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Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Pagels Joakim) srt2:(2000-2004)"

Sökning: WFRF:(Pagels Joakim) > (2000-2004)

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  • Gäfvert, Torbjörn, et al. (författare)
  • Thorium exposure during tungsten inert gas welding with thoriated tungsten electrodes
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Radiation Protection Dosimetry. - 1742-3406. ; 103:4, s. 349-357
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The exposure to Th-232 from TIG welding with thoriated electrodes has been determined at five different workshops. Welding with both alternating and direct current was investigated. The exposure levels of Th-232 were generally below 10 mBq m(-3) in the breathing zone of the welders. Two samples from AC welding showed significant higher exposure levels, probably due to maladjustment of the TIG welding power source. Samples of the respirable fraction of Th-232 from grinding thoriated electrodes were also collected showing exposure levels of 5 mBq m(-3) or lower. A dose estimate has been made for two scenarios, one realistic and one with conservative assumptions, showing that the annual committed effective dose from inhalation of Th-232, Th-230, Th-228 and Ra-228, for a full-time TIG welder, in the realistic case is below 0.3 mSv and with conservative assumptions around 1 mSv or lower. The contribution from grinding electrodes was lower, 10 muSv or lower in the realistic case and 63 muSv or lower based on conservative assumptions. The study does not exclude occurrence of higher exposure levels under welding conditions different from those prevailing in this study.
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  • Lillieblad, Lena, et al. (författare)
  • Boiler operation influence on the emissions of submicrometer-sized particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from biomass-fired grate boilers
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Energy & Fuels. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0887-0624 .- 1520-5029. ; 18:2, s. 410-417
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The emissions of particles, and gaseous compounds, into the ambient air from biomass-fired moving grate boilers were characterized under different boiler operation conditions. The boilers had a thermal capacity of similar to1 MW. The flue gas cleaning systems consisted of multicyclones for the removal of coarse particles. Dry wood fuel that consisted of shavings, wood chips, and sawdust from a local wood industry and wood pellets were fired at two plants. The influence of boiler load on the emissions was characterized. An electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI) was used to determine the particle number concentration with high time resolution. A low-pressure cascade impactor (LPI) was utilized for the mass size distribution and the size-differentiated chemical composition. Elemental analysis of the fly ash collected on impactor substrates was made by particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis. The concentration of elemental carbon under different load conditions was also measured. In addition, emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the boiler that was operating on dry wood fuel were compared with PAH emissions from two different biomass-fired boilers (one was operating on forest residues and the other on pellets). The boiler load had little influence on the particle mass concentration of submicrometer-sized particles, which was in the range of 50-75 mg/m(3) (0 degreesC, 101.3 kPa, dry gas, 13% CO2). The total particle number concentration increased and the particle size decreased as the boiler load increased. The elemental analysis revealed that potassium and sulfur were the dominating components in the submicrometer size range, whereas potassium and calcium were major components in the coarse fraction. The PAH emissions between the three boilers varied by almost 3 orders of magnitude.
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  • Nerbrink, OL, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of humidity on constant output and breath enhanced nebulizer designs when tested in the EN 13544-1 EC standard
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Aerosol Science and Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1521-7388 .- 0278-6826. ; 37:3, s. 282-292
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aqueous aerosols produced by nebulizers used in clinical situations can rapidly change size as the patient inhales. This is caused by air with a relative humidity (RH) lower than inside the nebulizer being entrained and mixed with nebulized aerosol during the inhalation maneuver. A way to assess the change in size is to measure the aerosol in a test method that reflects the clinical situation. The EC standard, EN 13544-1, offers a first step towards this assessment. In this paper we have tested two nebulizer designs, one conventional constant output nebulizer and one breath-enhanced nebulizer, using the proposed standard in order to assess the effect of the relative humidity of entrained ambient air on nebulized aerosol size properties. The results indicate that aerosol size from the conventional nebulizer is greatly affected by the RH of the entrained air, while the breath-enhanced nebulizer is not affected. The results agree with theoretical expectations of how the entrained air interacts with nebulized aerosol. In the breath-enhanced nebulizer, the air is passed through the nebulizer interior and becomes saturated with moisture drawn from the relatively large nebulizer reservoir solution. With the conventional constant output nebulizer, ambient air is drawn over the nebulizer and draws its moisture from the relatively small volume of nebulized aerosol released from the nebulizer. For the conventional nebulizer design, we found a large decrease in measured nebulized aerosol size with decreasing relative humidity-3.1 mum MMAD at 75% RH fell to 1.9 mum MMAD at 20% RH. For the breath-enhanced nebulizer design, the MMAD was stable between a similar humidity range. The results indicate that aerosol size is dependent on relative humidity of the entrained air for the constant output jet nebulizer design that has no air entrainment through the nebulizer. We found no significant effect of ambient humidity of entrained air on nebulized aerosol size from the breath-enhanced nebulizer design.
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