| 51. |
- Kaufmann, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Common brain disorders are associated with heritable patterns of apparent aging of the brain
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Neuroscience. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1097-6256 .- 1546-1726. ; 22:10, s. 1617-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Common risk factors for psychiatric and other brain disorders are likely to converge on biological pathways influencing the development and maintenance of brain structure and function across life. Using structural MRI data from 45,615 individuals aged 3-96 years, we demonstrate distinct patterns of apparent brain aging in several brain disorders and reveal genetic pleiotropy between apparent brain aging in healthy individuals and common brain disorders.
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| 52. |
- Kirik, Ufuk, et al.
(författare)
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Antibody heavy chain variable domains of different germline gene origins diversify through different paths
- 2017
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 8:NOV
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- B cells produce antibodies, key effector molecules in health and disease. They mature their properties, including their affinity for antigen, through hypermutation events; processes that involve, e.g., base substitution, codon insertion and deletion, often in association with an isotype switch. Investigations of antibody evolution define modes whereby particular antibody responses are able to form, and such studies provide insight important for instance for development of efficient vaccines. Antibody evolution is also used in vitro for the design of antibodies with improved properties. To better understand the basic concepts of antibody evolution, we analyzed the mutational paths, both in terms of amino acid substitution and insertions and deletions, taken by antibodies of the IgG isotype. The analysis focused on the evolution of the heavy chain variable domain of sets of antibodies, each with an origin in 1 of 11 different germline genes representing six human heavy chain germline gene subgroups. Investigated genes were isolated from cells of human bone marrow, a major site of antibody production, and characterized by next-generation sequencing and an in-house bioinformatics pipeline. Apart from substitutions within the complementarity determining regions, multiple framework residues including those in protein cores were targets of extensive diversification. Diversity, both in terms of substitutions, and insertions and deletions, in antibodies is focused to different positions in the sequence in a germline gene-unique manner. Altogether, our findings create a framework for understanding patterns of evolution of antibodies from defined germline genes.
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| 53. |
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| 54. |
- Ljunggren, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Maximum Robust Train Path for an Additional Train Inserted in an Existing Railway Timetable
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We present an algorithm to insert a train path in an existing railway timetable close to operation, when we want to affect the existing (passenger) traffic as little as possible. Thus, we consider all other trains as fixed, and aim for a resulting train path that maximizes the bottleneck robustness. Our algorithm is based on a graph formulation of the problem and uses a variant of Dijkstra's algorithm.We present an extensive experimental evaluation of our algorithm for the Swedish railway stretch from Malmö to Hallsberg. Moreover, we analyze the size of our constructed graph.
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| 55. |
- Lynch, Edward, et al.
(författare)
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Geology, lithostratigraphy and petrogenesis of c. 2.14 Ga greenstones in the Nunasvaara and Masugnsbyn areas, northernmost Sweden
- 2018
-
Ingår i: SGU Rapporter och meddelanden. - Uppsala : Sveriges geologiska undersökning. - 0349-2176. ; 141, s. 19-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two Palaeoproterozoic greenstone successions in the Nunasvaara and Masugnsbyn areas of north-central Norrbotten (northernmost Sweden) have been investigated to (1) characterise their primary depositional features; (2) establish lithostratigraphic correlations between both areas; and (3) gain insights into the petrogenesis of greenstone-type volcano-sedimentary successions in this sector of the Fennoscandian Shield.In the Nunasvaara area (Vittangi greenstone group), a partly conformable, polydeformed, approximately 2.4 km thick greenstone sequence mainly consists of basaltic (tholeiitic) metavolcanic and metavolcaniclastic rocks (amygdaloidal lava, laminated tuff). Intercalated metasedimentary units include graphite-bearing black schist, and pelite. The uppermost part consists of amphibolitic pelite with intercalated metacarbonate layers and rare meta-ironstone, metachert and meta-ultrabasic horizons. Numerous metadoleritic sills occur throughout the package.In the Masugnsbyn area (Veikkavaara greenstone group) a relatively conformable approximately 3.4 km thick greenstone sequence displays lithological, geochemical and geophysical characteristics similar to that at Nunasvaara. This succession consists of a dominant basaltic metatuff sequence overlain by metasedimentary units towards the top (e.g. meta-ironstone, metachert, amphibolitic schist, calcitic and dolomitic marbles). Minor metadolerite sills occur in the metatuffs. Near the base of the metatuff package, a graphitic black schist horizon occupies a similar stratigraphic position to a prominent black schist layer at Nunasvaara (here named the Nunasvaara member). This unit is a key marker horizon providing lateral correlation between both successions and also acts as a useful strain marker for reconstructing deformational events.Both greenstone successions record the effects of overprinting syn-to late-orogenic (Svecokarelian) tectonothermal events. These include complex, polyphase ductile deformation (D1 to D3 events at Nunasvaara, forming the Nunasvaara dome), peak amphibolite facies metamorphism, metasomatic-hydrothermal alteration and late-stage retrogression and brittle faulting (composite D4 at Nunasvaara). Locally, these overprinting processes formed metamorphic graphite, skarn-related Fe ± Cu and hydrothermal Cu ± Pb ± Mo mineralisation.U-Pb SIMS zircon dating of a metadolerite dyke from Nunasvaara and a metadolerite sill from Masugnsbyn have yielded mean weighted 207Pb/206Pb ages of 2 144 ±5 Ma (2σ, n = 10) and 2 139 ±4 Ma (2σ, n = 5) Ma, respectively. These precise dates constrain the timing of hypabyssal mafic magmatism, provide a minimum age for the deposition of the volcanic and sedimentary rocks, and identify a new approximetly 2.14 Ga episode of tholeiitic magmatism in this sector of the Fennoscandian Shield. Whole-rock initial εNd values for greenstone meta-igneous units range from +0.4 to +4.0 at Nunasvaara (n = 11) and +0.4 to +3.7 at Masugnsbyn (n = 7). These data indicate a juvenile depleted to partly enriched mantle (asthenospheric or lithospheric) as a major source of the tholeiitic melts. Corresponding trace element systematics have enriched mid-ocean ridge (E-MORB)-type signatures, and indicate minor assimilation of Archaean continental crust (i.e. Norrbotten craton) during magma ascent and storage. Overall, the combined geological, geochemical and isotopic characteristics of the greenstones are consistent with protolith formation within an incipient oceanic basin (epieric Norrbotten Seaway) during approximetly 2.14 Ga rifting and sagging of the Norrbotten craton.
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| 56. |
- Lönnermark, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Brandsäkerhet vid lagring av avfallsbränslen
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med detta projekt har varit att ge ökad kunskap kring olika förekommande brandrisker och råd om hur dessa kan reduceras med olika åtgärder, primärt baserat på praktiska erfarenheter från genomfört säkerhetsarbete samt uppkomna bränder ute i olika anläggningar. Målet är att de samlade kunskaperna och erfarenheterna kan komma till nytta för hela branschen, övriga berörda intressenter och myndigheter och på sikt ligga till grund för t.ex. framtida branschrekommendationer.Projektet kan delas in metodmässigt i; statistik, workshoppar samt analys av anläggningsspecifik information.Analysen av insatsstatistik från Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB) pekar på att det inträffar i storleksordningen 60–70 bränder årligen i avfallsanläggningar och att brandorsaken i de flesta fall är självantändning eller okänd anledning. Tittar man på "brand ej i byggnad" med relevanta bränder för avfallsanläggningar så ser man en svagt ökande trend i antal bränder 2012–2015. De vanligaste materialfraktionerna som enligt statistik från MSB är kopplade till bränder i avfallsanläggningar är sopor, kompost, fluff, papper, trädgårdsavfall, däckgranulat, annat, skrot, återvinningscontainrar. Även en del av flisbränderna kan vara relaterade till RT-trä.Från avfallsindustrins sida ansågs bark, returträ, flisat material och GROT (grenar och toppar) kunna ge problem med självuppvärmning. Även krossning av avfall angavs som ett generellt problem av flera deltagare.Många incidenter och bränder anses bero på felsorterat eller feldeklarerat avfall och kontrollen av inkommande gods är därför väldigt viktig. Det är också viktigt att kommunicera uppströms i leveranskedjan för att öka chanserna att komma tillrätta med problemen. Många deltagare identifierade batterier (speciellt litiumbatterier) som ett växande problem.Hanteringen av förorenat släckvatten varierar mycket. Man påpekar att samma krav över hela landet vore bra. Man önskar tydligare riktlinjer för släckvattenanalyser, kunskap om vad vattnet kan innehålla och information om reningsmetoder för släckvatten.Det påpekas att det finns många standarder och normer att förhålla sig till så det vore därför bra att ha en lägsta nivå av krav som bestäms i samarbete med branschen som man kan förhålla sig till och någon form av vägledning från myndigheterna för göra hanteringen mer lik över riket.Diskussionerna under workshopparna och tillsammans med projektets referensgrupp har lett fram till 33 rekommendationer uppdelade på olika områden. För varje rekommendation ges i rapporten ytterligare förklaringar. Dessa rekommendationer kan ligga till grund för framtida riktlinjer.
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| 57. |
- Martinsson, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Age and character of late-Svecokarelian monzonitic intrusions in northeastern Norrbotten, northern Sweden
- 2018
-
Ingår i: SGU Rapporter och meddelanden. - Uppsala : Sveriges geologiska undersökning. - 0349-2176. ; 141, s. 381-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Palaeoproterozoic magmatism in northern Norrbotten shows a complex evolution, with several different plutonic suites ranging in age 1.93–1.70 Ga. Here we present data for three monzonitic intrusions from different parts of the area. They are petrographically and chemically similar, consisting mainly of perthite, augite and orthopyroxene, with megacrysts of poikilitic biotite as a characteristic minor component, and with high Sr and Ba. The intrusions have been dated at 1.80 Ga and may be part of a more extensive magmatic event in northern Sweden, including other chemically similar monzonitic and gabbroic intrusions, which often occur as ring dykes at the Merasjärvi gravity high (MGH) in northeastern Norrbotten. The monzonitic intrusions have A-type signatures and chemical characteristics overlapping those of rocks in arc and within-plate settings. These intrusions may thus have formed in either a back arc setting related to eastward subduction associated with the Transscandinavian Igneous Belt further west (TIB 1), or through a separate igneous event caused by a mantle plume.
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| 58. |
- McGinn, Steven, et al.
(författare)
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New Technologies for DNA analysis-A review of the READNA Project.
- 2016
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Ingår i: New Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-4347 .- 1871-6784.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The REvolutionary Approaches and Devices for Nucleic Acid analysis (READNA) project received funding from the European Commission for 4 1/2 years. The objectives of the project revolved around technological developments in nucleic acid analysis. The project partners have discovered, created and developed a huge body of insights into nucleic acid analysis, ranging from improvements and implementation of current technologies to the most promising sequencing technologies that constitute a 3(rd) and 4(th) generation of sequencing methods with nanopores and in situ sequencing, respectively.
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| 59. |
- Nahlen Bose, Catarina, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of Coping Strategies and Their Associations With Health Related Quality of Life in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure : the Brief COPE Restructured
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cardiology Research. - : Elmer Press, Inc.. - 1923-2829 .- 1923-2837. ; 6:2, s. 239-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Individuals with chronic heart failure (CHF) need to cope with both the physical limitations and the psychological impacts of the disease. Since some coping strategies are beneficial and others are linked to increased mortality and worse health-related quality of life (HRQoL), it is important to have a reliable and valid instrument to detect different coping styles. Brief COPE, a self-reporting questionnaire, has been previously used in the context of CHF. There is, however, currently a lack of consensus about the theoretical or empirical foundations for grouping the multiple coping strategies assessed by Brief COPE into higher order categories of coping. The main purpose of this study was to examine the structure of Brief COPE, founded on the higher order grouping of its subscales in order to establish an assessment model supported by theoretical considerations. Furthermore, the associations between these higher order categories of coping and HRQoL were examined to establish the predictive validity of the selected model in the context of CHF.Method: One hundred eighty-three patients diagnosed with CHF were recruited at a heart failure outpatient clinic or at a cardiac ward. Self-reported questionnaires were filled in to measure coping strategies and HRQoL. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to investigate different hierarchical structures of Brief COPE found in the literature to assess coping strategies in patients with CHF. Regression analyses explored associations of aggregated coping strategies with HRQoL.Results: A four factorial structure of Brief COPE displayed the most adequate psychometric properties, consisting of problem focused coping, avoidant coping, socially supported coping and emotion focused coping. Avoidant coping was associated with worse HRQoL in CHF.Conclusions: This study provides support for a four-factor model of coping strategies in patients with CHF. This could facilitate assessment of coping both in clinical and research settings.
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| 60. |
- Nahlen Bose, Catarina
(författare)
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Coping and emotional well-being in patients with chronic heart failure
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a serious illness, with a profound impact on the patient. Poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as well as anxiety and depression are prevalent in CHF and predict mortality and rehospitalization, yet, psychosocial factors are infrequently treated and cared for.Aim: To gather scientific evidence on illness perception and coping strategies to predict emotional well-being in patients with CHF and to establish a measurement model of coping strategies. Furthermore, to evaluate a nurse-led psychoeducational intervention, Coping Effectiveness Training (CET) adapted for patients with CHF.Methods: Studies I-III were cross sectional. Study IV was a randomized controlled trial aimed to improve emotional well-being (one-year follow-up). All studies used patient reported outcome measures and clinical data via medical journals.Results: Younger age and male gender were associated with higher levels of alcohol usage and/or drugs to cope, p < 0.01. Poor sense of coherence was associated with maladaptive coping (I). A four factorial model of Brief COPE displayed the best psychometric properties (II). Avoidant coping influenced negative affect (NA) (I), worse HRQoL (II) and greater anxiety and depression (III). CET (IV) improved personal control in the intervention group (IG) compared to the control group (CG), p = 0.036. Improved scores for the IG were detected in emotional well-being and HRQoL, p = ns. The IG demonstrated reduced NA, p = 0.022, excluding cases with clinical anxiety and depression. Time to cardiovascular readmission or death was non-significantly lower in the IG vs the CG (Hazard ratio 0.58 [0.29-1.18]) adjusted p = 0.135.Conclusions: Personal resources seemed to influence the coping strategies used by patients with CHF. Avoidant coping had an adverse influence on emotional wellbeing and illness perception in CHF. The perceived sense of control and illness burden were of importance for emotional well-being. A CET intervention for patients with CHF increased sense of control over the illness. CET also reduced NA in patients with no or mild symptoms of anxiety and depression.
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