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- Mayer, M., et al.
(författare)
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Ion beam analysis of fusion plasma-facing materials and components : Facilities and research challenges
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : Institute of Physics Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 60:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following the IAEA Technical Meeting on 'Advanced Methodologies for the Analysis of Materials in Energy Applications Using Ion Beam Accelerators', this paper reviews the current status of ion beam analysis (IBA) techniques and some aspects of ion-induced radiation damage in materials for the field of materials relevant to fusion. Available facilities, apparatus development, future research options and challenges are presented and discussed. The analysis of beryllium and radioactivity-containing samples from future experiments in JET or ITER represents not only an analytical but also a technical challenge. A comprehensive list of the facilities, their current status, and analytical capabilities comes alongside detailed descriptions of the labs. A discussion of future issues of sample handling and the current status of facilities at JET complete the technical section. To prepare the international IBA community for these challenges, the IAEA technical meeting concludes the necessity for determining new nuclear reaction cross-sections and improving the inter-laboratory comparability by defining international standards and testing these via a round-robin test.
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| 4. |
- Frid, Petrea, et al.
(författare)
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Detailed phenotyping of posterior vs. anterior circulation ischemic stroke: a multi-center MRI study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-5354 .- 1432-1459. ; 267, s. 649-658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Posterior circulation ischemic stroke (PCiS) constitutes 20-30% of ischemic stroke cases. Detailed information about differences between PCiS and anterior circulation ischemic stroke (ACiS) remains scarce. Such information might guide clinical decision making and prevention strategies. We studied risk factors and ischemic stroke subtypes in PCiS vs. ACiS and lesion location on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in PCiS. Methods Out of 3,301 MRIs from 12 sites in the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Stroke Genetics Network (SiGN), we included 2,381 cases with acute DWI lesions. The definition of ACiS or PCiS was based on lesion location. We compared the groups using Chi-squared and logistic regression. Results PCiS occurred in 718 (30%) patients and ACiS in 1663 (70%). Diabetes and male sex were more common in PCiS vs. ACiS (diabetes 27% vs. 23%, p < 0.05; male sex 68% vs. 58%, p < 0.001). Both were independently associated with PCiS (diabetes, OR = 1.29; 95% CI 1.04-1.61; male sex, OR = 1.46; 95% CI 1.21-1.78). ACiS more commonly had large artery atherosclerosis (25% vs. 20%, p < 0.01) and cardioembolic mechanisms (17% vs. 11%, p < 0.001) compared to PCiS. Small artery occlusion was more common in PCiS vs. ACiS (20% vs. 14%, p < 0.001). Small artery occlusion accounted for 47% of solitary brainstem infarctions. Conclusion Ischemic stroke subtypes differ between the two phenotypes. Diabetes and male sex have a stronger association with PCiS than ACiS. Definitive MRI-based PCiS diagnosis aids etiological investigation and contributes additional insights into specific risk factors and mechanisms of injury in PCiS.
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- Hallander, Per, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Using tailored temperature variations to obtain flawless forming of multi-stacked unidirectional prepreg
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of composite materials. - : SAGE Publications Ltd. - 0021-9983 .- 1530-793X. ; 54:26, s. 3999-4009
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, tailored temperature zones are used to obtain improved quality during rapid, high pressure forming of multi-stacked unidirectional prepreg. Particularly in aerospace applications, commonly used forming processes for multi-stacked unidirectional prepreg are often considered a bottleneck in production since the forming cycle requires both heating and cooling ramps and consequently takes long time—often about 1 h. It is possible to speed up the process by using elevated pressure and temperature. However, higher pressure and temperature also increase the influence of pressure gradient-driven, in-plane material movement (squeeze flow). This typically appears as radius thinning when forming a C-spar geometry on a male mold. Decrease of lay-up temperature will decrease radius thinning, but due to obstructed interply slippage, instead bending-induced wrinkles appear on the spar flange. In this article, tailored temperatures at the radius and in the flange area are introduced by using a hot lay-up and a cold mold. The results show that temperature differences of 6℃–10℃ between the radius area and the flange edge of the lay-up decreases radius thinning while still avoiding bending-induced wrinkles. Except from the radius temperature also the stacking sequence and the choice of prepreg system showed a significant influence on the radius thinning.
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- Larsson, E., et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish study on improved contraceptive counselling for immigrant women postpartum
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 30:Supplement_5
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Contraceptive choices postpartum have not previously been studied in Sweden. Being foreign born is a risk factor for induced abortion. Improving postpartum contraceptive counseling could potentially fulfill unmet needs for contraception.This is an organizational case study using a Quality Improvement Collaborative (QIC) within the regular healthcare setting at 3 maternal health clinics in Stockholm. The active phase of the study was Sep2018-Sep2019. Quantitative and qualitative methods were combined. Routine registration of choice of postpartum contraception was introduced at the clinics and analyzed focusing on Swedish born and foreign-born women. Midwives and researchers met continuously, and during the active phase every 2-3 months in learning seminars with around 20 participants. During the learning seminars PDSA-cycles were used and areas of improvements for continuous performance measures were chosen. The midwives decided on and tested multiple evidence-based changes in contraceptive counselling and services during action periods. Goals were set and competency building in areas chosen by the midwifes were held. In addition, both foreign- and Swedish born women gave their input to the improvement areas. Qualitative data was analyzed through content analysis from field notes and verbatim transcripts.Preliminary results show that the proportion of women choosing an effective contraceptive method (SARC or LARC) among immigrant women increased from 40% to 55% when comparing the start and the end of the project. The midwives reported how they had changed their approach when counselling women who were skeptical about contraception and tried to find a new way to meet women's needs.As much as the QIC showed positive results, it was a small-scale study in 3 clinics in one geographical area. A larger study to determine and explain the effectiveness of QIC on the proportion of immigrant women choosing an effective contraceptive method postpartum is planned for 2021-2024.
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| 9. |
- Dellmuth, Lisa M., et al.
(författare)
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Empowering NGOs? Long-term effects of ecological and institutional change on regional fisheries management organizations
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Environmental Change. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-3780 .- 1872-9495. ; 65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The participation of environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) in regional fisheries management organizations has inspired optimism among many observers and researchers about increasing the effectiveness of these regional organizations in managing highly migratory and straddling fish stocks sustainably. Others claim that the attendance of ENGOs in meetings of regional fisheries management organizations as accredited observers or as part of member state or cooperating non-member state delegations, could make decision-making complex, long, and inefficient. More generally, NGO participation has attracted broad scholarly interest in the study of interest groups and transnational advocacy in political science. Yet, we know little about the determinants of ENGO participation in meetings of regional fisheries management organizations in the first place. To fill this gap, this article develops a theoretical framework conceptualizing ENGO participation and developing expectations about how ecological and institutional change shapes ENGO participation. The framework deals with structural determinants of ENGO participation, as existing literature primarily has been preoccupied with the study of actor-specific explanations of specific NGOs' impact in specific political processes. By contrast, we examine how ecological change - such as target fish stock health and biomass status - and institutional change - such as financial resources, membership composition of regional fisheries management organizations and participation by other non-state actors, such as experts and fishing industry representatives - shape ENGO participation. We empirically explore this framework in the context of seven regional fisheries management organizations. A dataset comprising yearly fish stock-level data on participation, institutional, and ecological factors, for 1980-2014, was compiled for our quantitative inquiry into the determinants of ENGO participation. We find robust evidence that institutional change shapes ENGO participation, but not ecological factors related to target fish stock health. We discuss our findings against the backdrop of ongoing debates about NGOs in political science, and spell out broader implications for future research on NGOs in regional fisheries management organizations.
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| 10. |
- Krat, S., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of erosion and deposition in JET divertor during the first three ITER-like wall campaigns
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physica Scripta. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0031-8949 .- 1402-4896. ; T171:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The manuscript presents an overview of the erosion and deposition data in the inner and outer JET divertor observed during the first three ITER-like wall campaigns (JET-ILW1, JET-ILW2, JET-ILW3). Erosion and deposition were studied using core samples cut out from divertor tiles. For the studied samples a similar general deposition pattern was observed in all three campaigns: More than 60% of the total deposition occurred in the upper region of the inner divertor on tiles 0 and 1, where Be was transported and deposited from the scrape-off layer. High erosion was observed only on tile 5. In JET-ILW2 and 3, erosion together with high power fluxes was observed in the outer divertor at the bottom of tile 7. Additionally, deposition peaks were observed on the sloping parts of tiles 4 and 6, which were more pronounced in JET-ILW2 and 3 due to placing the strike point more often on these tiles. The deposits consisted primarily of Be, with some additional D and C. Deposition rates were observed to decrease from campaign to campaign, with the C deposition rate decreasing the most, more than 2 times from JET-ILW1 to JET-ILW3. D retention up to levels of similar to 1 at% was observed up to large depths in the W protective coatings in all campaigns.
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