| 1. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(author)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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In: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 2. |
- Fedina, Tatiana, et al.
(author)
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A comparative study of water and gas atomized low alloy steel powders for additive manufacturing
- 2020
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In: Additive Manufacturing. - : Elsevier. - 2214-8604 .- 2214-7810. ; 36
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This work reports a study of the differences between laser processing of water and gas atomized low alloy steel powders with a focus on powder behavior and performance in additive manufacturing. Material packing densities were measured to establish a relationship between powder packing and track formation. The results showed that the track height when using water atomized powder was 15% lower than the value achieved for the gas atomized powder. High-speed imaging was utilized to observe the material behavior and analyze the powder particle movement under laser irradiation. It was found that water atomized powder has less particle entrainment due to its tendency towards mechanical interlocking. The occurrence of powder spattering and melt pool instabilities was also studied. More frequent spatter ejection is believed to be due to the higher amount of oxygen in the water atomized powder.
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| 3. |
- Olsson, Rickard, 1959-, et al.
(author)
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Normal vector distribution as a classification tool for convoluted rough surfaces with overhanging features
- 2020
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In: Journal of laser applications. - : Laser Institute of America. - 1042-346X .- 1938-1387. ; 32:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Convoluted rough surfaces involving overhanging features can be a natural consequence of laser additive manufacturing and other spray techniques or can be generated deliberately by laser surface texturing, e.g., to aid osseointegration. Overhanging features add an extra level of complexity to the topography of a rough surface and can have a substantial effect on wettability, etc. However, features of this type are invisible to traditional surface roughness measurement techniques. This work presents a computer-based surface analysis method that gives useful information about the presence and nature of overhanging features on rough technical surfaces. The technique uses micro-computer tomography to generate a typical cross section of the surface under investigation. The angles of the vectors normal to the surface can then be analyzed to reveal the presence of overhanging features, which can also be indicated by the standard deviation of the normal vector distribution. Titanium surfaces generated by six different techniques were compared. The characteristics of these surfaces varied strongly, as did the shapes of the overhangs involved. These variations are reflected by different statistical distributions of the normal vectors.
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| 4. |
- Pinese, Mark, et al.
(author)
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The Medical Genome Reference Bank contains whole genome and phenotype data of 2570 healthy elderly
- 2020
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Population health research is increasingly focused on the genetic determinants of healthy ageing, but there is no public resource of whole genome sequences and phenotype data from healthy elderly individuals. Here we describe the first release of the Medical Genome Reference Bank (MGRB), comprising whole genome sequence and phenotype of 2570 elderly Australians depleted for cancer, cardiovascular disease, and dementia. We analyse the MGRB for single-nucleotide, indel and structural variation in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. MGRB individuals have fewer disease-associated common and rare germline variants, relative to both cancer cases and the gnomAD and UK Biobank cohorts, consistent with risk depletion. Age-related somatic changes are correlated with grip strength in men, suggesting blood-derived whole genomes may also provide a biologic measure of age-related functional deterioration. The MGRB provides a broadly applicable reference cohort for clinical genetics and genomic association studies, and for understanding the genetics of healthy ageing. Healthspan and healthy aging are areas of research with potential socioeconomic impact. Here, the authors present the Medical Genome Reference Bank (MGRB) which consist of over 4,000 individuals aged 70 years and older without a history of the major age-related diseases and report on results from whole-genome sequencing and association analyses.
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