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- Pedersen, T.R., et al.
(författare)
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Follow-up study of patients randomized in The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) of cholesterol lowering
- 2000
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Ingår i: American Journal of Cardiology. - 0002-9149 .- 1879-1913. ; 86:3, s. 257-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) and other randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that cholesterol-lowering treatment with statins improves prognosis in patients with coronary atherosclerosis compared with placebo. The effect of therapy with statins beyond the typical 5 to 6 years' duration of the trials, in particular regarding the risk of cancer, has not been investigated. This study examines the long-term effects of simvastatin for up to 8 years on cause-specific mortality in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). We performed an observational, government registry-based study of mortality in the groups originally randomized to simvastatin or placebo in the 4S over an additional 2-year follow-up period, so that the median total follow-up period was 7.4 years (range 6.9 to 8.3 in surviving patients). Randomization took place at outpatient clinics at 94 clinical centers in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden from 1988 to 1989. Of 4,444 patients with CHD, 2,223 and 2,221 were randomized to treatment with placebo or simvastatin therapy, respectively. Patients received treatment with simvastatin, starting at 20 mg/day, with titration to 40 mg/day at 12 or 24 weeks if total cholesterol was >5.2 mmol/L (200 mg/dl), or placebo. After the double-blind period, most patients in both treatment groups received simvastatin as open-label prescription. Of the 1,967 patients originally treated with placebo and surviving the double-blind period, 97 (4.9%) died during the following 2 years. In the group randomized to simvastatin the corresponding number was 74 of the 2,039 survivors (3.6%). Adding these deaths to those occurring during the original trial, the total was 353 (15.9%) and 256 (11.5%) deaths in the groups originally randomized to placebo and simvastatin, respectively. The relative risk was 0.70 (95% confidence interval 0.60 to 0.82, p = 0.00002). The total number of cancer deaths was 68 (3.1%) in the placebo group and 52 (2.3%) in the simvastatin group (relative risk 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.51 to 0.05, p = 0.087), and the numbers of noncardiovascular and other deaths were similar in both groups. We therefore conclude that treatment with simvastatin for up to 8 years in patients with CHD is safe and yields continued survival benefit. Copyright (C) 2000 Excerpta Medica Inc.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Becher, J, et al.
(författare)
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Tetrathiafulvaleno-Annelated Porphyrins
- 2001
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English). - 1521-3773. ; 40:13, s. 2497-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Gustafsson, Georg, et al.
(författare)
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First results of electric field and density observations by Cluster EFW based on initial months of operation
- 2001
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Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 19:12-okt, s. 1219-1240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Highlights are presented from studies of the electric field data from various regions along the CLUSTER orbit. They all point towards a very high coherence for phenomena recorded on four spacecraft that are separated by a few hundred kilometers for structures over the whole range of apparent frequencies from I mHz to 9 kHz. This presents completely new opportunities to study spatial-temporal plasma phenomena from the magnetosphere out to the solar wind. A new probe environment was constructed for the CLUSTER electric field experiment that now produces data of unprecedented quality. Determination of plasma flow in the solar wind is an example of the capability of the instrument.
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| 10. |
- Li, W X, et al.
(författare)
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Oxidation of Pt(110)
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 93:14, s. 146104-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using scanning tunneling microscopy and temperature programed desorption we investigate the Pt(110) surface under strongly oxidizing conditions involving either high-pressure O-2 or atomic oxygen exposure. At low temperatures, only disordered Pt oxide structures are observed. After annealing ordered surface oxide islands are observed to coexist with a highly stable reconstructed (12x2)-O chemisorption structure. From density functional theory calculations a model for the surface oxide phase is revealed. The phase is found to be metastable, and its presence is explained in terms of stabilizing defects in the chemisorption layer and reduced Pt mobility.
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