| 1. |
- Andrén, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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The occurrence of noncoagulating milk and the association of bovine milk coagulation properties with genetic variants of the caseins in 3 Scandinavian dairy breeds
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 1525-3198 .- 0022-0302. ; 96:8, s. 4830-4842
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Substantial variation in milk coagulation properties has been observed among dairy cows. Consequently, raw milk from individual cows and breeds exhibits distinct coagulation capacities that potentially affect the technological properties and milk processing into cheese. This variation is largely influenced by protein composition, which is in turn affected by underlying genetic polymorphisms in the major milk proteins. In this study, we conducted a large screening on 3 major Scandinavian breeds to resolve the variation in milk coagulation traits and the frequency of milk with impaired coagulation properties (noncoagulation). In total, individual coagulation properties were measured on morning milk collected from 1,299 Danish Holstein (DH), Danish Jersey (DJ), and Swedish Red (SR) cows. The 3 breeds demonstrated notable interbreed differences in coagulation properties, with DJ cows exhibiting superior coagulation compared with the other 2 breeds. In addition, milk samples from 2% of DH and 16% of SR cows were classified as noncoagulating. Furthermore, the cows were genotyped for major genetic variants in the alpha(S1)- (CSN1S1), beta- (CSN2), and kappa-casein (CSN3) genes, revealing distinct differences in variant frequencies among breeds. Allele I of CSN2, which had not formerly been screened in such a high number of cows in these Scandinavian breeds, showed a frequency around 7% in DH and DJ, but was not detected in SR. Genetic polymorphisms were significantly associated with curd firming rate and rennet coagulation time. Thus, CSN1S1 C, CSN2 B, and CSN3 B positively affected milk coagulation, whereas CSN2 A(2), in particular, had a negative effect. In addition to the influence of individual casein genes, the effects of CSN1S1-CSN2-CSN3 composite genotypes were also examined, and revealed strong associations in all breeds, which more or less reflected the single gene results. Overall, milk coagulation is under the influence of additive genetic variation. Optimal milk for future cheese production can be ensured by monitoring the frequency of unfavorable variants and thus preventing an increase in the number of cows producing milk with impaired coagulation. Selective breeding for variants associated with superior milk coagulation can potentially increase raw milk quality and cheese yield in all 3 Scandinavian breeds.
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| 2. |
- Eyholzer, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Biocomposite hydrogels with carboxymethylated, nanofibrillated cellulose powder for replacement of the nucleus pulposus
- 2011
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Ingår i: Biomacromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1525-7797 .- 1526-4602. ; 12:5, s. 1419-1427
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biocomposite hydrogels with carboxymethylated, nanofibrillated cellulose (c-NFC) powder were prepared by UV polymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone with Tween 20 trimethacrylate as a crosslinking agent for replacement of the native, human nucleus pulposus (NP) in intervertebral discs. The swelling ratios and the moduli of elasticity in compression of neat and biocomposite hydrogels were evaluated in dependence of c-NFC concentration (ranging from 0 to 1.6% v/v) and degree of substitution (DS, ranging from 0 to 0.23). The viscoelastic properties in shear and the material relaxation behavior in compression were measured for neat and biocomposite hydrogels containing 0.4% v/v of fibrils (DS ranging from 0 to 0.23) and their morphologies were characterized by cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM). The obtained results show that the biocomposite hydrogels can successfully mimic the mechanical and swelling behavior of the NP. In addition, the presence of the c-NFC show lower strain values after cyclic compression tests and consequently create improved material relaxation properties, compared to neat hydrogels. Among the tested samples, the biocomposite hydrogel containing 0.4% v/v of c-NFC with a DS of 0.17 shows the closest behavior to native NP. Further investigation should focus on evaluation and improvement of the long-term relaxation behavior.
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| 3. |
- Gustavsson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of breed and casein genetic variants on protein profile in milk from Swedish Red, Danish Holstein, and Danish Jersey cows.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Dairy Science. - : American Dairy Science Association. - 1525-3198 .- 0022-0302. ; 97:6, s. 3866-3877
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In selecting cows for higher milk yields and milk quality, it is important to understand how these traits are affected by the bovine genome. The major milk proteins exhibit genetic polymorphism and these genetic variants can serve as markers for milk composition, milk production traits, and technological properties of milk. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between casein (CN) genetic variants and detailed protein composition in Swedish and Danish dairy milk. Milk and DNA samples were collected from approximately 400 individual cows each of 3 Scandinavian dairy breeds: Swedish Red (SR), Danish Holstein (DH), and Danish Jersey (DJ). The protein profile with relative concentrations of α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, and αS1-, αS2-, κ-, and β-CN was determined for each milk sample using capillary zone electrophoresis. The genetic variants of the αS1- (CSN1S1), β- (CSN2), and κ-CN (CSN3) genes for each cow were determined using TaqMan SNP genotyping assays (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Univariate statistical models were used to evaluate the effects of composite genetic variants, αS1-β-κ-CN, on the protein profile. The 3 studied Scandinavian breeds differed from each other regarding CN genotypes, with DH and SR having similar genotype frequencies, whereas the genotype frequencies in DJ differed from the other 2 breeds. The similarities in genotype frequencies of SR and DH and differences compared with DJ were also seen in milk production traits, gross milk composition, and protein profile. Frequencies of the most common composite αS1-β-κ-CN genotype BB/A(2)A(2)/AA were 30% in DH and 15% in SR, and cows that had this genotype gave milk with lower relative concentrations of κ- and β-CN and higher relative concentrations of αS-CN, than the majority of the other composite genotypes in SR and DH. The effect of composite genotypes on relative concentrations of the milk proteins was not as pronounced in DJ. The present work suggests that a higher frequency of BB/A(1)A(2)/AB, together with a decrease in BB/A(2)A(2)/AA, could have positive effects on DH and SR milk regarding, for example, the processing of cheese.
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| 4. |
- Gustavsson, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of genetic variants of milk proteins on chymosin-induced gelation properties of milk from individual cows of Swedish Red dairy cattle
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Dairy Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0958-6946 .- 1879-0143. ; 39:1, s. 102-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chymosin-induced gelation properties of the milk of around 400 Swedish Red dairy cows was investigated with the aim of identifying genetic protein variants that influence chymosin-induced gelation for optimisation of cheese milk through breeding practices. The variation in chymosin-induced gelation properties was shown to be large in the milk of Swedish Red and there was a high frequency of cows producing non-coagulating milk, 18%. The present study showed that the common composite beta-kappa-casein genotypes A(1)A(2)/AE and A(2)A(2)/AA were associated with both poor gelation properties and non-coagulation in the milk of Swedish Red. The present study suggests that if the frequencies of composite genotypes A(1)A(2)/AE and A(2)A(2)/AA were decreased in the Swedish Red population in favour for A(1)A(1)/AA and A(1)A(1)/AE, this could have a positive effect on the rennetability of the milk. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Horn, M. A., et al.
(författare)
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Screening for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy among adult men with Addison's disease
- 2013
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Ingår i: Clinical Endocrinology. - : Wiley. - 0300-0664. ; 79:3, s. 316-320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesX-linked adrenoleukodystrophy is an important cause of Addison's disease in boys, but less is known about its contribution to Addison's disease in adult men. After surveying all known cases of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy in Norway in a separate study, we aimed to look for any missed cases among the population of adult men with nonautoimmune Addison's disease. Study designAmong 153 adult men identified in a National Registry for Addison's Disease (75% of identified male cases of Addison's disease in Norway), those with negative indices for 21-hydroxylase autoantibodies were selected. Additionally, cases with low autoantibody indices (48-200) were selected. Sera from subjects included were analysed for levels of very long-chain fatty acids, which are diagnostic for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy in men. ResultsEighteen subjects had negative indices and 17 had low indices for 21-hydroxylase autoantibodies. None of those with low indices and only one of those with negative indices were found to have X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy; this subject had already been diagnosed because of the neurological symptoms. Cases of Addison's disease proved to be caused by X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy constitute 15% of all adult male cases in Norway; the proportion among nonautoimmune cases was 15%. ConclusionsWe found X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy to be an uncommon cause of Addison's disease in adult men. However, this aetiological diagnosis has far-reaching consequences both for the patient and for his extended family. We therefore recommend that all adult men with nonautoimmune Addison's disease be analysed for levels of very long-chain fatty acids.
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| 6. |
- Moyano, A. L., et al.
(författare)
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Distribution of C16:0, C18:0, C24:1, and C24:0 sulfatides in central nervous system lipid rafts by quantitative ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
- 2014
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Ingår i: Analytical Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-2697. ; 467, s. 31-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sulfated galactosylceramides (sulfatides) are glycosphingolipids associated with cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane microdomains (lipid rafts) and are highly expressed in brain tissue. Although it is known that sulfatide species show heterogeneity in their fatty acid acyl group composition throughout brain development, their lipid raft distribution and biological relevance is poorly understood. We validated a fast and sensitive ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method to measure developmentally regulated sulfatide species (06:0, C18:0, C24:1, and C24:0) in central nervous system (CNS) lipid rafts isolated without using detergent. Our UHPLC-MS/MS assay showed good accuracy and precision with a linear range of 5 to 1000 nM for C18:0 and C24:1 sulfatides and 10 to 1000 nM for 06:0 and C24:0 sulfatides. We applied this quantitative analysis to detergent-free lipid rafts isolated from wild-type mice and arylsulfatase A-deficient (ASA knockout) mice that accumulate sulfatides. All four sulfatide species were more abundant in raft membranes than in non-raft membranes, with a significant increase in lipid rafts isolated from ASA knockout mice. This is the first description of an analytical method to study these sulfatide species in raft and non-raft membranes and has the potential to be applied to preparations from other tissues.
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| 7. |
- Moyano, A. L., et al.
(författare)
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Levels of plasma sulfatides C18: 0 and C24: 1 correlate with disease status in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0022-3042. ; 127:5, s. 600-604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the CNS and myelin-derived glycolipids are one of the targets of this autoimmune attack. In this study, we examined for the first time the plasma distribution of sulfatide isoforms. Sulfatides with long-chain (C24:0 or C24:1) and short-chain (C16:0 or C18:0) fatty acids were quantified in plasma of relapsing-remitting MS patients by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We found that C18:0 and C24:1 sulfatide plasma levels positively correlated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale. C16/C18:0 and C16/C24:0 ratios also correlated with the age and the time since last relapse. Healthy women showed higher levels of C16:0 sulfatide than healthy men; however, this gender difference disappeared in MS patients. Our data underline the potential use of sulfatides as biomarkers in relapsing-remitting MS and points to a possible association with the higher susceptibility of women to develop MS.
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| 8. |
- Månsson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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High prevalence of HIV-1, HIV-2 and other sexually transmitted infections among women attending two sexual health clinics in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, West Africa.
- 2010
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Ingår i: International journal of STD & AIDS. - : SAGE Publications. - 1758-1052 .- 0956-4624. ; 21:9, s. 631-635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to examine the prevalence of HIV-1, HIV-2 and 10 other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and to explore the relationship between HIV and those STIs in women attending two sexual health clinics in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. In all, 711 women with urogenital problems were included. Clinical examination was performed and HIV-1, HIV-2, human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-1, HTLV-2 and syphilis were diagnosed by serology. Trichomonas vaginalis was examined using wet mount microscopy. Cervical samples (and swabs from visible ulcers, if present) were used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Haemophilus ducreyi, herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and HSV-2, and culture diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The prevalence of HIV-1, HIV-2, and HIV-1 and HIV-2 (dual infection) was 9.5%, 1.8% and 1.1%, respectively. The prevalence of HTLV-1 was 2.8%, HTLV-2 0%, HSV-1 1.4%, HSV-2 7.7%, T. vaginalis 20.4%, syphilis 1.0%, N. gonorrhoeae 1.3%, H. ducreyi 2.7%, M. genitalium 7.7% and C. trachomatis 12.6%. HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 infection was significantly associated with active HSV-2 and HIV-1 was significantly associated with M. genitalium infection. In conclusion, HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalence was higher compared with previous studies of pregnant women in Guinea-Bissau. The prevalence of co-infection of HIV and other STIs is high. National evidence-based guidelines for the management of STIs in Guinea-Bissau are essential.
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| 9. |
- Månsson, Kristoffer, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting Long-Term Outcome of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder Using fMRI and Support Vector Machiness
- 2014
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Ingår i: Abstracts from the 44th Congress of the European Association for Behavioural & Cognitive Therapies.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has yielded robust treatment effects for social anxiety disorder (SAD) but still many patients do not respond fully to treatment, and a substantial proportion relapse after treatment has ended. Identification of robust predictors of sustained treatment responses could be of high clinical importance.Methods: We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI; 3T General Electric) to assess 26 patients (85% women, mean age 32.3 years) with SAD. Blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) responses to self-referential criticism, i.e. reading sentences such as "Nobody likes you" were compared to criticism referring to other individuals. Responses in the fear network, i.e. the amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and insula, were evaluated in a Support Vector Machine (SVM) approach to predict treatment outcome one-year after Internet-delivered CBT. We applied leave-one-out cross-validation to increase the generalizability of the data.Results: At one-year follow-up, three patients had dropped out. Twelve (52%) of the assessed patients met the response criteria, i.e. very much or much improved according to the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale (CGI-I). SVM on initial BOLD response, accurately classified patients according to responder status, based on multi-voxel patterns in the ACC (balanced accuracy of 91.7%, p=.001), and the ACC together with the amygdala (83.0%, p=.004) as well as the hippocampus (73.9%,p=.032).Conclusions: We demonstrate that initial multi-voxel BOLD response patterns to self-referential criticism in the ACC, amygdala, and hippocampus are highly predictive of long-term improvement of CBT in patients with SAD.
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| 10. |
- Arnold, C. L., et al.
(författare)
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Stabilized interferometric attosecond timing measurements
- 2013
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Ingår i: CLEO : QELS_Fundamental Science, CLEO:QELS FS 2013 - QELS_Fundamental Science, CLEO:QELS FS 2013. - 9781557529725
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We perform interferometric attosecond timing measurements to study XUV photoionization in noble gases, to diagnose macroscopic phase-matching conditions in high-order harmonic generation, and to investigate single-photon double-ionization by detecting electron pairs in coincidence.
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