| 1. |
- Beral, V, et al.
(författare)
-
Alcohol, tobacco and breast cancer - collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 53 epidemiological studies, including 58515 women with breast cancer and 95067 women without the disease
- 2002
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1532-1827 .- 0007-0920. ; 87, s. 1234-45
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alcohol and tobacco consumption are closely correlated and published results on their association with breast cancer have not always allowed adequately for confounding between these exposures. Over 80% of the relevant information worldwide on alcohol and tobacco consumption and breast cancer were collated, checked and analysed centrally. Analyses included 58515 women with invasive breast cancer and 95067 controls from 53 studies. Relative risks of breast cancer were estimated, after stratifying by study, age, parity and, where appropriate, women's age when their first child was born and consumption of alcohol and tobacco. The average consumption of alcohol reported by controls from developed countries was 6.0 g per day, i.e. about half a unit/drink of alcohol per day, and was greater in ever-smokers than never-smokers, (8.4 g per day and 5.0 g per day, respectively). Compared with women who reported drinking no alcohol, the relative risk of breast cancer was 1.32 (1.19 - 1.45, P < 0.00001) for an intake of 35 - 44 g per day alcohol, and 1.46 (1.33 - 1.61, P < 0.00001) for greater than or equal to 45 g per day alcohol. The relative risk of breast cancer increased by 7.1% (95% CI 5.5-8.7%; P<0.00001) for each additional 10 g per day intake of alcohol, i.e. for each extra unit or drink of alcohol consumed on a daily basis. This increase was the same in ever-smokers and never-smokers (7.1 % per 10 g per day, P < 0.00001, in each group). By contrast, the relationship between smoking and breast cancer was substantially confounded by the effect of alcohol. When analyses were restricted to 22 255 women with breast cancer and 40 832 controls who reported drinking no alcohol, smoking was not associated with breast cancer (compared to never-smokers, relative risk for ever-smokers= 1.03, 95% CI 0.98 - 1.07, and for current smokers=0.99, 0.92 - 1.05). The results for alcohol and for tobacco did not vary substantially across studies, study designs, or according to 15 personal characteristics of the women; nor were the findings materially confounded by any of these factors. If the observed relationship for alcohol is causal, these results suggest that about 4% of the breast cancers in developed countries are attributable to alcohol. In developing countries, where alcohol consumption among controls averaged only 0.4 g per day, alcohol would have a negligible effect on the incidence of breast cancer. In conclusion, smoking has little or no independent effect on the risk of developing breast cancer; the effect of alcohol on breast cancer needs to be interpreted in the context of its beneficial effects, in moderation, on cardiovascular disease and its harmful effects on cirrhosis and cancers of the mouth, larynx, oesophagus and liver. (C) 2002 Cancer Research UK.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
-
Highlights from the first year of Odin observations
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 402, s. L39-L46
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Key Odin operational and instrumental features and highlights from our sub-millimetre and millimetre wave observations of H2O, H218O, NH3, 15NH3 and O2 are presented, with some insights into accompanying Odin Letters in this A&A issue. We focus on new results where Odin's high angular resolution, high frequency resolution, large spectrometer bandwidths, high sensitivity or/and frequency tuning capability are crucial: H2O mapping of the Orion KL, W3, DR21, S140 regions, and four comets; H2O observations of Galactic Centre sources, of shock enhanced H2O towards the SNR IC443, and of the candidate infall source IRAS 16293-2422; H218O detections in Orion KL and in comet Ikeya-Zhang; sub-mm detections of NH3 in Orion KL (outflow, ambient cloud and bar) and ρ Oph, and very recently, of 15NH3 in~Orion KL. Simultaneous sensitive searches for the 119 GHz line of O2 have resulted in very low abundance limits, which are difficult to accomodate in chemical models. We also demonstrate, by means of a quantitative comparison of Orion KL H2O results, that the Odin and SWAS observational data sets are very consistently calibrated. Odin is a Swedish-led satellite project funded jointly by the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB), the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the National Technology Agency of Finland (Tekes), and the Centre National d'études Spatiales (CNES, France). The Swedish Space Corporation (SSC) has been the prime industrial contractor, and is also responsible for the satellite operation from its Odin Mission Control Centre at SSC in Solna and its Odin Control Centre at ESRANGE near Kiruna in northern Sweden. See also the SNSB Odin web page: http://www.snsb.se/eng_odin_intro.shtml
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Carlberg, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
-
Nanoimprint - a tool for realizing nano-bio research
- 2004
-
Ingår i: 2004 4th IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology. - 0780385365 ; , s. 199-200
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present a status report on how implementation of nanoimprint lithography has advanced our research. Contact guidance nerve growth experiments have so far primarily been done on micrometer-structured surfaces. We have made a stamp with 17 areas of different, submicron, line width and spacing covering a total 2.6 mm
|
|
| 7. |
- Huang, F, et al.
(författare)
-
Proteomics of Synechocystis sp strain PCC 6803 - Identification of plasma membrane proteins
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. - 1535-9476 .- 1535-9484. ; 1:12, s. 956-966
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cyanobacteria are unique prokaryotes since they in addition to outer and plasma membranes contain the photosynthetic membranes (thylakoids) The plasma membranes of Synechocystis 6803, which can be completely purified by density centrifugation and polymer two-phase partitioning, have been found to be more complex than previously anticipated, i. e they appear to be essential for assembly of the two photosystems. A proteomic approach for the characterization of cyanobacterial plasma membranes using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis revealed a total of 57 different membrane proteins of which 17 are integral membrane spanning proteins. Among the 40 peripheral proteins 20 are located on the periplasmic side of the membrane, while 20 are on the cytoplasmic side. Among the proteins identified are subunits of the two photosystems as well as Vipp1, which has been suggested to be involved in vesicular transport between plasma and thylakoid membranes and is thus relevant to the possibility that plasma membranes are the initial site for photosystem biogenesis. Four subunits of the Pilus complex responsible for cell motility were also identified as well as several subunits of the TolC and TonB transport systems. Several periplasmic and ATP-binding proteins of ATP-binding cassette transporters were also identified as were two subunits of the F-0 membrane part of the ATP synthase
|
|
| 8. |
- Jalilehvand, F., et al.
(författare)
-
New class of oligonuclear platinum-thallium compounds with a direct metal-metal bond. 5. Structure determination of heterodimetallic cyano complexes in aqueous solution by EXAFS and vibrational spectroscopy
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 40:16, s. 3889-3899
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structures of three closely related heterodimetallic cyano complexes, [(NC)(5)Pt-Tl(CN)(n)](n-) (n = 1-3), formed in reactions between [Pt-II(CN)(4)](2-) and Tl-III cyano complexes, have been studied in aqueous solution. Multinuclear NMR data ((TI)-T-205, Pt-195, and C-13) were used for identification and quantitative analysis. X-ray absorption spectra were recorded at the Pt and TlLIII edges. The EXAFS data show, after developing a model describing the extensive multiple scattering within the linearly coordinated cyano ligands, short Pt-Tl bond distances in the [(NC)(5)Pt-Tl(CN)(n)](n-) complexes: 2.60(1), 2.62(1), and 2.64(1) Angstrom for n = 1-3, respectively. Thus, the Pt-Tl bond distance increases with increasing number of cyano ligands on the thallium atom. In all three complexes the thallium atom and five cyano ligands, with a mean Pt-C distance of 2.00-2.01 Angstrom, octahedrally coordinate the platinum atom. In the hydrated [(NC)(5)Pt-Tl(CN)(H2O)(4)](-) species the thallium atom coordinates one cyano ligand, probably as a linear Pt-TI-CN entity with a Tl-C bond distance of 2.13(1) Angstrom, and possibly four loosely bound water molecules with a mean Tl-O bond distance of about 2.51 Angstrom. In the [(NC)(5)Pt-Tl(CN)(2)](2-) species, the thallium atom probably coordinates the cyano ligands trigonally with two TI-C bond distances at 2.20(2) Angstrom, and in [(NC)(5)Pt-Tl(CN)(3)]Tl3- coordinates tetrahedrally with three TI-C distances at 2.22(2) Angstrom. EXAFS data were reevaluated for previously studied mononuclear thallium(III)-cyano complexes in aqueous solution, [Tl(CN)(2)(H2O)(4)](+), [Tl(CN)(3)(H2O)], and [Tl(CN)(4)](-), and also for the solid K[TI(CN)(4)] compound. A comparison shows that the TI-C bond distances are longer in the dinuclear complexes [(NC)(5)Pt-TI(CN)(n)](n-) (it = 1-3) for the same coordination number. Relative oxidation states of the metal atoms were estimated from their Pt-195 and (TI)-T-205 chemical shifts, confirming that the I(NC)5Pt-TI(CN),]n- complexes can be considered as metastable intermediates in a two-electron-transfer redox reaction from platinum(II) to thallium(III). Vibrational spectra were recorded and force constants from normal-coordinate analyses are used for discussing the delocalized bonding in these species.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Ortqvist, E., et al.
(författare)
-
Temporary preservation of beta-cell function by diazoxide treatment in childhood type 1 diabetes
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0149-5992 .- 1935-5548. ; 27:9, s. 2191-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: We examined the effect of diazoxide, an ATP-sensitive K(+) channel opener and inhibitor of insulin secretion, on beta-cell function and remission in children at clinical onset of type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 56 subjects (21 girls and 35 boys, age 7-17 years) were randomized to 3 months of active treatment (diazoxide 5-7.5 mg/kg in divided doses) or placebo in addition to multiple daily insulin injections and were followed for 2 years. RESULTS: Diazoxide decreased circulating C-peptide concentrations by approximately 50%. After cessation of the treatment, basal and meal-stimulated C-peptide concentrations increased to a maximum at 6 months, followed by a decline. Meal-stimulated C-peptide concentration was significantly higher at 12 months (0.43 +/- 0.22 vs. 0.31 +/- 0.26 nmol/l, P = 0.018) and tended to fall less from clinical onset to 24 months in the diazoxide- vs. placebo-treated patients (-0.05 +/- 0.24 vs. -0.18 +/- 0.26 nmol/l, P = 0.064). At 24 months, the meal-stimulated C-peptide concentrations were 0.24 +/- 0.20 and 0.20 +/- 0.17 nmol/l, respectively. Side effects of diazoxide were prevalent. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that partial inhibition of insulin secretion for 3 months at onset of childhood type 1 diabetes suspends the period of remission and temporarily preserves residual insulin production. Further evaluation of the full potential of beta-cell rest will require compounds with less side effects as well as protocols optimized for sustained secretory arrest.
|
|
