| 31. |
- Herreros, Alberto, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Changes in the Beat-to-Beat P-wave Morphology Using Clustering Techniques
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biomedical Signal Processing and Control. - : Elsevier BV. - 1746-8094. ; 4:4, s. 309-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several pathologies related to the atrial electrical activity can be detected in the electrocardiogram P-wave. A protocol for analyzing P-wave morphology changes has been developed in this article. By using this protocol a study on the beat-to-beat P-wave morphology changes of 89 ECG signals is performed. An algorithmbased on the embedding space techniques has been used to extract the P-wave information of the ECG. The P-waves obtained in several of these ECGs exhibit significant alternate morphology changes. The morphologies have been classified by using the K-means clustering algorithm. The mechanism behind the P-wave morphology change process and its possible pathophysiological importance remains to be clarified.
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| 32. |
- Herreros, Alberto, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Changes in the Beat-to-Beat P-Wave Morphology Using Clustering Techniques
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 17th World Congress Proceedings of the 17th World Congress of The International Federation of Automatic Control. - 1474-6670. - 9783902661005 ; 41:1, s. 5215-5220
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several pathologies related to the atrial electrical activity can be detected in the electrocardiogram P-wave. A study on the beat-to-beat P-wave morphology changes of 89 ECG signals is performed in this article. An algorithm based on the embedding space techniques has been used to extract the P-wave information of the ECG. The P-waves obtained in several of these ECGs exhibit intermittent morphology changes. The morphologies have been classified by using the K-means clustering algorithm. The mechanism behind different P-wave morphologies and its possible pathophysiological importance remains to be clarified.
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| 33. |
- Johannesson, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Screening for biomarkers in plasma from patients with gangrenous phlegmonous appendicitis using CE and CEC in combination with MS
- 2007
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Ingår i: Electrophoresis. - : Wiley. - 0173-0835 .- 1522-2683. ; 28:9, s. 1435-1443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today a high degree of "false" appendicitis diagnoses are occurring. In this study, a screening experiment of biomarkers of two different kinds of appendicitis, gangrenous and phlegmonous, were conducted with CE and CEC coupled to MS. Plasma samples were obtained from patients pre- and post-surgery. A large amount of data was generated to be able to compare them, and chemometrics tools were utilized to visualize the differences. Indicative patterns were found for both pre- and post-surgery of the two types of inflammation as well as between them. The divergences were traced back to the MS peaks obtained in the CE- and CEC-MS setups as possible biomarkers for the two forms of appendicitis.
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| 34. |
- Johnsson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling Performance in Complex Product Development : A Product Development Organisational Performance Model
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Management of Technology. 2008, IAMOT.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The contribution of this research is the Product Development Organizational Performance Model (PDOPM). The model consists of three generic levels of activities: product strategy, project management and product activities. Each level of activity uses resources to transform input to output under the direction of goals and constraints. This view of an activity is based on the IDEF0 concept. The goal of the product strategy activity is related to the business strategy and the output of the activity is the goal for the project management activity. Project management translates the goal into outputs that become goals for the product activities. This way of modeling the product development (PD) process with three generic levels of activities makes it possible to analyze performance from the three perspectives. Effectiveness, efficiency and uncertainty are defined for the three generic levels of activities. Effectiveness can be expressed as how the output relates to the goal of the activities whereas efficiency can be defined as the difference between output and input divided by the used resources. The uncertainty can be viewed as the difference between the goal and the input. A first verification of the PDOPM has been performed by a root cause analysis of three problem areas selected from the result of a previously conducted case study. Furthermore, the PDOPM can be used as a way of discussing the effect which these three levels of activities have on PD as a whole (i.e. from a holistic view, aligning product strategy, project management, and product activities).
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| 35. |
- Kalaitzakis, Evangelos, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with liver cirrhosis: associations with nutritional status and health-related quality of life.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 41:12, s. 1464-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Gastrointestinal symptoms can lead to decreased food intake and thereby increased morbidity. There is a general lack of data on the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and their potential association with malnutrition and health-related quality of life (QoL) in cirrhosis. Our aim was to prospectively evaluate gastrointestinal symptoms, malnutrition, and QoL in patients with cirrhosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two validated questionnaires were used to measure gastrointestinal symptoms (gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS)) and health-related QoL (SF-36) in 128 consecutive cirrhotics (mean age 57 years, Child-Pugh score 8.6, MELD score 13.2) at a tertiary referral center. The results were compared with those of controls from the general population. Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometry and estimation of recent weight change. RESULTS: Compared to controls, cirrhotic patients showed higher gastrointestinal symptom severity (total GSRS score: 1.53, 95% CI 1.50-1.55 versus 2.21, 95% CI 2.04-2.38) and profound reductions in the SF-36 physical (47.0 95% CI 45.0-49.0 versus 37.9, 95% CI 35.7-40.1) and mental component summary scores (51.0 95% CI 49.0-53.0 versus 39.2 95% CI 36.7-41.6). There were no significant differences in any GSRS domain between patients with and those without malnutrition. Multivariate analysis showed that gastrointestinal symptom severity was associated with the Child-Pugh score (beta = 0.10, r<0.05), daily lactulose use (beta = 0.65, p<0.005), and the presence of gastrointestinal comorbidities (beta = 0.51, p<0.05). Negative weight change (beta = -0.72, p<0.05) and the SF-36 physical (beta = -4.26, p<0.005) and mental (beta = -4.53, p<0.005) summaries were independently related to gastrointestinal symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with cirrhosis show increased severity of gastrointestinal symptoms, which are associated with recent weight loss and impaired health-related QoL. The severity of gastrointestinal symptoms seems to be related to the severity of cirrhosis.
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| 36. |
- Lindgren, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Transitions between variant forms of primary biliary cirrhosis during long-term follow-up
- 2009
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE. - : Elsevier BV. - 0953-6205 .- 1879-0828. ; 20:4, s. 398-402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Conditions exhibiting features of two different autoimmune liver diseases are designated overlap syndromes. Variant forms display some, but not all, characteristics of a distinct autoimmune liver disease. We describe transitions over time between variant forms of PBC, i.e. AMA-negative PBC, autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)-PBC overlap and autoimmune cholangitis (AIC) in a large cohort of PBC patients in Sweden. Methods: We retrieved all patients with variant forms of PBC in six university hospitals in Sweden, covering 60% of the Swedish population. The diagnosis of PBC and its variants was based on laboratory findings and compatible histological features. The revised autoimmune hepatitis scoring system proposed by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group was used to establish the diagnosis of AIH. Results: In a population of 800 patients with PBC, we identified 35 (5%) variant forms; 25 patients with AIH-PBC overlap, 8 with AIC and 2 with AMA-negative PBC at the time of our study. The initial diagnoses were PBC (3 patients), AIH (3), AIH-PBC overlap (16), AIC (8) and AMA-negative PBC with (1) or without (4) concomitant AIH. The median follow-up was 125 (41-360) months. Immunosuppression and ursodeoxycholic acid induced a complete or good regression of increased aminotransferases in about half of the patients who were given one or both of these treatments. Conclusions: Variant forms of PBC are seen in approximately 5% of PBC patients in Sweden. Transition between different forms may occur, emphasizing the value of repeat biopsies, but established overlapping AIH-PBC seems to be stable over time.
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| 37. |
- Moe-Nilssen, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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Criteria for evaluation of measurement properties of clinical balance measures for use in fall prevention studies
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 1356-1294 .- 1365-2753. ; 14:2, s. 236-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Work Package 3 of the Prevention of Falls Network Europe has evaluated measurement properties of clinical balance measures to be used to: (1) select participants for interventions with the goal to prevent falls in older people, and (2) assess the results of such intervention on balance function.Inclusion in a fall prevention study may be based on measures identifying subjects who have impaired balance or increased risk of future falls. We propose that an appropriate statistical method to analyse discriminative ability of a balance measure is discriminant analysis or logistic regression analysis. The optimal cut‐off score is best determined by plotting a receiver‐operating‐characteristic curve for different cut‐off values. The evaluation of predictors for risk of future falls should be based on a study design with a prospective data collection of falls.Sensitivity to change is a measurement property needed to evaluate the outcome of an intervention. The standardized response mean is frequently encountered in the literature and is recommended as a statistical measure of sensitivity to change in the context of an intervention study.Adequate reliability is a prerequisite for consistent measurement. Relative reliability may be reported as an intraclass correlation coefficient and absolute reliability as the within‐subject standard deviation (sw), also called standard error of measurement. When measurement error is proportional to the score, calculation of a coefficient of variation can be considered.In a second paper, the authors will evaluate clinical balance measures for use in fall prevention studies based upon criteria recommended in this report.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Nyblom, Helena, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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The AST/ALT ratio as an indicator of cirrhosis in patients with PBC.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver. - : Wiley. - 1478-3223 .- 1478-3231. ; 26:7, s. 840-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: A non-invasive, simple and non-expensive test to predict cirrhosis would be highly desirable. The aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio has been proven to be such an indicator of cirrhosis in alcoholic liver disease, hepatitis C. AIM: To test whether the AST/ALT ratio is a marker of cirrhosis also in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). METHODS: The study consisted of 160 patients. In 126 patients, we had clinical and laboratory data at the time of diagnosis and follow-up with outcome: liver-related death, liver transplantation and survival. In 121 patients, we had laboratory data and liver histology. RESULTS: We found that the AST/ALT ratio was significantly higher in cirrhotic patients than in non-cirrhotic patients. A high AST/ALT ratio was significantly associated with esophageal varices and ascites. In a multivariate analysis, bilirubin and ALP were predictors of poor prognosis. CONCLUSION: The AST/ALT ratio seems to be of clinical value as a hint to the diagnosis of cirrhosis in patients with PBC but not as a prognostic factor.
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| 40. |
- Ohlsson, Bodil, et al.
(författare)
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Oesophageal dysmotility, delayed gastric emptying and autonomic neuropathy correlate to disturbed glucose homeostasis.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0428 .- 0012-186X. ; 49:2006 Jul 11, s. 2010-2014
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis Among diabetic patients, glucose homeostasis may be affected by abnormal gastrointestinal motility and autonomic neuropathy. This study analysed whether oesophageal dysmotility, delayed gastric emptying or autonomic neuropathy affect glucose homeostasis. Materials and methods Oesophageal manometry and gastric emptying scintigraphy were performed in 20 diabetic patients. Heart-rate variation during deep breathing (expiration/inspiration [E/I] ratio) and continuous subcutaneous glucose concentrations for a period of 72 h were also monitored in the same patients. Results Oesophageal dysmotility was found in eight of 14 patients. Eleven of 20 patients had delayed gastric emptying (abnormal gastric emptying half-time [T (50)]) and nine of 18 had an abnormal E/I ratio. Complaints of abdominal fullness were predictive of delayed gastric emptying. A low peristaltic speed of the oesophagus was associated with impaired T (50) (r (s) =-0.67; p=0.02). One hour after breakfast, subcutaneous glucose levels decreased in patients with delayed gastric emptying but continued to rise in those with normal emptying. Consequently, the median glucose level 2.5 h after breakfast was lower in the former (9.1 [4.2-12.5] vs 14.3 [11.2-17.7] mmol/l; p < 0.05). Glucose fluctuations during the 72 h were significantly higher in patients with an abnormal E/I ratio than in those with a normal E/I ratio (coefficient of variation: 41 [46-49] vs 28 [27-34]%; p=0.008). Conclusions/interpretation Abdominal fullness predicted delayed gastric emptying that was associated with diminished glucose uptake after breakfast. Low oesophageal peristaltic speed was associated with slow gastric emptying whereas parasympathetic neuropathy was associated with increased glucose variations.
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