| 1. |
- Felton, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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The tree species matters : Biodiversity and ecosystem service implications of replacing Scots pine production stands with Norway spruce.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 49:5, s. 1035-1049
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The choice of tree species used in production forests matters for biodiversity and ecosystem services. In Sweden, damage to young production forests by large browsing herbivores is helping to drive a development where sites traditionally regenerated with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) are instead being regenerated with Norway spruce (Picea abies). We provide a condensed synthesis of the available evidence regarding the likely resultant implications for forest biodiversity and ecosystem services from this change in tree species. Apart from some benefits (e.g. reduced stand-level browsing damage), we identified a range of negative outcomes for biodiversity, production, esthetic and recreational values, as well as increased stand vulnerability to storm, frost, and drought damage, and potentially higher risks of pest and pathogen outbreak. Our results are directly relevant to forest owners and policy-makers seeking information regarding the uncertainties, risks, and trade-offs likely to result from changing the tree species in production forests.
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, Evalill, et al.
(författare)
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SF-36 predicts 13-year CHD incidence in a middle-aged Swedish general population
- 2020
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Ingår i: Quality of Life Research. - : Springer. - 0962-9343 .- 1573-2649. ; 29, s. 971-975
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeTo study the predictive ability of each of the eight scales of SF-36 on 13-year all-cause mortality and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in a general middle-aged population.MethodsThe population-based, longitudinal “Life-conditions, Stress and Health” study, in 2003–2004 enrolled 1007 persons aged 45–69 years (50% female), randomly sampled from the general population in Östergötland, Sweden. Variables at baseline included the SF-36 (health-related quality of life, HRQoL) and self-reported disease. Incident CHD (morbidity and mortality) and all-cause mortality data for the study population during the first 13 years from baseline were obtained from national Swedish registries.ResultsSeven of the eight SF-36 scales predicted CHD (sex- and age-adjusted Hazard Ratios up to 2.15; p ≤ 0.05), while only the Physical Functioning scale significantly predicted all-cause mortality. Further adjustments for presence of (self-reported) disease did not, in most cases, alter these significant predictions.ConclusionLow SF-36 scores predict risk of CHD, also after adjustment for present disease, supporting the biopsychosocial model of health and disease. Measures of HRQoL yield important information and can add to the cardiopreventive toolbox, including primary prevention efforts, as it is such a simple and relatively inexpensive tool.
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| 3. |
- Nilsson, Klara, et al.
(författare)
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Surgical Morbidity and Mortality From the Multicenter Randomized Controlled NeoRes II Trial : Standard Versus Prolonged Time to Surgery After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Annals of Surgery. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0003-4932 .- 1528-1140. ; 272:5, s. 684-689
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate if prolonged TTS after completed nCRT improves postoperative outcomes for esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer.SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: TTS has traditionally been 4-6 weeks after completed nCRT. However, the optimal timing is not known.METHODS: A multicenter clinical trial was performed with randomized allocation of TTS of 4-6 or 10-12 weeks. The primary endpoint of this sub-study was overall postoperative complications defined as Clavien-Dindo grade II-V. Secondary endpoints included complication severity according to Clavien-Dindo grade IIIb-V, postoperative 90-day mortality, and length of hospital stay. The study was registered in Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02415101).RESULTS: In total 249 patients were randomized. There were no significant differences between standard TTS and prolonged TTS with regard to overall incidence of complications Clavien-Dindo grade II-V (63.2% vs 72.6%, P = 0.134) or regarding Clavien-Dindo grade IIIb-V complications (31.6% vs 34.9%, P = 0.603). There were no statistically significant differences between standard and prolonged TTS regarding anastomotic leak (P = 0.596), conduit necrosis (P = 0.524), chyle leak (P = 0.427), pneumonia (P = 0.548), and respiratory failure (P = 0.723). In the standard TTS arm 5 patients (4.3%) died within 90 days of surgery, compared to 4 patients (3.8%) in the prolonged TTS arm (P = 1.0). Median length of hospital stay was 15 days in the standard TTS arm and 17 days in the prolonged TTS arm (P = 0.234).CONCLUSION: The timing of surgery after completed nCRT for carcinoma of the esophagus or esophagogastric junction, is not of major importance with regard to short-term postoperative outcomes.
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| 4. |
- Osterwalder, S., et al.
(författare)
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Critical Observations of Gaseous Elemental Mercury Air-Sea Exchange
- 2021
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Ingår i: Global Biogeochemical Cycles. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0886-6236 .- 1944-9224. ; 35:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Air-sea exchange of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg-0) is not well constrained, even though it is a major component of the global Hg cycle. Lack of Hg-0 flux measurements to validate parameterizations of the Hg-0 transfer velocity contributes to this uncertainty. We measured the Hg-0 flux on the Baltic Sea coast using micrometeorological methods (gradient-based and relaxed eddy accumulation [REA]) and also simulated the flux with a gas exchange model. The coastal waters were typically supersaturated with Hg-0 (mean +/- 1 sigma = 13.5 +/- 3.5 ng m(-3); ca. 10% of total Hg) compared to the atmosphere (1.3 +/- 0.2 ng m(-3)). The Hg-0 flux calculated using the gas exchange model ranged from 0.1-1.3 ng m(-2) h(-1) (10th and 90th percentile) over the course of the campaign (May 10-June 20, 2017) and showed a distinct diel fluctuation. The mean coastal Hg-0 fluxes determined with the two gradient-based approaches and REA were 0.3, 0.5, and 0.6 ng m(-2) h(-1), respectively. In contrast, the mean open sea Hg-0 flux measured with REA was larger (6.3 ng m(-2) h(-1)). The open sea Hg-0 flux indicated a stronger wind speed dependence for the Hg-0 transfer velocity compared to commonly used parameterizations. Although based on a limited data set, we suggest that the wind speed dependence of the Hg-0 transfer velocity is more consistent with gases that have less water solubility than CO2 (e.g., O-2). These pioneering flux measurements using micrometeorological techniques show that more such measurements would improve our understanding of air-sea Hg exchange.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Membrane integration and topology of RIFIN and STEVOR proteins of the Plasmodium falciparum parasite
- 2020
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Ingår i: The FEBS Journal. - : Wiley. - 1742-464X .- 1742-4658. ; 287:13, s. 2744-2762
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The malarial parasite Plasmodium exports its own proteins to the cell surfaces of red blood cells (RBCs) during infection. Examples of exported proteins include members of the repetitive interspersed family (RIFIN) and subtelomeric variable open reading frame (STEVOR) family of proteins from Plasmodium falciparum. The presence of these parasite-derived proteins on surfaces of infected RBCs triggers the adhesion of infected cells to uninfected cells (rosetting) and to the vascular endothelium potentially obstructing blood flow. While there is a fair amount of information on the localization of these proteins on the cell surfaces of RBCs, less is known about how they can be exported to the membrane and the topologies they can adopt during the process. The first step of export is plausibly the cotranslational insertion of proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the parasite, and here, we investigate the insertion of three RIFIN and two STEVOR proteins into the ER membrane. We employ a well-established experimental system that uses N-linked glycosylation of sites within the protein as a measure to assess the extent of membrane insertion and the topology it assumes when inserted into the ER membrane. Our results indicate that for all the proteins tested, transmembranes (TMs) 1 and 3 integrate into the membrane, so that the protein assumes an overall topology of Ncyt-Ccyt. We also show that the segment predicted to be TM2 for each of the proteins likely does not reside in the membrane, but is translocated to the lumen.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Bengt-Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Cigarette Smoking and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma on Circulating Inflammatory Biomarkers
- 2020
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Ingår i: Oncology. - : S. Karger. - 0030-2414 .- 1423-0232. ; 98:1, s. 42-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Smoking induces inflammation and an immune response. A cancer-related inflammatory response has been seen in smoking and nonsmoking head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the possible separated effects of smoking or HNSCC on 18 inflammatory or immune regulatory biomarkers.METHODS: Fifty-one nonsmoking and 36 smoking pretreated HNSCC patients and 101 nonsmoking and 39 smoking controls were included in this study. The levels of 18 inflammatory or immune regulatory biomarkers were analyzed. A multivariable linear regression model was used to predict the impact of smoking and HNSCC on the levels of the biomarkers.RESULTS: Smoking had the highest impact on total WBC, IFN-γ, and MCP-1 levels. The highest impact of HNSCC was found on neutrophils, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, HsCRP, MIP-1b, and TNF-α levels.CONCLUSION: Identifying HNSCC or smoking-related inflammatory biomarkers might contribute to the understanding of the immune response in HNSCC patients. This study could provide information of inflammatory biomarkers in HNSCC patients.
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| 9. |
- Aydogdu, Canan, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Radar Interference Mitigation for Automated Driving : Exploring Proactive Strategies
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE signal processing magazine (Print). - Piscataway : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1053-5888 .- 1558-0792. ; 37:4, s. 72-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autonomous driving relies on a variety of sensors, especially radars, which have unique robustness under heavy rain/fog/snow and poor light conditions. With the rapid increase of the amount of radars used on modern vehicles, where most radars operate in the same frequency band, the risk of radar interference becomes a compelling issue. This article analyzes automotive radar interference and proposes several new approaches that combine industrial and academic expertise toward the goal of achieving interference-free autonomous driving (AD). © IEEE.
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| 10. |
- Aydogdu, Canan, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Radar Interference Mitigation through Active Coordination
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE National Radar Conference - Proceedings. - : IEEE. - 1097-5659. ; 2021-May, s. 1-6
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intelligent transportation is heavily reliant on radar, which have unique robustness under heavy rain/fog/snow and poor light conditions. With the rapid increase of the number of radars used on modern vehicles, most operating in the same frequency band, the risk of radar interference becomes an important issue. As in radio communication, interference can be mitigated through coordination. We present and evaluate two approaches for radar interference coordination, one for FMCW and one for OFDM, and highlight their challenges and opportunities.
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