% compared with 91% at diagnosis. Children with fewer islet autoantibodies at diagnosis were more likely to have had autoantibodies at birth (p = 0.02). Autoantibodies present in cord blood at birth were observed in 25% (3/12) of children with no islet autoantibodies at diagnosis, in 17% (7/42) of children with one or two antibodies at diagnosis, and in only 5% (4/86) of children with more than two antibodies, demonstrating an inverse relationship between autoantibodies at birth and at diagnosis (test for trend, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our preliminary data suggest that exposure to cord blood islet autoantibodies may influence the presence of islet autoantibodies at the time of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and explain why some type 1 diabetes children are islet autoantibody negative at clinical diagnosis.
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| 9. |
- Gerharz, E W, et al.
(författare)
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Complications and quality of life following urinary diversion after cystectomy
- 2005
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Ingår i: EAU Update Series. - : Elsevier BV. - 1570-9124. ; 3:3, s. 156-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- bjective: The aim of this review is to outline specific surgical complications, metabolic consequences and quality of life (QOL) following urinary diversion in patients undergoing radical cystectomy. Methods: Based on a comprehensive literature search (MEDLINE) the published knowledge on urinary diversion was examined regarding the research question with an emphasis on contemporary cystectomy series. Results: Despite the fact, that urinary diversion is commonplace in these days and the existing literature is rather extensive, the vast majority of assumptions are based on low level evidence (retrospective, single-institutional case series with small sample sizes and short-term followup). There are few randomized trials in this field. Early and late surgical complications following radical cystectomy have decreased over the past three decades for both incontinent and continent diversion, but are still significant. While metabolic disturbances are common after continent forms of urinary diversion, the problems can be minimized in most cases. Most reports testify that QOL is high after cystectomy irrespective of type of urinary diversion although urinary and sexual problems are common. Conclusion: Careful patient selection, strict adherence to proper surgical technique and appropriate life-long follow-up are of paramount importance in the successful management of patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.
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| 10. |
- Glantz, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of animal selection on milk composition and processability.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 1525-3198 .- 0022-0302. ; 92:9, s. 4589-4603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One goal of animal breeding is to increase the economic output through increased production, improved milk quality, and cow health. The objective of this study was to evaluate genetic progress in relation to milk composition, processability, and yield as a correlated response to selection for the Swedish breeding objective. Dairy cows with high genetic merit, classified as elite dairy cows, of the Swedish Red and Swedish Holstein breeds were used. Milk samples were collected on the farm level in winter and summer from a research herd at Nötcenter Viken, a bovine research farm in Sweden. Comparisons were made with milk from a Swedish Red herd, a Swedish Holstein herd, and a Swedish dairy processor in the same geographical area. Protein, lipid, and carbohydrate profiles as well as minerals were analyzed, and technological properties, including rennet-induced gelation characteristics, lipid oxidation, total antioxidant capacity, and fat globule size, were determined. Higher yields were found for elite cows for components of the protein, lipid, and carbohydrate profiles as well as for minerals, implying genetic progress in relation to milk yield; however, the content of some milk components (e.g., lipid and whey protein contents) had decreased on average. Milk from the elite cows had good gelation characteristics, but was more susceptible to lipid autooxidation and had a lower total antioxidant capacity. These results demonstrate that milk composition and processing characteristics could be used to adjust breeding practices to optimize the quality and stability of milk and dairy products.
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