| 1. |
- Nohr, Rolf F., et al.
(författare)
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’Schulen ohne zu schulmeistern’ : Unternehmensplanspiele in den 1960er-Jahren
- 2016
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Ingår i: Zeithistorische Forschungen. - Göttingen : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. - 1612-6033 .- 1612-6041. ; , s. 38-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ›Teaching without Lecturing‹. Business Simulation Games in the 1960sBusiness simulation games emerged in the USA around 1956 amidst a range of impacting factors such as military simulations, case studies at business schools, and war games. Situated at the intersection of corporate management, increasing computerisation and shifting paradigms in economics, the field of business simulation games provides an exceptional opportunity to trace the transformations of the logics of social control in the post-WWII era. These early ›serious games‹ were sites where practices of decision-making, changing concepts of rationality and the challenges of adapting to a new medium were explored in a playful manner. In this article, the field is approached from a media and cultural studies perspective. The focus is on the early 1960s, when business simulation games were first introduced in West German companies for the purpose of management training. Special attention is paid to the deployment of the IBM-developed business simulation game TOPIC 1 at the chemicals company Hoechst AG.
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| 2. |
- Rieder, Bernhard, et al.
(författare)
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Digital Methods : From Challenges to Bildung
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Datafied Society. - Amsterdam : Amsterdam University Press. - 978 94 6298 136 2 - 978 90 4853 101 1 ; , s. 109-124
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The chapter starts with a short summary of what we consider to be five central challenges concerning the recent move towards Digital Methods. We then interrogate David Berry’s concept of ‘digital Bildung’ as a means of facing these challenges. Our goal in this discussion is, maybe paradoxically, to move the spotlight from ‘the digital’ and programming, to the plethora of concepts and knowledges mobilized in digital tools. To this end, we discuss three examples that allow us to both concretise and complicate the debate about what kind of skill set is needed by digital scholars.
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| 3. |
- Röhle, Theo, 1976-
(författare)
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“A sedate, hesitant, circumspect, little behavioral revolution” : The case of New Political History 1957–1970
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The presentation seeks to historicise current approaches to Digital History by focusing on New Political History, a branch of US political history that emerged in the late 1950s. While its proponents were especially enthusiastic about the merits of computation and quantification, it also sparked a heated debate in the field, culminating in the president of the American Historical Association's insistence "Nor will the historian worship at the shrine of that Bitch-goddess, QUANTIFICATION [sic]." The presentation looks at New Political History from three different angles: First, the role of actors and institutions for its development is described, then the impact of media technologies during this phase is assessed and finally 'external' factors such as changing funding policies and industry concerns are examined. The findings will finally be used in a comparison to today's situation in order to discuss the broader issue of continuity vs. discontinuity and to connect to the conferences question whether Digital History can be seen as a Field, a Method or just a Phase.
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| 5. |
- Röhle, Theo, 1976-
(författare)
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Die Software sozialer Medien
- 2017. - 1
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Ingår i: Handbuch Soziale Medien. - Wiesbaden : Springer. - 9783658037642 - 9783658037659 ; , s. 321-342
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Der Beitrag fokussiert aus der Perspektive der Software Studies auf die technischen Voraussetzungen sozialer Medien. Ausgangspunkt ist, dass die Ausgestaltung von Software politische Züge trägt. Diskutiert wird jeweils an konkreten Beispielen, wie in Datenstrukturen Sozialität repräsentiert wird, welche Rolle APIs und Algorithmen für die Zirkulation von Informationen spielen und wie Bots an kollaborativen Prozessen beteiligt sind. Abschließend wird erörtert, inwiefern sich anhand der Gegensatzpaare zentral/dezentral und offen/geschlossen kritische Perspektiven auf diese Fragen entwickeln lassen.
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| 6. |
- Röhle, Theo, 1976-
(författare)
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Disrupting Distribution : Online publishing after Mirai
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During recent years, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks have developed from singular disturbances to a persistent problem within online publishing. They have grown in strength to an extent that even large web hosting companies are struggling to protect their clients from them. At the same time, the level of technical knowledge and financial resources required to administer these attacks is continually decreasing. Often based on variants of the Mirai virus that recruits vulnerable Internet of Things devices into botnets, the so-called booter and stresser community offers powerful attack capabilities as a web service, complete with user-friendly interfaces and flexible payment options.A range of larger media organisations have already been exposed to DDoS attacks, e.g. the BBC in 2015 and Newsweek in 2016. In Sweden, several Swedish publishing companies were put offline during a weekend in 2016. In countries where investigative journalists and independent media organisations work under harsher conditions, DDoS attacks are seen as one among many threats faced both online and offline on a daily basis. Thus, media organisations’ websites are in increasing danger of being blocked by minor actors. In order to stay accessible in spite of attacks, websites have to be protected by sophisticated technical solutions based on algorithmic filtering of server requests. However, when faced with severe attacks, these kinds of solutions often become prohibitively expensive for individuals and small organisations, leaving freelance journalists and smaller media organisations particularly exposed – a situation that IT journalist Brian Krebs (2016) has described as the ”democratization of censorship”.This paper presents preliminary results from an interview study investigating media organisations’ responses to DDoS attacks. The study involves both journalists and IT professionals working in media organisations and focuses on their strategies for handling attacks as well as their conceptualisations of threats. This involves the question who the threats’ targets are presumed to be – an organisation, the profession, society? Another key question concerns attribution, since DDoS attacks by their nature rarely can be traced back to a single source. How is responsibility allocated and what motivations are ascribed to the assumed perpetrators? Based on these findings, the presentation attempts to disentangle the antagonistic relationships between the involved actors – DDoS providers, DDoS mitigation services and media organisations – and to discern how their respective discursive constructions of threats are interwoven with the different economies they embody.
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| 7. |
- Röhle, Theo, 1976-
(författare)
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Mapping Home : Modalities of the cartographic negotiation of place
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presentation focuses on the role of digital cartography in negotiating the meaning of home. It is widely recognised that maps play an important role for the representation of place. It has also been argued that the advent of digital media has redistributed power relations involved in cartography, e.g. by making digital mapping tools easily accessible. As many examples have shown, the maps created with these tools can potentially challenge prevailing representations of place.I take Jeremy Crampton's concept of "new spatial media" as my point of departure, but expand on its distinctive feature that "the public is gaining (some) access to the means of production of maps". The main question will be what "means of production" and "(some) access" actually means under digital conditions. By engaging with a seminal historical example – the "Guide psychogéographique de Paris“, created by Situationists Guy Debord und Asger Jorn in the 1950s, as well as the corresponding methodological concept of the "derivé" – I develop an analytical distinction between two modalities of mapping. Accumulative modes of mapping, it is argued with reference to Bruno Latour, reproduce categories established by "centres of calculation". In aggregative modes of mapping, on the other hand, the malleability and expandability of data collection takes centre stage, allowing for established categories to be challenged. Drawing on this terminology, several current examples of popular digital mapping services will be discussed in terms of their potential for negotiating the meaning of home.
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