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Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Pagels Joakim) srt2:(2015-2017)"

Sökning: WFRF:(Pagels Joakim) > (2015-2017)

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1.
  • Bilde, M., et al. (författare)
  • Saturation Vapor Pressures and Transition Enthalpies of Low-Volatility Organic Molecules of Atmospheric Relevance: From Dicarboxylic Acids to Complex Mixtures
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Chemical Reviews. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0009-2665 .- 1520-6890. ; 115:10, s. 4115-4156
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There are a number of techniques that can be used that differ in terms of whether they fundamentally probe the equilibrium and the temperature range over which they can be applied. The series of homologous, straight-chain dicarboxylic acids have received much attention over the past decade given their atmospheric relevance, commercial availability, and low saturation vapor pressures, thus making them ideal test compounds. Uncertainties in the solid-state saturation vapor pressures obtained from individual methodologies are typically on the order of 50-100%, but the differences between saturation vapor pressures obtained with different methods are approximately 1-4 orders of magnitude, with the spread tending to increase as the saturation vapor pressure decreases. Some of the dicarboxylic acids can exist with multiple solid-state structures that have distinct saturation vapor pressures. Furthermore, the samples on which measurements are performed may actually exist as amorphous subcooled liquids rather than solid crystalline compounds, again with consequences for the measured saturation vapor pressures, since the subcooled liquid phase will have a higher saturation vapor pressure than the crystalline solid phase. Compounds with equilibrium vapor pressures in this range will exhibit the greatest sensitivities in terms of their gas to particle partitioning to uncertainties in their saturation vapor pressures, with consequent impacts on the ability of explicit and semiexplicit chemical models to simulate secondary organic aerosol formation.
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2.
  • Dierschke, Katrin, et al. (författare)
  • Acute respiratory effects and biomarkers of inflammation due to welding-derived nanoparticle aggregates
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 90:5, s. 451-463
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Welders are exposed to airborne particles from the welding environment and often develop symptoms work-related from the airways. A large fraction of the particles from welding are in the nano-size range. In this study we investigate if the welders' airways are affected by exposure to particles derived from gas metal arc welding in mild steel in levels corresponding to a normal welding day. In an exposure chamber, 11 welders with and 10 welders without work-related symptoms from the lower airways and 11 non-welders without symptoms, were exposed to welding fumes (1 mg/m(3)) and to filtered air, respectively, in a double-blind manner. Symptoms from eyes and upper and lower airways and lung function were registered. Blood and nasal lavage (NL) were sampled before, immediately after and the morning after exposure for analysis of markers of oxidative stress. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) for analysis of leukotriene B4 (LT-B4) was sampled before, during and immediately after exposure. No adverse effects of welding exposure were found regarding symptoms and lung function. However, EBC LT-B4 decreased significantly in all participants after welding exposure compared to filtered air. NL IL-6 increased immediately after exposure in the two non-symptomatic groups and blood neutrophils tended to increase in the symptomatic welder group. The morning after, neutrophils and serum IL-8 had decreased in all three groups after welding exposure. Remarkably, the symptomatic welder group had a tenfold higher level of EBC LT-B4 compared to the two groups without symptoms. Despite no clinical adverse effects at welding, changes in inflammatory markers may indicate subclinical effects even at exposure below the present Swedish threshold limit (8 h TWA respirable dust).
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3.
  • Eriksson, Axel, et al. (författare)
  • Diesel soot aging in urban plumes within hours under cold dark and humid conditions
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Fresh and aged diesel soot particles have different impacts on climate and human health. While fresh diesel soot particles are highly aspherical and non-hygroscopic, aged particles are spherical and hygroscopic. Aging and its effect on water uptake also controls the dispersion of diesel soot in the atmosphere. Understanding the timescales on which diesel soot ages in the atmosphere is thus important, yet knowledge thereof is lacking. We show that under cold, dark and humid conditions the atmospheric transformation from fresh to aged soot occurs on a timescale of less than five hours. Under dry conditions in the laboratory, diesel soot transformation is much less efficient. While photochemistry drives soot aging, our data show it is not always a limiting factor. Field observations together with aerosol process model simulations show that the rapid ambient diesel soot aging in urban plumes is caused by coupled ammonium nitrate formation and water uptake.
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4.
  • Gallo, Yann, et al. (författare)
  • Investigation of Late-Cycle Soot Oxidation Using Laser Extinction and In-Cylinder Gas Sampling at Varying Inlet Oxygen Concentrations in Diesel Engines
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Fuel. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7153 .- 0016-2361. ; 193, s. 308-314
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study focuses on the relative importance of O2 and OH as oxidizers of soot during the late cycle in diesel engines, where the soot oxidation is characterized in an optically accessible engine using laser extinction measurements. These are combined with in cylinder gas sampling data from a single cylinder engine fitted with a fast gas sampling valve. Both measurements confirm that the in-cylinder soot oxidation slows down when the inlet concentration of O2 is reduced. A 38% decrease in intake O2 concentration reduces the soot oxidation rate by 83%, a non-linearity suggesting that O2 in itself is not the main soot oxidizing species. Chemical kinetics simulations of OH concentrations in the oxidation zone and estimates of the OH soot oxidation rates point towards OH being the dominant oxidizer.
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  • Levin, M., et al. (författare)
  • Limitations in the Use of Unipolar Charging for Electrical Mobility Sizing Instruments: A Study of the Fast Mobility Particle Sizer
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Aerosol Science and Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1521-7388 .- 0278-6826. ; 49:8, s. 556-565
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A comparison between three different types of particle sizing instruments (fast mobility particle sizer, FMPS; electrical low pressure impactor, ELPI; and scanning mobility particle sizer, SMPS) and one condensation particle counter (CPC) was made to compare instrument response in terms of size distributions and number concentration. Spherical oil droplets in 39 different sizes, with geometric mean diameter (GMD) ranging from 50nm to 820nm, were used as test particles. Furthermore, a characterization of the FMPS unipolar charger behavior was made to analyze the measured size distributions and number concentrations. The results show that all three sizing-instruments agree well for particle sizes below 200nm, both in terms of size and number concentration, but the FMPS deviates clearly when particle sizes exceed 200nm. Above this, the FMPS underestimates the particle size throughout the remainder of the size range, with an apparent upper limit for GMD of 300nm. It also estimates a higher particle number concentration as compared to the other instruments. Analysis of the 22 FMPS electrometer currents and calculation of average number of charges per particle show a diameter dependence of response of [GRAPHICS] for the FMPS unipolar charger. The resulting calculated electrical mobility showed a minimum in mobility for spherical particles at 577nm, which indicates an interfering range of particles above the measurement range, but below the cut-off of the inlet pre-separator (1 mu m). The study concludes that particle distributions with a true GMD above 200nm cannot be measured reliably with the FMPS.
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