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Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Nilsson Ulrika) ;srt2:(2005-2009)"

Sökning: WFRF:(Nilsson Ulrika) > (2005-2009)

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11.
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12.
  • Ek, Patrik, 1980- (författare)
  • Mass Spectrometry with Electrospray Ionization from an Adjustable Gap
  • 2008
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In this thesis the fabrication and analytical evaluation of two new electrospray emitters utilized for mass spectrometry analysis is presented. The emitters are based on a new concept, where the spray orifice can be varied in size. The thesis is based on two papers. All present-day nanoelectrospray emitters have fixed dimensions. The range of the applicable flow rate for such an emitter is therefore rather limited and exchange of emitters may be necessary from one experiment to another. Optimization of the signal of the analyte ions is also limited to adjustments of the applied voltage or the distance between the emitter and the mass spectrometer inlet. Furthermore, clogging can occur in emitters with fixed dimensions of narrow orifice sizes. In this thesis, electrospray emitters with a variable size of the spray orifice are proposed. An open gap between two thin substrates is filled with sample solution via a liquid bridge from a capillary. Electrospray is generated at the end point of the gap, which can be varied in width. In Paper I, electrospray emitters fabricated in polyethylene terephthalate have been evaluated. Triangular tips are manually cut from the polymer film. The tips are mounted to form a gap between the edges of the tips. The gap wall surfaces are subjected to a hydrophilic surface treatment to increase the wetting of the gap walls. In Paper II, silicon electrospray chips with high precision are fabricated and evaluated. A thin beam, elevated from the bulk silicon chip is fabricated by means of deep reactive ion etching. The top surfaces of the beams of two chips act as a sample conduit when mounted in the electrospray setup. An anisotropic etching step with KOH of the intersecting <100> crystal planes results in a very sharp spray point. The emitters were given a hydrophobic surface treatment except for the hydrophilic gap walls. For both emitter designs, the gap width has been adjusted during the experiments without any interruption of the electrospray. For a continuously applied peptide mixture, a shift towards higher charge states and increased signal to noise ratios could be observed when decreasing the gap width. The limit of detection has been investigated and the silicon chips have been interfaced with capillary electrophoresis.
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13.
  • Eriksson, Andreas C, et al. (författare)
  • Adhesion of human platelets to albumin is synergistically increased by lysophosphatidic acid and adrenaline in a donor-dependent fashion
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0957-5235 .- 1473-5733. ; 17:5, s. 359-368
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and adrenaline are weak platelet activators considered important for thrombus formation, and were previously shown to synergistically increase platelet aggregation. Here we investigate synergistic activation by LPA and adrenaline when measuring platelet adhesion. Platelet-rich plasma from healthy blood donors together with adrenaline and/or LPA were added to protein-coated microplates. Platelets were allowed to adhere and the amount of adhesion detected enzymatically. The LPA and adrenaline combination induced a synergistic increase of platelet adhesion to a normally non-adhesive albumin surface. The degree of synergy varied markedly between individuals; these variations could not be explained by age, gender, blood type or different amounts of platelets, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, insulin or glucose in plasma. There was a trend indicating increased synergistic effect for platelets sensitive to adrenaline stimulation. The synergistic effect was blocked by the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine and inhibited by the ADP scavenger system creatine phosphate/creatine phosphokinase and antibodies against αIIbβ3. Furthermore, platelets adhering to albumin after adrenaline and LPA treatment expressed P-selectin. In conclusion, LPA and adrenaline act synergistically to increase αIIbβ3-mediated platelet adhesion to albumin, dependent on α2-adrenoceptor signalling and platelet secretion. We also confirm that synergistic platelet activation achieved with LPA and adrenaline is highly donor dependent.
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14.
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15.
  • Eriksson, Ulrika, et al. (författare)
  • Läkemedelsförteckningen - utvidgad pilot : utvärderingsrapport
  • 2007
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Läkemedelsförteckningen är den första nationellt samlade databasen för alla receptförskrivna läkemedel som är uthämtade på apotek. Denna rapport redogör för användningen av Läkemedelsförteckningen hos förskrivare inom projektet Utvidgad pilot. Projektet är en uppföljning av ett tidigare projekt, Pilot 1.Resultatet från Utvidgad pilot bekräftar resultaten från Pilot 1 där förskrivarna hade en positiv attityd till Läkemedelsförteckningen. Föreliggande utvärdering visar även att Läkemedelsförteckningen upplevs ge ökad patientsäkerhet då förskrivarna ser stor nytta med den kompletterande information som förteckningen ger dem och att informationen i Läkemedelsförteckningen har underlättat läkemedelsdiskussionen mellan patienten och förskrivaren. Förskrivarna ser speciell nytta med informationen i Läkemedelsförteckningen för följande patientgrupper: patienter med oklar medicinering, patienter med flera vårdkontakter, misstänkta fall av missbruk och för akut behandlade patienter.Användningen av Läkemedelsförteckningen har dock, trots den påvisade nyttan, varit begränsad. Detta kan till stor del förklaras av det besvärliga inloggningsförfarandet samt den tidsödande lagringen av uppgifterna in i journalen. Möjligheten att integrera Läkemedelsförteckningen med journalsystemen ses som en avgörande faktor för att möjliggöra ett smidigt framtida användande av Läkemedelsförteckningen.
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16.
  • Esseen, Per-Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Forest edge quantification by line intersect sampling in aerial photographs
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 230, s. 32-42
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There is a need for accurate and efficient methods for quantification and characterisation of forest edges at the landscape level in order to understand and mitigate the effects of forest fragmentation on biodiversity.We present and evaluate a method for collecting detailed data on forest edges in aerial photographs by using line intersect sampling (LIS). A digital photogrammetric system was used to collect data from scanned colour infrared photographs in a managed boreal forest landscape.We focused on high-contrast edges between forest (height ≥10 m) and adjoining open habitat or young, regenerating forest (height ≤5 m). We evaluated the air photo interpretation with respect to accuracy in estimated edge length, edge detection, edge type classification and structural variables recorded in 20 m radius plots, using detailed field data as reference. The estimated length of forest edge in the air photo interpretation (52 ± 8.8 m ha-1; mean ± standard error) was close to that in the field survey (58 ± 9.3 m ha-1). The accuracy in edge type classification (type of open habitat) was high (88% correctly classified). Both tree height and canopy cover showed strong relationships with the field data in the forest, buttree height was underestimated by 2.3 m. Data collection was eight times faster and five times more cost-efficient in aerial photographs than in field sampling. The study shows that line intersect sampling in aerial photographs has large potential as a general tool for collecting detailed information on the quantity and characteristics of high-contrast edges in managed forest ecosystems.
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17.
  • Garvin, Stina, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of estradiol and tamoxifen on VEGF, soluble VEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2 in breast cancer and endothelial cells
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: British journal of cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 93:9, s. 1005-1010
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Angiogenesis is regulated by the balance between pro- and antiangiogenic factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), acting via the receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2, is a key mediator of tumour angiogenesis. The soluble form of the VEGF receptor-1 (sVEGFR-1) is an important negative regulator of VEGF-mediated angiogenesis. The majority of breast cancers are oestrogen dependent, but it is not fully understood how oestrogen and the antioestrogen, tamoxifen, affect the balance of angiogenic factors. Angiogenesis is a result of the interplay between cancer and endothelial cells, and sex steroids may exert effects on both cell types. In this study we show that oestradiol decreased secreted sVEGFR-1, increased secreted VEGF, and decreased the ratio of sVEGFR-1/VEGF in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. The addition of tamoxifen opposed these effects. Moreover, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) incubated with supernatants from oestradiol-treated MCF-7 cells exhibited higher VEGFR-2 levels than controls. In vivo, MCF-7 tumours from oestradiol+tamoxifen-treated nude mice exhibited decreased tumour vasculature. Our results suggest that tamoxifen and oestradiol exert dual effects on the angiogenic environment in breast cancer by regulating cancer cell-secreted angiogenic ligands such as VEGF and sVEGFR-1 and by affecting VEGFR-2 expression of endothelial cells.
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18.
  • Garvin, Stina, et al. (författare)
  • Estradiol increases VEGF in human breast studied by whole-tissue culture.
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Cell and Tissue Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 325:2, s. 245-51
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sex steroid exposure constitutes a risk factor for breast cancer, but little is known about the effects of sex steroids on the normal breast, largely because of the lack of convenient models. We have developed a method of culturing normal breast tissue ex vivo. We have applied this method to investigate the effects of estradiol and progesterone on the key angiogenic mediator, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the breast. Whole breast tissue was obtained from routine reduction mammoplasty. Tissue biopsies were cultured in vitro for 1-3 weeks, and the expression of luminal cytokeratin 18 was determined by immunohistochemistry. As an application, tissue biopsies were treated in vitro for 1 week with or without estradiol or estradiol and progesterone. Estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and Ki-67 were analyzed, and VEGF levels were examined by quantitative immunoassay and immunohistochemistry. Whole breast tissue was cultured ex vivo for 1 week with preserved morphology. Increased detachment of the luminal epithelium was observed after 2 weeks. Estradiol increased extracellular levels of VEGF in normal breast tissue biopsy medium. The addition of progesterone had neither stimulatory nor inhibitory effects on secreted VEGF. The method of whole breast tissue culturing thus provide a means by which to explore the biology of normal breast tissue. Our results suggest that estradiol exerts pro-angiogenic effects in normal breast by increasing levels of biologically active VEGF.
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19.
  • Garvin, Stina, et al. (författare)
  • Estradiol increases VEGF in normal human breast studied by whole-tissue culture
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Cell Tissue Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0302-766X .- 1432-0878. ; 325:2, s. 245-251
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sex steroid exposure constitutes a risk factor for breast cancer, but little is known about the effects of sex steroids on the normal breast, largely because of the lack of convenient models. We have developed a method of culturing normal breast tissue ex vivo. We have applied this method to investigate the effects of estradiol and progesterone on the key angiogenic mediator, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the breast. Whole breast tissue was obtained from routine reduction mammoplasty. Tissue biopsies were cultured in vitro for 1–3 weeks, and the expression of luminal cytokeratin 18 was determined by immunohistochemistry. As an application, tissue biopsies were treated in vitro for 1 week with or without estradiol or estradiol and progesterone. Estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and Ki–67 were analyzed, and VEGF levels were examined by quantitative immunoassay and immunohistochemistry. Whole breast tissue was cultured ex vivo for 1 week with preserved morphology. Increased detachment of the luminal epithelium was observed after 2 weeks. Estradiol increased extracellular levels of VEGF in normal breast tissue biopsy medium. The addition of progesterone had neither stimulatory nor inhibitory effects on secreted VEGF. The method of whole breast tissue culturing thus provide a means by which to explore the biology of normal breast tissue. Our results suggest that estradiol exerts pro-angiogenic effects in normal breast by increasing levels of biologically active VEGF.
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20.
  • Hansson, Helena, 1968-, et al. (författare)
  • Assessment of a dynamic hollow-fibre liquid phase microextraction system forhuman blood plasma samples
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Talanta. - : Elsevier. - 0039-9140 .- 1873-3573. ; 77:4, s. 1309-1314
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A dynamic liquid phase microextraction (LPME) system, based on hollow-fibre supported liquid membrane(SLM) extraction, was developed for extracting ionisable xenobiotics from human plasma, andits performance was evaluated (in terms of extraction efficiency, reproducibility, durability and carryover)using nitrophenolic compounds as model analytes at concentrations of 0.1–0.5gmL−1 in aqueousstandards. The efficiency and repeatability were tested also on spiked human plasma. The system isnon-expensive, convenient, requires minimal manual handling and enables samples with volumes assmall as 0.2mL to be extracted. For plasma samples extraction efficiencies of between 30 and 58% wereachieved within 20 min, including washing steps. The limit of detection (LOD) values were in the range0.02–0.03gmL−1. The developed system can provide enrichment factors up to eight, based on theinjection-to-acceptor volume ratio (in this case 0.2–0.025 mL). The same hollow-fibre membrane wasused up to 8 days with no loss of efficiency. Carry-over was lower than detection limit.
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