| 1. |
- Bränn, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Inflammatory markers in women with postpartum depressive symptoms
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroscience Research. - : Wiley. - 0360-4012 .- 1097-4547. ; 98:7, s. 1309-1321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Postpartum depression (PPD) is a devastating disorder affecting not only more than 10% of all women giving birth, but also the baby, the family, and the society. Compiling evidence suggests the involvement of the immune system in the pathophysiology of major depression; yet, the immune response in perinatal depression is not as well studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the alterations in peripheral levels of inflammatory biomarkers in 169 Swedish women with and without depressive symptoms according to the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale or the M.I.N.I neuropsychiatric interview at eight weeks postpartum. Among the 70 markers analyzed with multiplex proximity extension assay, five were significantly elevated in women with postpartum depressive symptoms in the adjusted LASSO logistic regression analysis: Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member (TRANCE) (OR-per 1 SD increase = 1.20), Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (OR = 1.17) Interleukin (IL)-18 (OR = 1.06), Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) (OR = 1.25), and C-X-C motif chemokine 1 (CXCL1) (OR 1.11). These results indicate that women with PPD have elevated levels of some inflammatory biomarkers. It is, therefore, plausible that PPD is associated with a compromised adaptability of the immune system.
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| 2. |
- Iliadis, Stavros I., 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric properties and concurrent validity of the Transgender Congruence Scale (TCS) in the Swedish setting
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Transgender Congruence Scale (TCS) is a non-binary tool used in Sweden for gender dysphoria (GD) assessment; however, its Swedish version has not been validated. To investigate the psychometric properties of the TCS, its capacity to distinguish individuals with GD and its concurrent validity compared to other scales. Patients with GD (n=135) and controls (n=443) filled in a questionnaire containing sociodemographic questions, the TCS, the Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale (UGDS), and the Gender Identity/Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire for Adolescents and Adults (GIDYQ-AA). TCS had good discriminatory validity and internal consistency. Patients with GD, stratified by birth-assigned sex, had lower TCS scores compared to controls. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the two-factor model of the TCS. Multiple-group CFA suggested measurement invariance between birth-assigned sexes and configural invariance between patients with GD and controls. Area under the ROC curve for birth-assigned males was 0.991 and for females 0.994. A TCS mean value of three provided sensitivity 94.3% and 95.1% as well as specificity 98.6% and 98% for aM and aF, respectively. The TCS was significantly correlated to UGDS and GIDYQ-AA. The TCS may be a valuable tool in the clinical assessment of individuals with GD.
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| 3. |
- Karalexi, Maria A., et al.
(författare)
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Gender-affirming hormone treatment and cognitive function in transgender young adults : a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 119
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous studies have examined whether steroid hormone treatment in transgender individuals may affect cognitive function; yet, their limited power does not allow firm conclusions to be drawn. We leveraged data from to-date literature aiming to explore the effect of gender-affirming hormone administration on cognitive function in transgender individuals.Methods: A search strategy of MEDLINE was developed (through June 1, 2019) using the key terms transgender, hormone therapy and cognitive function. Eligible were (i) cohort studies examining the longitudinal effect of hormone therapy on cognition, and (ii) cross-sectional studies comparing the cognitive function between treated and non-treated individuals. Standardized mean differences (Hedges' g) were pooled using random-effects models. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Outcomes: Ten studies (seven cohort and three cross-sectional) were eligible representing 234 birth-assigned males (aM) and 150 birth-assigned females (aF). The synthesis of cohort studies (n = 5) for visuospatial ability following hormone treatment showed a statistically significant enhancement among aF (g = 0.55, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.29, 0.82) and an improvement with a trend towards statistical significance among aM (g = 0.28, 95%CI: -0.01, 0.58). By contrast, no adverse effects of hormone administration were shown. No heterogeneity was evident in most meta-analyses.Interpretation: Current evidence does not support an adverse impact of hormone therapy on cognitive function, whereas a statistically significant enhancing effect on visuospatial ability was shown in aF. New longitudinal studies with longer follow-up should explore the long-term effects of hormone therapy, especially the effects on younger individuals, where there is greater scarcity of data.
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| 4. |
- Tillman, Karin K.
(författare)
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Craniofacial malformations and psychiatric disorders from a neurodevelopmental perspective
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Orofacial clefts (OFC) and craniosynostosis (CS) are the two most common craniofacial malformations. Of note, craniofacial abnormalities share some overlapping risk factors with psychiatric disorders. Thus, this thesis aimed to study psychiatric and educational outcomes in this group.In study I and III we examined psychiatric outcomes among children with nonsyndromic OFC stratified on cleft lip (CL), cleft lip and palate (CLP), cleft palate only (CPO), unilateral and bilateral CL and CLP. In study II we studied associations between nonsyndromic CS (NSCS) and psychiatric disorders. Study IV assessed national standardised tests in Swedish and mathematics, school grades and university degrees in children with CL, CLP and CPO. Children with craniofacial malformations were identified through the Swedish National Patient Register and compared to a cohort from the general population that was matched for month and year of birth, sex and county of birth. In addition, children with craniofacial malformations were compared to their unaffected siblings.Individuals with OFC presented risk increases for intellectual disability, language disorders, psychosis, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and behavioural disorders in childhood. CPO showed the most robust associations, followed in descending order by CLP and CL. Nonaffected siblings had a lower risk of psychiatric disorders. Females generally had higher risks for psychiatric comorbidity (Study I).Children with bilateral clefts had higher risk increases for psychiatric disorders compared to children with unilateral clefts. We also found that females with bilateral CLP showed higher risks for intellectual disability and neurodevelopmental disorders compared to males with bilateral CLP (Study III).Risk increases for any psychiatric disorder including intellectual disability, language disorders, other neurodevelopmental disorders and other psychiatric disorders, were seen in individuals with NSCS. In the crude analyses full siblings with NSCS, as compared to nonaffected siblings, were more likely to be diagnosed with any psychiatric disorder, intellectual disability, language disorders and other neurodevelopmental disorders. The higher risk for any psychiatric disorder and intellectual disability remained after adjusting for confounders. Females displayed borderline higher risk increases than males (Study II).Finally, children with OFC had lower school performance almost throughout the educational years, especially in mathematics. Lower academic achievement was most evident in children with OFC without a concurrent psychiatric disorder. In the ninth school year and upper secondary school female academic outcomes were more negatively affected than male academic outcomes (Study IV).In summary, craniofacial malformations were associated with increased risks for multiple psychiatric disorders and lower academic achievement.
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| 5. |
- Tillman, Karin K., et al.
(författare)
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Nonsyndromic craniosynostosis is associated with increased risk for psychiatric disorders
- 2020
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Ingår i: Plastic and reconstructive surgery (1963). - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0032-1052 .- 1529-4242. ; 146:2, s. 355-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Craniosynostosis is one of the most common craniofacial malformations demanding surgical treatment in infancy. Data on overall psychiatric morbidity among children with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis remain limited. This study investigated the risk of psychiatric disorders in nonsyndromic craniosynostosis.METHODS: The authors reviewed a register-based cohort of all individuals born with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis in Sweden between 1973 to 1986 and 1997 to 2012 (n = 1238). The nonsyndromic craniosynostosis cohort was compared with a matched community cohort (n = 12,380) and with unaffected full siblings (n = 1485). The authors investigated the risk of psychiatric disorders, suicide attempts, and suicides by using Cox regression adjusted for perinatal and somatic factors, season and birth year, sex, parental socioeconomic factors, and parental psychiatric disorders.RESULTS: Children with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis had a higher risk of any psychiatric disorder (adjusted Cox-derived hazard ratio, 1.70; 95 percent CI, 1.43 to 2.02), including intellectual disability (adjusted Cox-derived hazard ratio, 4.96; 95 percent CI, 3.20 to 7.70), language disorders (adjusted Cox-derived hazard ratio, 2.36; 95 percent CI, 1.57 to 3.54), neurodevelopmental disorders (adjusted Cox-derived hazard ratio, 1.30; 95 percent CI, 1.01 to 1.69), and other psychiatric disorders (adjusted Cox-derived hazard ratio, 1.43; 95 percent CI, 1.11 to 1.85). Full siblings with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis were more likely, in the crude analyses, to be diagnosed with any psychiatric disorder, including intellectual disability, language disorders, and neurodevelopmental disorders compared with nonaffected siblings. The higher risk for any psychiatric disorder and intellectual disability remained after adjusting for confounders.CONCLUSIONS: Children with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis demonstrated higher risks of any psychiatric disorder compared with children without nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. This risk cannot fully be explained by familial influences (i.e., genetic or environmental factors).CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Risk, III.
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