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- Bujila, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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A validation of SpekPy: A software toolkit for modelling X-ray tube spectra
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physica medica (Testo stampato). - : Elsevier BV. - 1120-1797 .- 1724-191X. ; 75, s. 44-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To validate the SpekPy software toolkit that has been developed to estimate the spectra emitted fromtungsten anode X-ray tubes. The model underlying the toolkit introduces improvements upon a well-knownsemi-empirical model of X-ray emission.Materials and methods: Using the same theoretical framework as the widely-used SpekCalc software, new electronpenetration data was simulated using the Monte Carlo (MC) method, alternative bremsstrahlung crosssectionswere applied, L-line characteristic emissions were included, and improvements to numerical methodsimplemented. The SpekPy toolkit was developed with the Python programming language. The toolkit was validatedagainst other popular X-ray spectrum models (50 to 120 kVp), X-ray spectra estimated with MC (30 to150 kVp) as well as reference half value layers (HVL) associated with numerous radiation qualities from standardlaboratories (20 to 300 kVp).Results: The toolkit can be used to estimate X-ray spectra that agree with other popular X-ray spectrum modelsfor typical configurations in diagnostic radiology as well as with MC spectra over a wider range of conditions.The improvements over SpekCalc are most evident at lower incident electron energies for lightly and moderatelyfiltered radiation qualities. Using the toolkit, estimations of the HVL over a large range of standard radiationqualities closely match reference values.Conclusions: A toolkit to estimate X-ray spectra has been developed and extensively validated for central-axisspectra. This toolkit can provide those working in Medical Physics and beyond with a powerful and user-friendlyway of estimating spectra from X-ray tubes.
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| 2. |
- Karambatsakidou, A, et al.
(författare)
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Age-specific and gender-specific radiation risks in paediatric angiography and interventional cardiology: conversion coefficients and risk reference values
- 2020
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Ingår i: The British journal of radiology. - : British Institute of Radiology. - 1748-880X .- 0007-1285. ; 93:1110, s. 20190869-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To estimate risk for exposure-induced cancer death (REID), organ-specific risks of exposure-induced cancer death (REIDHT) and associated conversion coefficients (CCREID:KAP=REID/kerma-area product (KAP), CCREIDHT:KAP=REIDHT/KAP) in paediatric cardiac catheterizations using data from radiation dose structured reports (RDSR). A novel risk surveillance tool consisting of age-specific and gender-specific risk reference values (RRVs) related to population cancer risk is suggested. Methods: The PCXMC v.2.0 code is used together with exposure-related information from RDSR from a cohort of 238 children to assess cancer risks and related conversion coefficients. The KAP corresponding to 1 in 1000 of increased REID is used to define age-specific and gender-specific KAP values to monitor risk in such patient cohorts, here denoted as RRVs. Results: The REID estimates ranged from below 1 up to 300 in 100,000, and the RRVs for the different age groups and gender ranged from 0.77 Gycm2 and 2.1 Gycm2 for neonates (female, male) to 11 Gycm2 and 25 Gycm2 for 15-year-olds (female, male). The CCREID:KAP and CCREIDHT:KAP decreased biexponentially with increased age, being notably higher for female patients. Conclusions: Prominent risk contributing organs were the lungs and the (female) breast. The concept of age-specific and gender-specific RRVs related to population cancer risk is introduced and is intended to be used as a supporting tool for physicians performing such interventions. Advances in knowledge: Age-related and gender-related conversion coefficients for radiation risk, CCREID:KAP and CCREIDHT:KAP, are introduced and a novel risk surveillance concept, the RRV, is suggested for paediatric cardiac catheterizations.
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