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- Martson, A-G, et al.
(författare)
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How to design a study to evaluate therapeutic drug monitoring in infectious diseases?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical Microbiology and Infection. - : Elsevier BV. - 1198-743X .- 1469-0691. ; 26:8, s. 1008-1016
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a tool to personalize and optimize dosing by measuring the drug concentration and subsequently adjusting the dose to reach a target concentration or exposure. The evidence to support TDM is however often ranked as expert opinion. Limitations in study design and sample size have hampered definitive conclusions of the potential added value of TDM.Objectives: We aim to give expert opinion and discuss the main points and limitations of available data from antibiotic TDM trials and emphasize key elements for consideration in design of future clinical studies to quantify the benefits of TDM.Sources: The sources were peer-reviewed publications, guidelines and expert opinions from the field of TDM.Content: This review focuses on key aspects of antimicrobial TDM study design: describing the rationale for a TDM study, assessing the exposure of a drug, assessing susceptibility of pathogens and selecting appropriate clinical endpoints. Moreover we provide guidance on appropriate study design.
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| 2. |
- Arvidsson, H., et al.
(författare)
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Easily Applicable Methods for Measuring the Mental Load on Tractor Operators
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health. - : American Society of Agricultural & Biological Engineers. - 1074-7583 .- 1943-7846. ; 26:1, s. 5-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agriculture technology is moving toward automation, placing operators in a supervisory role. This change in operator workload may lead to increased stress and higher mental load, resulting in reduced attention and hence greater risk of illness or injury to humans and damage to equipment. This study investigated the use of easily applicable equipment to measure mental load. Three methods were used to measure the mental load on machine operators: heart rate monitoring, two types of electroencephalograph (EEG) evaluation, and an assessment protocol. Three driving exercises (general driving, slalom driving, and loading) and a counting exercise were used in a driving simulator to create different levels of mental load. Due to the number of exercises, a single-scale assessment protocol was used to save time. We found that only the assessment protocol gave clear results and would work well as an evaluation tool. The heart rate and EEG measurements did not provide clear data for mental load assessment.
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