| 1. |
- Escott-Price, Valentina, et al.
(författare)
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Gene-Wide Analysis Detects Two New Susceptibility Genes for Alzheimer's Disease
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:6, s. e94661-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Alzheimer's disease is a common debilitating dementia with known heritability, for which 20 late onset susceptibility loci have been identified, but more remain to be discovered. This study sought to identify new susceptibility genes, using an alternative gene-wide analytical approach which tests for patterns of association within genes, in the powerful genome-wide association dataset of the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project Consortium, comprising over 7 m genotypes from 25,580 Alzheimer's cases and 48,466 controls. Principal Findings: In addition to earlier reported genes, we detected genome-wide significant loci on chromosomes 8 (TP53INP1, p = 1.4x10(-6)) and 14 (IGHV1-67 p = 7.9x10(-8)) which indexed novel susceptibility loci. Significance: The additional genes identified in this study, have an array of functions previously implicated in Alzheimer's disease, including aspects of energy metabolism, protein degradation and the immune system and add further weight to these pathways as potential therapeutic targets in Alzheimer's disease.
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| 2. |
- Götberg, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal timing of hypothermia in relation to myocardial reperfusion.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Basic Research in Cardiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-1803 .- 0300-8428. ; 106, s. 697-708
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two previous clinical trials investigating hypothermia as an adjunct therapy for myocardial infarction have failed. Recently a pilot study has demonstrated a significant reduction in infarct size. The aims of this study were to elucidate the effects of hypothermia on reperfusion injury and to investigate the optimal hypothermia protocol for a future clinical trial. Pigs (40-50 kg) were anesthetized and a normal pig temperature of 38°C was established utilizing an endovascular temperature modulating catheter. The pigs were randomized to a combination hypothermia group (1,000 ml of 4°C saline solution and endovascular cooling, n = 8), or to normothermic controls (n = 8). A PCI balloon was then inflated in the LAD for 40 min (control) or 45 min with hypothermia induced during the last 5 min. Furthermore, hypothermia induced by cold saline alone (n = 8), and prolonged combination hypothermia during reperfusion (n = 7) were also examined. Infarct size and area at risk were determined ex vivo after 4 h of reperfusion using gadolinium-enhanced MRI and Tc-99-tetrofosmin SPECT, respectively. All pigs in the combination hypothermia group were cooled to <35°C within 5 min. Combination hypothermia reduced IS/AAR by 18% compared with normothermic controls despite 5 min longer ischemic time (61 ± 5 vs. 74 ± 4%, p = 0.03). Cold saline did not reduce IS/AAR. Prolonging hypothermia treatment after onset of reperfusion by an additional 45 min over that used in a previous paper did not confer any additional benefit. The cardioprotective effects of hypothermia treatment are due to an attenuation of myocardial injury during both ischemia and reperfusion. The results suggest that a hypothermia protocol using a cold saline infusion and endovascular cooling enables hypothermia to be induced in a clinical setting without delaying reperfusion therapy.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Kjellström, Tord, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping Occupational Heat Exposure and Effects in South-East Asia : Ongoing Time Trends 1980-2011 and Future Estimates to 2050
- 2013
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Ingår i: Industrial Health. - : National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health, Japan. - 0019-8366 .- 1880-8026. ; 51:1, s. 56-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A feature of climate impacts on occupational health and safety are physiological limits to carrying out physical work at high heat exposure. Heat stress reduces a workers work capacity, leading to lower hourly labour productivity and economic output. We used existing weather station data and climate modeling grid cell data to describe heat conditions (calculated as Wet Bulb Globe Temperature, WBGT) in South-East Asia. During the hottest month in this region (March) afternoon WBGT levels are already high enough to cause major loss of hourly work capacity and by 2050 the situation will be extreme for many outdoor jobs.
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| 5. |
- Mueller, D., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of optical and microphysical properties of pure Saharan mineral dust observed with AERONET Sun photometer, Raman lidar, and in situ instruments during SAMUM 2006
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 117, s. D07211-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment (SAMUM) 2006, Morocco, aimed at the characterization of optical, physical, and radiative properties of Saharan dust. AERONET Sun photometer, several lidars (Raman and high-spectral-resolution instruments), and airborne and ground-based in situ instruments provided us with a comprehensive set of data on particle-shape dependent and particle-shape independent dust properties. We compare 4 measurement days in detail, and we carry out a statistical analysis for some of the inferred data products for the complete measurement period. Particle size distributions and complex refractive indices inferred from the Sun photometer observations and measured in situ aboard a research aircraft show systematic differences. We find differences in the wavelength-dependence of single-scattering albedo, compared to light-scattering computations that use data from SOAP (spectral optical absorption photometer). AERONET data products of particle size distribution, complex refractive index, and axis ratios were used to compute particle extinction-to-backscatter (lidar) ratios and linear particle depolarization ratios. We find differences for these parameters to lidar measurements of lidar ratio and particle depolarization ratio. Differences particularly exist at 355 nm, which may be the result of differences of the wavelength-dependent complex refractive index that is inferred by the methods employed in this field campaign. We discuss various error sources that may lead to the observed differences.
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| 6. |
- Stiegler, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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An Undercooled Scree Slope Detected by Geophysical Investigations in Sporadic Permafrost below 1000 M ASL, Central Austria
- 2014
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Ingår i: Permafrost and Periglacial Processes. - : Wiley. - 1099-1530 .- 1045-6740. ; 25:3, s. 194-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multi-method geophysical investigations, accompanied by microclimatic measurements and vegetation mapping, were performed at an undercooled scree slope near Schladming (Austria) in the eastern Alps in order to detect, map and monitor mountain permafrost. The study site, at an elevation of 990m asl, is one of the lowest-lying examples of a cold, undercooled scree slope in the Alps. Geophysical measurements with electrical resistivity tomography, ground-penetrating radar and seismic refraction indicate the presence of several isolated areas of frozen ground over a full year, far below the regional lower limit of mountain permafrost. Frozen sediments identified at shallow depths (beneath 1-3m) were 5-20m thick and ice-rich. Near-surface temperatures at the foot of the scree slope were strongly influenced by pronounced cooling. Vegetation mapping showed a dominance of cryophilic plant species. The results suggest that the scree slope is strongly influenced by the interplay of vegetation cover, ground thermal regime and the distribution of frozen sediments. Copyright (C) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 7. |
- vanderPals, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Apyrase treatment of myocardial infarction according to a clinically applicable protocol fails to reduce myocardial injury in a porcine model
- 2010
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Ingår i: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2261. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Ectonucleotidase dependent adenosine generation has been implicated in preconditioning related cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury, and treatment with a soluble ectonucleotidase has been shown to reduce myocardial infarct size (IS) when applied prior to induction of ischemia. However, ectonucleotidase treatment according to a clinically applicable protocol, with administration only after induction of ischemia, has not previously been evaluated. We therefore investigated if treatment with the ectonucleotidase apyrase, according to a clinically applicable protocol, would reduce IS and microvascular obstruction (MO) in a large animal model. Methods: A percutaneous coronary intervention balloon was inflated in the left anterior descending artery for 40 min, in 16 anesthetized pigs (40-50 kg). The pigs were randomized to 40 min of 1 ml/min intracoronary infusion of apyrase (10 U/ml, n = 8) or saline (0.9 mg/ml, n = 8), twenty minutes after balloon inflation. Area at risk (AAR) was evaluated by ex vivo SPECT. IS and MO were evaluated by ex vivo MRI. Results: No differences were observed between the apyrase group and saline group with respect to IS/AAR (75.7 +/- 4.2% vs 69.4 +/- 5.0%, p = NS) or MO (10.7 +/- 4.8% vs 11.4 +/- 4.8%, p = NS), but apyrase prolonged the post-ischemic reactive hyperemia. Conclusion: Apyrase treatment according to a clinically applicable protocol, with administration of apyrase after induction of ischemia, does not reduce myocardial infarct size or microvascular obstruction.
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