| 1. |
- Sundberg, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis and design of industrial microwave ovens using the finite difference time domain method
- 1996
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Ingår i: The Journal of microwave power and electromagnetic energy. - 0832-7823. ; 31:3, s. 142-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method is applied to industrial microwave ovens used in the food industry. Theoretical and practical aspects of FDTD analysis for this purpose are dealt with. Two different open-ended applicator types are described and analyzed numerically and experimentally and their relative performance is discussed. One of these applicators is a novel design based on low impedance TM modes which reduces edge-overheating and load reflections. It is shown that the common belief that the heating pattern from open-ended microwave applicators can be predicted from their radiation fields alone is often in error, and that resonances in the whole system of applicators and food loads are of major importance.
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| 2. |
- Xing, K. Z., et al.
(författare)
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The electronic and geometric structures of neutral and potassium-doped poly[3-(4-octylphenyl)thiophene] studied by photoelectron spectroscopy
- 1996
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Ingår i: Synthetic metals. - : Elsevier. - 0379-6779 .- 1879-3290. ; 76:1-3, s. 263-267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic and geometric structures of poly [3-(4-octylphenyl)thiophene] have been studied by X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS and UPS, respectively). Thermochromic effects, and new charge induced states generated by potassium doping, have been observed by direct UPS measurements. The experimental results are in very good agreement with the results of theoretical quantum chemical calculations performed with the Austin Model 1 semi-empirical model and the valence-effective Hamiltonian pseudo-potential model.
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| 3. |
- Xing, K. Z., et al.
(författare)
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The electronic structure of neutral and alkali metal-doped poly[3-(4-octylphenyl)thiophene] studied by photoelectron spectroscopy
- 1996
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Ingår i: Synthetic metals. - : Elsevier. - 0379-6779 .- 1879-3290. ; 80:1, s. 59-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic structure of poly [3-(4-octylphenyl)thiophene] (POPT) has been studied by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), as well as by quantum chemical calculations. Both temperature-dependent effects on the electronic structure of the neutral system, as well as the generation of new electronic states induced by doping with alkaline metals, have been observed. The experimental results are in good agreement with the results of the quantum chemical calculations.
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| 4. |
- Alvarez Fernandez, Marcia, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibition of mammalian legumain by some cystatins is due to a novel second reactive site
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 1083-351X. ; 274:27, s. 19195-19203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated the inhibition of the recently identified family C13 cysteine peptidase, pig legumain, by human cystatin C. The cystatin was seen to inhibit enzyme activity by stoichiometric 1:1 binding in competition with substrate. The Ki value for the interaction was 0.20 nM, i.e. cystatin C had an affinity for legumain similar to that for the papain-like family C1 cysteine peptidase, cathepsin B. However, cystatin C variants with alterations in the N-terminal region and the "second hairpin loop" that rendered the cystatin inactive against cathepsin B, still inhibited legumain with Ki values 0.2-0.3 nM. Complexes between cystatin C and papain inhibited legumain activity against benzoyl-Asn-NHPhNO2 as efficiently as did cystatin C alone. Conversely, cystatin C inhibited papain activity against benzoyl-Arg-NHPhNO2 whether or not the cystatin had been incubated with legumain, strongly indicating that the cystatin inhibited the two enzymes with non-overlapping sites. A ternary complex between legumain, cystatin C, and papain was demonstrated by gel filtration supported by immunoblotting. Screening of a panel of cystatin superfamily members showed that type 1 inhibitors (cystatins A and B) and low Mr kininogen (type 3) did not inhibit pig legumain. Of human type 2 cystatins, cystatin D was non-inhibitory, whereas cystatin E/M and cystatin F displayed strong (Ki 0.0016 nM) and relatively weak (Ki 10 nM) affinity for legumain, respectively. Sequence alignments and molecular modeling led to the suggestion that a loop located on the opposite side to the papain-binding surface, between the alpha-helix and the first strand of the main beta-pleated sheet of the cystatin structure, could be involved in legumain binding. This was corroborated by analysis of a cystatin C variant with substitution of the Asn39 residue in this loop (N39K-cystatin C); this variant showed a slight reduction in affinity for cathepsin B (Ki 1.5 nM) but >>5,000-fold lower affinity for legumain (Ki >>1,000 nM) than wild-type cystatin C.
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| 5. |
- Bleichrodt, Han, et al.
(författare)
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Characterizing QALYs by Risk Neutrality
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Risk and Uncertainty. - : Springer. - 1573-0476 .- 0895-5646. ; 15:2, s. 107-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper shows that QALYs can be derived from more elementary conditions than thought hitherto in the literature: it suffices to impose risk neutrality for life years in every health state. This derivation of QALYs is appealing because it does not require knowledge of concepts from utility theory such as utility independence. Therefore our axiomatization greatly facilitates the assessment of the normative (non)validity of QALYs in medical decision making. Moreover, risk neutrality can easily be tested in experimental designs, which makes it straightforward to assess the descriptive (non)validity of QALYs. Copyright 1997 by Kluwer Academic Publishers
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| 6. |
- Borres, Magnus P., et al.
(författare)
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Nasal metachromatic cells in infancy in relation to the appearance of atopic disease during the first 6 years of life
- 1997
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley InterScience. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 52:7, s. 770-774
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between the appearance of nasal metachromatic cells (basophils and mast cells) during the first 18 months of life and the development of respiratory and other allergic diseases up to 6 years of age was studied prospectively in 67 children. Follow-up was done at 3, 6, 9, and 18 months and 6 years. Of the 31 children who had detectable metachromatic cells in the nasal mucosa during infancy, 18 had atopic manifestations at 6 years (58%), two were probably atopic (6%), and 11 (36%) were nonatopic. The corresponding numbers for the 33 children without detectable metachromatic cells during infancy were 10 atopic (30%), two probably atopic (6%), and 21 nonatopic (64%) at 6 years (P<0.05). Children having detectable nasal metachromatic cells at every examination were more often allergic than children with no detectable cells at any time during the 6-year follow-up period (P<0.05). In contrast, nasal metachromatic cells were equally commonly demonstrated at 6 years in children with and without current atopic manifestations. We conclude that metachromatic cells appear at an earlier age in the nasal mucosa of atopic than nonatopic infants. The observation further supports the existence of a primary immunologic abnormality in atopic patients as related to allergic inflammatory responses. The diagnostic efficacy of this marker was too low, however, to be clinically useful as a predictor of allergy.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Dodabalapur, A, et al.
(författare)
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Resonators and materials for organic lasers based on energy transfer
- 1998
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1077-260X .- 1558-4542. ; 4:1, s. 67-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optically pumped lasers have been fabricated with organic/polymeric materials capable of charge transport. The active materials employed are doped films with small molecule hosts and dye, oligomer, and conjugated polymer emitters, In these materials, the excited states created in the host are transferred nonradiatively to the guest molecules which are the emitters, This energy transfer results in very low absorption losses at the emission wavelength and relatively low-threshold powers for the onset of stimulated emission. Such gain media have been successfully included in many types of resonators including whispering-gallery mode, photonic bandgap, and distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) based resonators. A number of novel patterning and fabrication procedures have been developed for organic-based lasers.
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| 9. |
- Ekiel, I, et al.
(författare)
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NMR structural studies of human cystatin C dimers and monomers
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1089-8638 .- 0022-2836. ; 271:2, s. 266-277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human cystatin C undergoes dimerization before unfolding. Dimerization leads to a complete loss of its activity as a cysteine proteinase inhibitor. A similar process of dimerization has been observed in cells, and may be related to the amyloid formation seen for the L68Q variant of the protein. Dimerization is barrier controlled, and no dimer/monomer interconversion can be observed at physiological conditions. As a consequence, very stable, “trapped” dimers can be easily separated from monomers. A study of the structural aspects of cystatin C dimer formation was undertaken using NMR spectroscopy. The monomer/dimer model was verified by (pulse field gradient NMR) self-diffusion molecular mass measurements. Complete backbone resonance assignments and secondary structure determination were obtained for the monomer using data from triple resonance experiments performed on 13C/15N doubly labeled protein. A marked similarity of the cystatin C secondary structure to that of chicken cystatin was observed. Using uniformly and amino-acid-specific 15N-enriched protein, backbone NH signals were assigned for cystatin C in its dimeric state. Comparison of 1H-15N correlation NMR spectra of the monomer and dimer shows that the three-dimensional structure remains unchanged in the dimer and that only local perturbations occur. These are localized to the amino acid residues comprising the cysteine proteinase binding site. Such a mode of dimerization readily explains the complete loss of the inhibitory activity in the dimer. The NMR results also demonstrate that the dimer is symmetric.
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| 10. |
- Fissum, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
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High-resolution measurement of the 12C(γ,p)11B reaction to excited states for Eγ=50–70MeV
- 1998
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Ingår i: Physical Review C: covering nuclear physics. - 2469-9985. ; 58:4, s. 2167-2173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Relative population of states in 11B following the 12C(γ,p) reaction has been measured with high resolution using the deexcitation γ-ray technique. The states near 7 MeV in 11B are clearly resolved and the measured population clarifies earlier conflicting data. Comparison of the results with new calculations indicates the importance of both one-nucleon and multinucleon processes.
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